Acyclovir (Systemic)
Jeneng merek: Zovirax
Kelas obat:
Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Acyclovir (Systemic)
Infeksi Virus Herpes Simpleks (HSV) Mucocutaneous, Ocular, and Systemic Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Pengobatan infeksi HSV-1 lan HSV-2 mukokutan awal lan berulang (contone, orofacial, esophageal, genital, nasal, labial) ing wong diwasa immunocompromised, remaja, lan bocah-bocah, kalebu individu sing kena HIV. Obat pilihan.
Terapi suppressive utawa pangopènan kronis (profilaksis sekunder) saka infèksi HSV sing kambuh† [off-label] ing wong diwasa, remaja, lan bocah-bocah sing immunocompromised, kalebu wong sing kena infeksi HIV sing kerep kambuh utawa abot.
Pengobatan infeksi HSV orolabial (kalebu gingivostomatitis) ing wong diwasa lan bocah sing immunocompetent† [off-label]; umume ora efektif utawa minimal efektif kanggo nyegah kambuh herpes labialis† [off-label] ing individu immunocompetent.
Pengobatan eksim herpeticum† [off-label] ing pasien kanthi riwayat dermatitis atopik.
Pengobatan keratitis HSV† [off-label] ing pasien sing kena infeksi HIV.
Profilaksis nglawan kambuh penyakit HSV okular† ing wong diwasa lan bocah sing immunokompeten ≥12 taun sing duwe penyakit HSV okular (blepharitis, konjungtivitis, keratitis epitel, keratitis stroma, iritis) ing siji utawa loro mata sajrone 12 sasi sadurunge. Wis digunakake kanggo profilaksis sawise penetrating keratoplasty kanggo herpetic keratitis.
Obat pilihan kanggo perawatan saka HSV encephalitis.
Obat pilihan kanggo perawatan infeksi HSV neonatal, kalebu infèksi mucocutaneous, infèksi sing nglibataké kulit, mata, lan tutuk, lan infèksi nyebar utawa CNS.
Obat pilihan kanggo nyegah kambuh HSV† ing panampa transplantasi sel induk hematopoietik (HSCT) seropositif kanggo HSV; profilaksis kasebut ora dituduhake ing seronegatif kanggo HSV.
Herpes Genital
Pengobatan episode awal herpes genital ing wong diwasa lan remaja, kalebu wong sing kena HIV.
Pengobatan episode pertama herpes proctitis†.
Pengobatan episodik saka episode herpes genital sing berulang ing wong diwasa lan remaja, kalebu wong sing kena infeksi HIV.
Terapi suppressive kronis saka episode berulang herpes genital ing wong diwasa lan remaja, kalebu wong sing kena HIV.
CDC lan liya-liyane nyaranake acyclovir oral, famciclovir oral, utawa valacyclovir oral minangka obat pilihan kanggo perawatan episode awal herpes genital lan kanggo perawatan episodik utawa terapi suppressive kronis saka herpes genital berulang.
Infeksi Varicella-Zoster
Pengobatan varicella (cacar air) ing wong diwasa, remaja, lan bocah-bocah sing duwe gangguan imun, kalebu wong sing kena infeksi HIV. Obat pilihan.
Pengobatan varicella (cacar air) ing wong diwasa, remaja, lan bocah sing immunokompeten. Varicella biasane minangka penyakit mandiri ing individu sing sehat lan peran acyclovir kanggo perawatan ing individu kasebut kontroversial; panggunaan rutin ora dianjurake dening AAP lan dokter liyane.
Pengobatan herpes zoster (shingles, zoster) ing wong diwasa, remaja, lan bocah sing immunocompetent utawa immunocompromised, kalebu wong sing kena infeksi HIV. Obat pilihan kanggo herpes zoster serius utawa nyebar ing pasien immunocompromised.
Pengobatan herpes zoster ophthalmicus† ing pasien sing kena HIV.
Pengobatan herpes zoster dermatomal ing pasien immunocompromised† kalebu panampa transplantasi lan pasien sing kena infeksi HIV.
Alternatif kanggo varicella-zoster immune globulin (VZIG) kanggo profilaksis postexposure infeksi VZV† ing panampa HSCT. Sanajan profilaksis jangka panjang ora disaranake kanthi rutin kanggo nyegah infeksi VZV sing berulang ing panampa HSCT, profilaksis kasebut bisa uga dianggep kanggo wong sing duwe kekurangan imun sing abot lan jangka panjang.
Nyegah Penyakit Cytomegalovirus (CMV) ing Panampa Transplantasi
Wis digunakake kanggo Nyegah penyakit CMV† ing panampa transplantasi organ padhet lan panampa transplantasi sumsum balung (BMT) kanthi resiko penyakit kasebut; data babagan khasiat sing bertentangan.
Wis digunakake kanggo nyegah penyakit CMV† ing panampa HSCT; umume ora efektif sawise HSCT autologous. Ganciclovir minangka obat pilihan kanggo nyegah CMV sawise HSCT autologous utawa allogeneic ing wong diwasa, remaja, lan bocah-bocah.
Ora efektif kanggo nyegah penyakit CMV ing wong sing kena HIV.
Infèksi lan Kelainan Virus Epstein-Barr
Pengobatan mononukleosis infèksius sing ora rumit utawa rumit, mononukleosis infèksius kronis, lan macem-macem kelainan (umpamane, leukoplakia wulu oral) sing digandhengake karo infeksi virus Epstein-Barr†; khasiat katon beda-beda.
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Carane nggunakake Acyclovir (Systemic)
Administrasi
Kanggo oral utawa infus IV.
Persediaan parenteral ora kudu ditindakake kanthi lisan utawa injeksi IM utawa sub-Q lan ora kena ditrapake sacara topikal utawa ing mripat.
Administrasi Oral
Administrasi tanpa gati kanggo dhaharan.
IV Infus
Kanggo informasi kompatibilitas solusi lan obat, deleng Kompatibilitas ing Stabilitas.
ReconstitutionReconstitute vial ngemot 500 mg utawa 1 g bubuk acyclovir kanthi 10 utawa 20 mL banyu steril kanggo injeksi, masing-masing, kanggo nyedhiyakake solusi sing ngemot 50 mg/mL.
Goyang kanthi apik kanggo mesthekake pembubaran lengkap. Kudu diencerake maneh sadurunge administrasi IV.
PengenceranKanggo infus IV, konsentrat encer sing ngandhut asiklovir 25 utawa 50 mg/mL kanthi larutan IV sing kompatibel (pirsani Kompatibilitas Solusi ing Stabilitas) nganti konsentrasi ≤7 mg/ mL.
Utawa, solusi encer sing dikonstitusi saka bubuk sadurunge infus IV kanthi 50-125 mL larutan infus IV sing kompatibel. (Deleng Kompatibilitas Solusi ing Stabilitas.) Kanggo pasien sing keterbatasan cairan, encerake larutan sing diencerake kanthi rasio kira-kira 1 bagean solusi sing dikonstitusi karo 9 bagean larutan infus nganti konsentrasi ≤7 mg/mL.
Tingkat AdministrasiDiwenehi kanthi infus IV kanthi tingkat konstan paling ora 1 jam. Aja menehi infus IV kanthi cepet (luwih saka 10 menit) utawa injeksi IV kanthi cepet. (Deleng Efek Renal ing Ati-ati.)
Pesthekake hidrasi sing cukup.
Dosis
Kasedhiya minangka natrium asiklovir lan asiklovir; dosis sing dituduhake ing syarat-syarat acyclovir.
Pasien Pediatrik
Infeksi Virus Herpes Simpleks (HSV) Mucocutaneous, Ocular, lan Systemic Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Perawatan saka Infeksi HSV Mucocutaneous Oral†Bocah imunokompromi: 1 g saben dina diwenehi ing 3-5 dosis dibagi kanggo 7-14 dina.
IVAnak immunocompromised <12 taun: 10 mg / kg saben 8 jam kanggo 7-14 dina.
Remaja lan bocah sing kena infeksi HIV utawa immunocompromised ≥12 taun: 5 mg/kg saben 8 jam suwene 7-14 dina. Utawa, sawise lesi wiwit mundur, coba ganti menyang asiklovir oral kanthi dosis 400 mg 3 kali saben dina lan terus nganti lesi rampung mari.
HSV Gingivostomatitis Oral†Anak sing kena HIV kanthi gingivostomatitis gejala sing entheng. : CDC lan liya-liyane nyaranake 20 mg/kg (nganti 400 mg) kaping 3 saben dina kanggo 7-14 dina.
Bocah imunokompeten: 15 mg/kg (nganti 200 mg) kaping 5 dina suwene 7 dina. wis digunakake ing sawetara bocah umur 1-6 taun.
IVBocah-bocah sing kena HIV kanthi gingivostomatitis moderat nganti abot: CDC lan liya-liyane nyaranake 5-10 mg / kg kaping 3 saben dina kanggo 7-14 dina . Coba terapi suppressive utawa pangopènan oral kronis (profilaksis sekunder) ing wong sing ngalami gingivostomatitis sing kerep utawa abot.
Terapi Suppressive utawa Maintenance Kronis (Profilaksis Sekunder) Infeksi HSV† OralBayi lan bocah sing kena HIV: 80 mg/kg saben dina (nganti 1 g saben dina) ing 3 utawa 4 dosis dibagi.
Remaja sing kena HIV: 200 mg 3 kali dina utawa 400 mg kaping pindho saben dina.
Prophylaxis Against Recurrent Ocular HSV Penyakit† LisanBocah ≥12 taun: 400 mg kaping pindho saben dina. AAP nyaranake 80 mg/kg saben dina (nganti 1 g saben dina) diwenehake ing 3 dosis dibagi.
Durasi optimal saka profilaksis ora jelas; wis dilanjutake kanggo 12-18 sasi ing studi klinis.
Perawatan saka HSV Encephalitis utawa Disseminated Disease IVBocah imunokompromi: 20 mg/kg saben 8 jam ing umur 3 sasi nganti 12 taun lan 10-15 mg/kg saben 8 jam ing umur ≥12 taun. umur. Produsen nyaranake durasi perawatan 10 dina, nanging AAP lan liya-liyane nyaranake 14-21 dina kanggo infeksi sing disebarake utawa CNS.
Bocah sing kena HIV: CDC lan liya-liyane nyaranake 10 mg/kg utawa 500 mg/m2 kaping telu saben dina suwene 21 dina.
Remaja sing kena HIV: CDC lan liya-liyane nyaranake 10 mg /kg 3 kaping saben dina kanggo 14-21 dina.
Perawatan Infeksi HSV Neonatal IVNeonatus lan bocah-bocah ≤3 sasi: Produsen nyaranake 10 mg/kg saben 8 jam kanggo 10 dina.
Neonatus lan bocah-bocah ≤3 sasi: AAP nyaranake 20 mg/kg saben 8 jam sing diwenehake sajrone 14 dina kanggo infeksi kulit, mata, utawa tutuk utawa 21 dina kanggo infeksi sing disebarake utawa CNS.
Neonatus sing kena infeksi HIV utawa -kasedhiya: CDC lan liya-liyane nyaranake 20 mg/kg 3 kali dina sing diwenehake sajrone 14 dina kanggo infeksi kulit, mata, utawa tutuk utawa 21 dina kanggo infeksi sing disebarake utawa CNS.
Nyegah Kambuh HSV ing Penerima Transplantasi Sel Induk Hematopoietik (HSCT)† OralAnak-anak HSV-seropositif: 0,6-1 g saben dina diwenehi 3-5 dosis dibagi.
Remaja HSV-seropositif: 200 mg 3 kali dina.
Miwiti profilaksis ing wiwitan terapi kahanan lan terus nganti engraftment utawa nganti mucositis mutusake (kira-kira 30 dina sawise HSCT alogenik). Profilaksis rutin kanggo >30 dina sawise HSCT ora dianjurake.
IVBocah HSV-seropositif: 250 mg/m2 saben 8 jam utawa 125 mg/m2 saben 6 jam.
Remaja HSV-seropositif: 250 mg/m2 saben 12 jam.
Miwiti profilaksis ing wiwitan terapi kahanan lan terus nganti engraftment utawa nganti mucositis mutusake (kira-kira 30 dina sawise HSCT allogeneic). Profilaksis rutin kanggo>30 dina sawise HSCT ora dianjurake.
Perawatan Herpes Genital Episode Pertama OralAnak: AAP nyaranake 40-80 mg / kg saben dina (maksimal 1 g saben dina) sing diwenehake ing 3 utawa 4 dosis dibagi kanggo 5–10 dina.
Remaja: CDC nyaranake 400 mg 3 kali dina utawa 200 mg 5 kali dina kanggo 7-10 dina; durasi bisa ditambah yen penyembuhan ora lengkap sawise 10 dina.
Remaja sing kena HIV: CDC lan liya-liyane nyaranake 20 mg/kg (nganti 400 mg) utawa 400 mg 3 kali dina kanggo 7-14 dina.
IVRemaja lan bocah-bocah ≥12 taun kanthi episode awal sing abot: 5-10 mg / kg saben 8 jam.
Produsen lan sawetara dokter nyaranake 5-7 dina IV acyclovir; CDC nyatakake yen acyclovir IV kudu diwenehi suwene 2-7 dina utawa nganti ana perbaikan klinis, disusul karo antivirus oral kanggo ngrampungake paling ora 10 dina perawatan.
Episodic Treatment of Recurrent Episodes OralRemaja: CDC nyaranake 400 mg 3 kaping saben dina kanggo 5 dina, 800 mg kaping pindho saben dina kanggo 5 dina, utawa 800 mg kaping 3 dina kanggo 2 dina.
Remaja sing kena HIV: CDC nyaranake 400 mg 3 kali dina kanggo 5-10 dina . Utawa, acyclovir bisa diwenehi suwene 7-14 dina.
Miwiti terapi episodik ing tandha prodromal paling awal utawa gejala kambuh utawa sajrone 1 dina wiwit lesi.
Penindasan Kronis Episode Kambuh OralRemaja: CDC nyaranake 400 mg kaping pindho saben dina.
Remaja sing kena HIV: CDC nyaranake 400-800 mg 2 utawa 3 kaping saben dina.
Mandek sacara periodik (contone, sawise 12 sasi utawa sapisan saben taun) kanggo ngevaluasi maneh kabutuhan terapi terus.
Infeksi Varicella-Zoster Perawatan Varicella (Chickenpox) OralBocah imunokompeten ≥2 taun: Produsen nyaranake 20 mg/kg 4 kali dina (maksimal 80 mg/kg saben dina) suwene 5 dina kanggo sing bobote ≤ 40 kg lan 800 mg 4 kali dina kanggo 5 dina ing sing bobote> 40 kg. Utawa, sawetara dokter nyaranake 20 mg / kg (nganti 800 mg) kaping 4 dina kanggo 5 dina.
Bocah sing kena HIV kanthi imunosupresi entheng lan varicella entheng: CDC lan liya-liyane nyaranake 20 mg/kg (nganti 800 mg) kaping 4 saben dina suwene 7 dina utawa nganti ora ana lesi anyar sing katon sajrone 48 jam.
Miwiti terapi kanthi tandha utawa gejala infèksi sing paling awal (sajrone 24 jam wiwit ruam).
IVAnak immunocompromised: AAP nyaranake 10 mg/kg 3 kali dina kanggo 7-10 dina kanggo sing umur <1 taun lan 500 mg/m2 kaping 3 dina kanggo 7-10 dina ing ≥1 taun. umur.
Remaja lan bocah-bocah sing imunokompromi: Sawetara dokter nyaranake 20 mg / kg saben 8 jam kanggo 7-10 dina ing umur ≤12 taun lan 10 mg / kg saben 8 jam kanggo 7 dina. > 12 taun.
Bocah-bocah sing kena HIV kanthi imunosupresi moderat utawa abot lan varicella sing ana gandhengane karo demam dhuwur utawa lesi nekrotik: CDC lan liya-liyane nyaranake 10 mg/kg kaping telu dina suwene 7 dina utawa nganti ora ana sing anyar. lesi wis katon sajrone 48 jam. Utawa, dosis 500 mg/m2 saben 8 jam wis disaranake kanggo sing umure ≥1 taun.
Remaja sing kena HIV: CDC lan liya-liyane nyaranake 10 mg/kg saben 8 jam suwene 7-10 dina. Sawise defervescence lan yen ora ana bukti keterlibatan visceral, ganti menyang acyclovir oral kanthi dosis 800 mg 4 kali dina.
Perawatan Herpes Zoster (Shingles, Zoster) OralBocah imunokompeten ≥12 taun. : 800 mg saben 4 jam 5 kaping dina (4 g saben dina) kanggo 5-10 dina.
Bocah sing kena HIV kanthi imunosupresi entheng lan varicella entheng: CDC lan liya-liyane nyaranake 20 mg/kg (nganti 800 mg) kaping 4 dina kanggo 7-10 dina.
Miwiti terapi luwih apik ing 48 jam saka wiwitan ruam.
IVAnak imunokompeten: AAP nyaranake 10 mg/kg 3 kali dina kanggo 7-10 dina kanggo sing umur <1 taun lan 500 mg/m2 kaping 3 dina kanggo 7-10 dina ing ≥1 taun. umur.
Bocah immunocompromised: 20 mg / kg saben 8 jam kanggo 7-10 dina ing umur <12 taun lan 10 mg / kg saben 8 jam kanggo 7 dina ing umur ≥12 taun. .
Anak sing kena HIV kanthi imunosupresi abot lan zoster utawa zoster multidermatomal ekstensif kanthi keterlibatan saraf trigeminal: CDC lan liya-liyane nyaranake 10 mg/kg kaping telu saben dina suwene 7-10 dina.
HIV -remaja sing kena infeksi: CDC lan liya-liyane nyaranake 10 mg/kg saben 8 jam nganti penyakit kulit lan visceral rampung.
Dewasa
Infeksi Virus Herpes Simpleks (HSV) Mucocutaneous, Ocular, lan Sistemik Perawatan Mucocutaneous Infeksi HSV Oral†Wong diwasa sing kena imunokompromi utawa kena HIV: 400 mg saben 4 jam nalika tangi (5 kaping saben dina) suwene 7-14 dina.
IVWong diwasa sing kena imunokompromi utawa kena HIV: CDC lan liya-liyane nyaranake 5 mg/kg saben 8 jam suwene 7-14 dina. Utawa, sawise lesi wiwit mundur, coba ganti menyang acyclovir oral kanthi dosis 400 mg 3 kali saben dina lan terus nganti lesi rampung waras.
Terapi Suppressive utawa Maintenance Kronis (Profilaksis Sekunder) saka Infeksi HSV† OralWong diwasa sing kena HIV: 200 mg 3 kali dina utawa 400 mg kaping pindho saben dina.
Perawatan Infeksi HSV Orolabial Oral400 mg 5 kali dina suwene 5 dina.
HIV- wong diwasa sing kena infeksi: CDC lan liya-liyane nyaranake 400 mg 3 kali dina kanggo 7-14 dina.
Perawatan Keratitis HSV† OralDewasa sing kena HIV: 400 mg 5 kali dina. Terapi jangka panjang bisa uga dibutuhake kanggo nyegah kambuh.
Prophylaxis Against Recurrent Ocular HSV Disease† OralDewasa imunokompeten: 400 mg kaping pindho saben dina. Durasi optimal saka profilaksis ora jelas; wis dilanjutake kanggo 12-18 sasi ing studi klinis.
Perawatan saka HSV Encephalitis utawa Disseminated Disease IV10-15 mg/kg saben 8 jam. Produsen nyaranake durasi perawatan 10 dina, nanging CDC lan liya-liyane nyaranake 14-21 dina kanggo infeksi sing disebarake utawa CNS.
Wong diwasa sing kena HIV: CDC lan liya-liyane nyaranake 10 mg/kg 3 kali dina kanggo 14-21 dina.
Nyegah Kambuh HSV ing Penerima Transplantasi Sel Induk Hematopoietik (HSCT)† LisanWong diwasa HSV-seropositif: 200 mg 3 kali dina diwiwiti ing wiwitan terapi kahanan lan terus nganti engraftment utawa nganti mucositis mutusake (yaiku, kira-kira 30 dina sawise HSCT allogeneic). Profilaksis rutin kanggo> 30 dina sawise HSCT ora dianjurake.
IVWong diwasa HSV-seropositif: 250 mg/m2 saben 12 jam diwiwiti ing wiwitan terapi kahanan lan terus nganti engraftment utawa nganti mucositis mutusake (yaiku, kira-kira 30). dina sawise HSCT alogenik). Profilaksis rutin kanggo >30 dina sawise HSCT ora dianjurake.
Perawatan Herpes Genital Episode Pertama OralProdusen nyaranake 200 mg saben 4 jam nalika awake (5 kaping saben dina) suwene 10 dina.
CDC lan liya-liyane nyaranake 400 mg 3 kali dina utawa 200 mg 5 kali dina kanggo 7-10 dina; durasi bisa ditambah yen penyembuhan ora lengkap sawise 10 dina.
Wong diwasa sing kena HIV: CDC lan liya-liyane nyaranake 400 mg kaping telu saben dina kanggo 7-14 dina.
IVWong diwasa kanthi abot. episode awal: 5-10 mg / kg saben 8 jam.
Produsen lan sawetara dokter nyaranake 5-7 dina IV acyclovir; CDC nyatakake yen acyclovir IV kudu diwenehi suwene 2-7 dina utawa nganti ana perbaikan klinis, diterusake karo antivirus oral kanggo ngrampungake paling ora 10 dina terapi.
Perawatan Episode Pertama Herpes Proctitis† Oral400 mg 5 kaping saben dina suwene 10 dina utawa nganti ana resolusi klinis.
Pangobatan Episodik Episode Kambuh Herpes Genital OralProdusen nyaranake 200 mg saben 4 jam nalika awake (5 kaping saben dina) sajrone 5 dina.
CDC nyaranake 400 mg 3 kali dina kanggo 5 dina, 800 mg kaping pindho saben dina kanggo 5 dina, utawa 800 mg 3 kali dina kanggo 2 dina.
Wong diwasa sing kena HIV: CDC nyaranake 400 mg 3 kali. saben dina kanggo 5-10 dina. Utawa, acyclovir bisa diwènèhaké kanggo 7-14 dina.
Miwiti terapi episodik ing tandha prodromal paling awal utawa gejala kambuh utawa ing 1 dina wiwit lesi.
Supresi Kronis Episode Kambuh Herpes Genital Oral400 mg kaping pindho saben dina; alternatif, 200 mg 3-5 kaping dina.
Wong diwasa sing kena HIV: 400–800 mg 2 utawa 3 kaping saben dina.
Banjur mandheg sacara periodik (contone, sawise 12 sasi utawa sapisan saben taun) kanggo ngevaluasi maneh kabutuhan terapi terus.
Infeksi Varicella-Zoster Perawatan Varicella (Cacar) Oral20 mg/kg (nganti 800 mg) kaping 4 dina suwene 5 dina.
Miwiti terapi kanthi tandha utawa gejala infèksi sing paling awal (sajrone 24 jam wiwit ruam).
IV, banjur OralDewasa sing kena infeksi HIV utawa immunocompromised: CDC lan liya-liyane nyaranake 10 mg/kg saben 8 jam suwene 7-10 dina. Sawise defervescence lan yen ora ana bukti keterlibatan visceral, ganti menyang acyclovir oral kanthi dosis 800 mg 4 kali dina.
Perawatan Herpes Zoster (Shingles, Zoster) Oral800 mg saben 4 jam (5 kaping saben dina) kanggo 7-10 dina.
Miwiti terapi luwih becik sajrone 48 jam wiwit ruam.
IVWong diwasa sing kena infeksi HIV utawa immunocompromised: CDC lan liya-liyane nyaranake 10 mg/kg saben 8 jam suwene 7 dina utawa nganti penyakit kulit lan visceral pulih.
Perawatan Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus† OralDewasa imunokompeten: 600 mg saben 4 jam 5 kaping dina (3 g saben dina) suwene 10 dina.
Miwiti terapi sajrone 72 jam (nanging ora luwih saka 7 dina) sawise muncule ruam.
IV, banjur LisanWong diwasa sing kena HIV: 10 mg/kg IV 3 kali dina suwene 7 dina banjur 800 mg oral 3-5 kali dina wis digunakake.
Perawatan Herpes Zoster Dermatomal† OralWong diwasa sing duwe kekebalan: 800 mg 5 kaping saben dina kanggo 10 dina wis digunakake, nanging CDC lan liyane nyaranake famciclovir lisan utawa valacyclovir kanggo infèksi dermal lokal ing individu sing kena HIV.
Watesan Resep
Pasien Anak< /h4> Oral
Maksimum 20 mg/kg 4 kali dina (1 g saben dina) ing bocah ≥2 taun bobote ≤40 kg.
IVMaksimum 20 mg/kg saben 8 jam.
Dewasa
Oral800 mg saben dosis.
IVMaksimum 20 mg/kg saben 8 jam.
Populasi Khusus
Gangguan Ginjal
Penyesuaian Dosis Oral Biasa Dosis Oral ing Gagal Ginjal403Rejimen Dosis Biasa
Clcr (mL/min saben 1,73 m2)
Rejimen Dosis sing Disetel
200 mg saben 4 jam 5 kaping dina
>10
Ora perlu pangaturan
0–10
200 mg saben 12 jam
400 mg saben 12 jam
>10
Ora perlu pangaturan
0–10
200 mg saben 12 jam
800 mg saben 4 jam 5 kaping saben dina
>25
Ora perlu pangaturan
10–25
800 mg saben 8 jam
0–10
800 mg saben 12 jam
HemodialisisWokake dosis oral tambahan sanalika sawise saben periode dialisis.
Dialisis PeritonealDosis tambahan ora katon perlu.
Penyesuaian Biasane Dosis IV Dosis IV ing Gagal Ginjal409Clcr (mL/min saben 1,73 m2)
Persen Dosis sing Disaranake
Interval Dosis (jam)
>50
100%
8
25–50
100%
12
10–25
100%
24
0–10
50%
24
HemodialisisSesuaikan jadwal dosis supaya dosis tambahan IV diberikan langsung setelah setiap periode dialisis.
p> CAPDDosis tambahan katon ora perlu.
Regimen Dosis Alternatif IV kanggo Penyakit Ginjal Tahap Akhir93–185 mg/m2 minangka dosis muatan, disusul dosis pangopènan 35–70 mg/m2 saben 8 jam, lan 56–185 mg/m2 sanalika sawise dialisis.
250–500 mg/m2 minangka dosis loading, banjur dosis pangopènan 250–500 mg/m2 saben 48 jam, lan 150–500 mg/m2 sanalika sawise dialisis.
2,5 mg/kg saben 24 jam lan 2,5 mg/kg sawise saben periode dialisis.
Pasien sing kena infeksi HIV kanthi Gagal Fungsi Ginjal ( Administrasi Oral) Dosis Oral kanggo Pasien sing Infèksi HIV kanthi Gangguan Fungsi Ginjal (Adhedhasar Dosis Biasane 200–800 mg Saben 4–6 Jam)411Clcr (mL/min saben 1,73 m2)
Regimen dosis sing wis diatur
>80
Ora perlu pangaturan
50–80
200–800 mg saben 6–8 jam
25– 50
200–800 mg saben 8–12 jam
10–25
200–800 mg saben 12–24 jam
<10
200–400 mg saben 24 jam
HemodialisisWenehi tambahan dosis oral biasa sawise saben periode dialisis.
Pasien sing kena HIV kanthi Gagal Fungsi Ginjal (Administrasi IV) Dosis IV kanggo Pasien sing kena HIV sing Gagal Fungsi Ginjal (Adhedhasar Dosis Biasa 5 mg/kg Saben 8 jam)409411Clcr (mL/min saben 1,73 m2)
Rejimen Dosis sing Disetel
>80
Ora perlu pangaturan
50–80
Ora perlu pangaturan
25–50
5 mg/kg saben 12–24 jam
10 –25
5 mg/kg saben 12-24 jam
<10
2,5 mg/kg saben 24 jam
HemodialisisSetel jadwal dosis supaya saben dina IV dosis diwenehi sawise hemodialisis ing dina dialisis.
Pasien Geriatri
Pamilihan dosis sing ati-ati; nyuda dosis bisa uga dibutuhake amarga umur-related sudo ing fungsi ginjel. (Deleng Panggunaan Geriatrik ing Ati-ati.)
Pasien Obesitas
Gunakake bobot awak sing cocog kanggo nemtokake dosis IV.
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget/PanandhapPènget
Efek Renal
Tambah BUN lan/utawa Scr, anuria, lan hematuria wis dilaporake. Tambah transien ing BUN lan/utawa Scr lan nyuda Clcr sing dilapurake ing pasien sing nampa acyclovir IV, utamane sawise infus IV kanthi cepet (luwih saka 10 menit).
Urine sing ora normal (tambah unsur sing dibentuk ing sedimen urin) lan nyeri utawa tekanan nalika nguyuh jarang dilapurake nganggo acyclovir IV.
Gagal ginjal, sing nyebabake pati, wis kedadeyan.
Kemungkinan presipitasi acyclovir ing tubulus ginjal, nyebabake karusakan tubular ginjel lan gagal ginjal akut, nalika kelarutan acyclovir gratis ing saluran pengumpul ngluwihi utawa sawise administrasi IV kanthi cepet.
Resiko efek ngenani babagan ginjel nalika terapi IV gumantung saka tingkat hidrasi, output urin, terapi bebarengan (yaiku, obat nefrotoksik), penyakit ginjel sing wis ana, lan tingkat administrasi (pirsani Tingkat Administrasi miturut Dosis lan Administrasi).
Owah-owahan ing fungsi ginjel sajrone terapi acyclovir IV bisa berkembang dadi gagal ginjal akut nanging umume bisa kedadeyan lan pulih kanthi spontan utawa sawise hidrasi lan keseimbangan elektrolit sing luwih apik, penyesuaian dosis, utawa mandhegake obat kasebut.
Efek HematologiBerpotensi. fatal thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome kacarita ing patients immunocompromised nampa acyclovir.
Pancegahan Umum
Efek Sistem SarafKamungkinan efek encephalopathic (contone, lesu, obtundation, tremor, kebingungan, halusinasi, agitasi, kejang, koma) ing pasien sing nampa acyclovir IV.
Gunakake kanthi ati-ati ing pasien kanthi kelainan neurologis sing ndasari lan ing wong sing duwe kelainan ginjel, ati, utawa elektrolit sing serius utawa hipoksia substansial.
Efek LokalReaksi inflamasi lokal sing abot, kalebu nekrosis jaringan, wis kedadeyan sawise infus acyclovir menyang jaringan ekstravaskular.
Kandungan SodiumSalt sodium acyclovir ngandhut 4,2 mEq sodium saben gram acyclovir.
Populasi Spesifik
KandhutanKategori B.
CDC, AAP, lan liya-liyane nyatakake yen acyclovir oral bisa digunakake sajrone meteng kanggo nambani episode pisanan utawa episode herpes genital berulang sing abot lan Acyclovir IV bisa digunakake nalika meteng kanggo nambani infeksi HSV sing abot (utamane infèksi nyebar sing ngancam nyawa). CDC lan liya-liyane uga nyaranake acyclovir kanggo perawatan varicella nalika meteng, utamane ing trimester kapindho lan katelu.
LaktasiDistribusi menyang susu sawise administrasi oral utawa IV. Gunakake kanthi ati-ati.
Wanita kanthi lesi herpetik aktif ing cedhak utawa ing dhadha kudu ora nyusoni.
Panggunaan PediatrikKeamanan lan khasiat acyclovir oral sing ora ditetepake ing bocah-bocah <2 taun.
Panggunaan GeriatrikKanggo perawatan herpes zoster (shingles, zoster), ora ana bedane substansial ing khasiat acyclovir oral relatif marang wong diwasa sing luwih enom, nanging durasi nyeri sawise waras bisa uga luwih suwe ing pasien geriatri.
Pengalaman sing ora cukup ing pasien umur ≥65 taun kanggo nemtokake manawa pasien geriatrik nanggapi beda karo acyclovir IV tinimbang wong diwasa sing luwih enom.
Pilih dosis kanthi ati-ati amarga fungsi ginjel sing ana hubungane karo umur mudhun lan potensial kanggo penyakit bebarengan lan terapi obat. Coba ngawasi fungsi ginjel.
Mungkin tambah insiden efek CNS sing ora becik (koma, kebingungan, halusinasi, ngantuk), efek GI (mual, muntah), utawa pusing nalika terapi acyclovir oral dibandhingake karo wong diwasa sing luwih enom.
p> Gagal HepatikGunakake kanthi ati-ati.
Gagal GinjalTurunan reresik asiklovir. Tambah risiko efek ngenani babagan ginjel lan encephalopathic.
Setel dosis kanggo nyegah akumulasi obat, nyuda resiko keracunan, lan njaga konsentrasi obat plasma sing nyukupi. (Deleng Gagal Ginjal ing Dosis lan Administrasi.)
Efek Umum sing Sabar
Kanthi terapi oral, mual lan/utawa muntah lan diare. Kanthi terapi IV, reaksi lokal ing situs injeksi (peradangan, phlebitis).
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Acyclovir (Systemic)
Agen Nefrotoksik
Potensi interaksi farmakodinamik (tambah risiko disfungsi ginjel lan/utawa manifestasi CNS sing bisa dibaleni); nggunakake concomitantly karo ati-ati.
Obat Spesifik
Obat
Interaksi
Komentar
Interferon
Aditif utawa efek antivirus sinergis marang HSV-1 in vitro
Klinis ora dingerteni; nggunakake kanthi ati-ati
Methotrexate
Produsen nyatakake yen asiklovir IV kudu digunakake kanthi ati-ati ing pasien sing nampa methotrexate intratekal
Probenecid
Penurunan reresik ginjel saka acyclovir
Zidovudine
Neurotoxicity (ngantuk banget, lesu) sing dilapurake ing paling ora 1 pasien
Ngawasi pasien kanthi teliti sajrone terapi bebarengan
Disclaimer
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