Antihistamin

Apa Antihistamin?

Antihistamin ngalangi pelepasan histamin saka reseptor histamin-1 lan biasane digunakake kanggo nambani alergi utawa gejala flu lan flu, sanajan sawetara antihistamin generasi pisanan (uga disebut antihistamin sedating) bisa uga digunakake kanggo kondisi liyane, kayata mual utawa mabuk.

Reseptor histamin-1 dumunung ing saluran napas (tabung ambegan), pembuluh getih, weteng, lan esofagus (daerah tenggorokan). Alergen, kayata serbuk sari utawa wulu kewan bisa ngrangsang reseptor kasebut, nyebabake pelepasan histamin, sing nyebabake gejala kayata ruam, wahing, irung meler, utawa penyempitan saluran napas (uga disebut bronkokonstriksi). Reseptor histamin-1 uga ditemokake ing otak lan sumsum tulang belakang lan antihistamin generasi pisanan (antihistamin sedating) bisa ngliwati sawar getih/otak menyang otak lan tumindak ing reseptor kasebut, nyebabake rasa ngantuk (sedasi), lan ngantuk.

Antihistamin digunakake kanggo apa?

Antihistamin bisa mbantu nyuda gejala reaksi alergi, kayata:

  • ruam
  • gatal
  • abang (radang)
  • bengkak (edema)
  • mripat abang lan banyune
  • irung meler
    • < li>bersin.

Iki ndadekake antihistamin efektif banget kanggo perawatan:

  • rinitis alergi
  • pilek
    • < li>flu
  • alergi pangan
  • demam hay
  • hives (urtikaria)
  • reaksi hipersensitivitas kanggo obat
  • gigitan serangga
  • nyengat.

Antihistamin sedating (deleng katrangan ing ngisor iki) uga tumindak ing otak lan sumsum tulang belakang, lan ing reseptor liyane. Iki ndadekake sawetara uga migunani kanggo:

  • ngrangsang turu
  • nyegah utawa nambani mabuk
  • ngirangi kuatir
  • sawetara. gejala penyakit Parkinson ing wong sing ora bisa ngidinke obat tradisional kanggo penyakit Parkinson.

Apa bedane antarane antihistamin?

Antihistamin bisa digolongake dadi rong kategori utama:< /p>

  • antihistamin generasi pisanan (uga dikenal minangka antihistamin sedating amarga kabeh nyebabake rasa ngantuk)
  • antihistamin generasi kapindho (uga dikenal minangka antihistamin non-sedating amarga ora cenderung njalari rasa ngantuk, senajan bisa uga ana ing sawetara wong).

Antihistamin generasi pisanan (sedating) dikembangake luwih saka pitung puluh taun kepungkur lan isih digunakake nganti saiki. Padha tumindak ing reseptor histamin ing otak lan sumsum balung mburi lan ing awak liyane (disebut periphery). Padha uga tumindak ing muscarinic, alpha-adrenergik, lan reseptor serotonin. Iki tegese antihistamin generasi pisanan luwih cenderung nyebabake efek samping kayata sedasi, tutuk garing, pusing, tekanan darah rendah, lan denyut jantung sing cepet. Padha uga luwih cenderung tinimbang antihistamin generasi kapindho kanggo ngrusak kemampuan wong kanggo nyopir utawa ngoperasikake mesin. Interaksi karo obat liya luwih umum karo antihistamin generasi pisanan dibandhingake karo antihistamin generasi kapindho.

Antihistamin generasi kapindho (non-sedating) dikembangake ing taun 1980-an lan luwih murah tinimbang antihistamin generasi pisanan. Tumindak ing reseptor histamin-1 ing pinggiran lan ora bisa nembus otak, saengga kurang bisa nyebabake efek samping utawa sesambungan karo obat-obatan. Umume antihistamin generasi kapindho ora nyebabake rasa ngantuk, sanajan sawetara (kayata cetirizine lan fexofenadine), bisa uga ana ing dosis sing luwih dhuwur.

Antihistamin umum sing kasedhiya ing AS

Antihistamin Generasi Pertama (Sedating)

td>
Jeneng umum Conto jeneng merek Duration tumindak
brompheniramine Generik 12h
carbinoxamine maleate Generik 12h
chlorpheniramine Aller-Chlor 24h
clemastine Umum 12h
diphenhydramine Benadryl 12h
hydroxyzine Vistaril 24h
triprolidine Diterusake 12h

Generasi Kapindho (Non-sedating) Antihistamin

Jeneng umum Jeneng merek Duration of action
azelastine nasal spray Astelin 12h
cetirizine Alergi Zyrtec, Zyrtec Anak 24h+
desloratadine Clarinex, Clarinex Reditabs 24h+
fexofenadine Alergi Allegra, Alergi Allegra Anak 12-24h
levocetirizine Xyzal 24h+
loratadine Alavert, Claritin 24h
olopatadine nasal spray Patanase 12h

Apa efek samping antihistamin?

Efek samping antihistamin generasi pertama (sedating) bisa uga kalebu:

  • penglihatan kabur utawa dobel
  • sembelit
  • mripat garing
  • mulut garing
  • ngantuk utawa sedasi
  • a nyeri sirah
  • tekanan darah rendah
  • mukus kenthel ing saluran napas
  • detak jantung sing cepet
  • nyeri weteng
  • kencing masalah

Efek samping saka antihistamin generasi kapindho (non-sedating) bisa uga kalebu:

  • watuk
  • ngantuk (ora umum). )
  • kesel 
  • mual
  • mual
  • mual
  • mual
  • nyeri weteng.

Dhaptar obat karo Antihistamin

Jeneng Obat
Ala Hist IR
Generic name: Dexbrompheniramine
Alavert
Generic name: Loratadine
Allegra
Generic name: Fexofenadine
Allegra 12 Hour Allergy
Generic name: Fexofenadine
Allegra 24 Hour Allergy
Generic name: Fexofenadine
Allegra Allergy
Generic name: Fexofenadine
Allegra ODT
Generic name: Fexofenadine
Allegra OTC
Generic name: Fexofenadine
Aller-Chlor
Generic name: Chlorpheniramine
Aller-Ease
Generic name: Fexofenadine
Allergy Relief
Generic name: Chlorpheniramine
Allergy Relief (Chlorpheniramine)
Generic name: Chlorpheniramine
Allergy Relief (Fexofenadine HCl)
Generic name: Fexofenadine
Arbinoxa
Generic name: Carbinoxamine
Claritin
Generic name: Loratadine
Claritin Reditab
Generic name: Loratadine
Claritin Reditabs
Generic name: Loratadine
Clearatadine
Generic name: Loratadine
Clemastine
Generic name: Clemastine
C.P.M.
Generic name: Chlorpheniramine
Cyproheptadine
Generic name: Cyproheptadine
Carbihist
Generic name: Carbinoxamine
Carbinoxamine
Generic name: Carbinoxamine
Carboxine
Generic name: Carbinoxamine
Cetirizine
Generic name: Cetirizine
Cetirizine (Intravenous)
Generic name: Cetirizine
Children's Allegra Allergy
Generic name: Fexofenadine
Children's Allegra ODT
Generic name: Fexofenadine
Children's Claritin
Generic name: Loratadine
Children's Clear-Atadine
Generic name: Loratadine
Children's Dimetapp ND Allergy
Generic name: Loratadine
Chlo-Amine
Generic name: Chlorpheniramine
Chlor-Mal
Generic name: Chlorpheniramine
Chlor-Trimeton
Generic name: Chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine
Generic name: Chlorpheniramine
ChlorTan
Generic name: Chlorpheniramine
Clarinex
Generic name: Desloratadine
Clarinex Reditabs
Generic name: Desloratadine
Desloratadine
Generic name: Desloratadine
Dexbrompheniramine
Generic name: Dexbrompheniramine
Dexchlorpheniramine
Generic name: Dexchlorpheniramine
Ed ChlorPed
Generic name: Chlorpheniramine
Ed-Chlor Ped Jr
Generic name: Chlorpheniramine
Ed-Chlortan
Generic name: Chlorpheniramine
Fexofenadine
Generic name: Fexofenadine
Histex CT
Generic name: Carbinoxamine
Histex I/E
Generic name: Carbinoxamine
Histex PD
Generic name: Carbinoxamine
Histex PD Drops
Generic name: Triprolidine
Histex Syrup
Generic name: Triprolidine
Histuss PD
Generic name: Carbinoxamine
Karbinal ER
Generic name: Carbinoxamine
Levocetirizine
Generic name: Levocetirizine
Loradamed
Generic name: Loratadine
Loratadine
Generic name: Loratadine
M-Hist PD
Generic name: Triprolidine
Mintex PD
Generic name: Carbinoxamine
Ohm Allergy Relief
Generic name: Loratadine
Palgic
Generic name: Carbinoxamine
PediaClear PD
Generic name: Triprolidine
PediaTan
Generic name: Chlorpheniramine
Pediatex
Generic name: Carbinoxamine
PediaVent
Generic name: Dexbrompheniramine
Pediox
Generic name: Carbinoxamine
Polaramine
Generic name: Dexchlorpheniramine
Quzyttir
Generic name: Cetirizine
RyClora
Generic name: Dexchlorpheniramine
Ryvent
Generic name: Carbinoxamine
Seldane
Generic name: Terfenadine
Tavist Allergy
Generic name: Clemastine
Tavist ND
Generic name: Loratadine
Triaminic Allerchews
Generic name: Loratadine
Triaminic Allergy
Generic name: Chlorpheniramine
Triprolidine
Generic name: Triprolidine
Vanaclear PD
Generic name: Triprolidine
Vanahist PD
Generic name: Triprolidine
Wal-finate
Generic name: Chlorpheniramine
Wal-itin
Generic name: Loratadine
Xyzal
Generic name: Levocetirizine
Zyrtec
Generic name: Cetirizine

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