Adenovirus Vaccine
Jeneng merek: Adenovirus Type 4 And Type 7 Vaccine Live Oral
Kelas obat:
Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Adenovirus Vaccine
Nyegah Penyakit Pernafasan Adenovirus
Nyegah penyakit pernapasan akut febrile sing disebabake dening adenovirus tipe 4 lan tipe 7. Dilabeli dening FDA kanggo digunakake ing populasi militer 17 nganti 50 taun; ora kasedhiya kanggo komersial kanggo digunakake ing individu liyane. (Deleng Distribusi Watesan ing Dosis lan Administrasi.)
Adenovirus, utamane adenovirus tipe 4 lan tipe 7, umume nyebabake penyakit pernapasan akut (contone, irung meler, mriyang, lara tenggorokan, masalah ambegan, batuk, sirah, bronkitis, bronkitis). Serotipe adenovirus tartamtu nyebabake penyakit liyane (umpamane, konjungtivitis, keratoconjunctivitis, otitis media, gastroenteritis, cystitis). Infeksi sing disebarake utawa sing ngancam nyawa bisa kedadeyan (contone, radhang paru-paru abot, hepatitis, meningitis, encephalitis). Adenovirus nyebar saka wong menyang wong liwat kontak langsung, transmisi droplet ambegan, utawa panganan lan/utawa banyu sing kontaminasi feces. Fomites uga bisa ditularake amarga adenovirus tahan suwe ing njaba awak, kalebu ing permukaan lingkungan, lan ora biasa stabil nalika kena pengaruh kimia lan fisik utawa kondisi pH sing ala.
Rekrut militèr tambah risiko nandhang penyakit pernapasan akut sajrone latihan dhasar amarga sawetara faktor, kalebu turu sing cedhak lan lingkungan latihan ing ngendi transmisi patogen ambegan difasilitasi, jemaah wong diwasa enom sing teka saka distribusi geografis sing wiyar. mlebu latihan dhasar sing nggawa patogen sing bisa ditularake menyang wong liya sing rentan kanthi imunologis, lan stres latihan dhasar lan operasi militer. Adenovirus, utamane adenovirus tipe 4 lan tipe 7, minangka panyebab penyakit pernapasan akut sing didokumentasikake kanthi apik ing rekrut militer; adenovirus dilaporake nyebabake 50-80% kasus penyakit pernapasan akut ing populasi iki. Wabah penyakit sing gegandhengan karo adenovirus uga dumadi ing populasi liyane (contone, wabah sing gegandhengan karo perawatan kesehatan), nanging kombinasi transmisi terus-terusan lan tingkat serangan sing relatif dhuwur lan bisa diprediksi saka penyakit pernapasan sing gegandhengan karo adenovirus katon unik kanggo trainee dhasar militer. p>
Departemen Pertahanan AS (DOD) mbutuhake kabeh rekrutan militer AS sing umure 17 nganti 50 taun nampa dosis siji vaksin adenovirus tipe 4 lan tipe 7 kanthi lisan ing kesempatan paling awal nalika teka ing latihan entri awal ( latihan militèr dhasar), kajaba contraindicated (ndeleng Contraindications ing Cautions). Bisa uga disaranake kanggo personel militer liyane sing duwe risiko dhuwur kanggo infeksi adenovirus, nanging ora dibutuhake kanggo kader sing kerja ing situs latihan dhasar sing terdaftar.
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Carane nggunakake Adenovirus Vaccine
Umum
Distribusi Watesan
Dikembangake khusus kanggo digunakake ing populasi militer. Dilabeli dening FDA kanggo digunakake ing populasi militer 17 nganti 50 taun; ora kasedhiya kanggo digunakake ing populasi liyane.
Administrasi
Administrasi Lisan
Administrasi oral minangka 2 tablet kapisah: siji tablet ngemot komponen vaksin adenovirus tipe 4 lan siji tablet ngemot komponen vaksin adenovirus tipe 7.
Tablet ngemot adenovirus urip ing njero lapisan enterik; dirancang kanggo ngliwati weteng utuh lan ngeculake virus vaksin urip ing usus. Ngulu tablet wutuh; aja ngunyah utawa ngremuk. Yen tablet dikunyah, adenovirus bakal dirilis cepet banget lan bisa mbukak saluran pernapasan ndhuwur kanggo virus vaksin urip lan nyebabake penyakit adenovirus.
Kanggo nggampangake ngulu tablet vaksin lan nyuda resiko ngunyah sing ora disengaja, njupuk tablet kanthi banyu sithik. Kaloro tablet vaksin kasebut bisa ditelan bebarengan utawa ditelan kanthi kapisah, siji-sijine, endi wae sing luwih gampang ditindakake tanpa dikunyah.
Yen tablet vaksin ora sengaja dikunyah, mbusak vaksin saka tutuk kanthi swishing lan ngulu sawetara sips banyu, banjur swishing antiseptic mouthwash kanggo 30 detik lan banjur muntahake mouthwash bekas menyang wadhah. Coba bahan biohazardous mouthwash digunakake lan nangani lan mbuwang miturut pedoman lokal. Pitutur marang wong sing ora sengaja ngunyah tablet supaya golek perawatan medis yen ngalami gejala demam utawa infeksi pernapasan lan ngandhani dokter babagan tablet sing dikunyah.
Tunda administrasi tablet vaksin kanggo wong sing muntah lan/utawa diare. (Deleng Penyakit Sesarengan ing Ati-ati.)
Bisa diwenehi bebarengan karo utawa ing interval apa wae sadurunge utawa sawise vaksin liyane. (Deleng Vaksin ing Interaksi.)
Dosis
Dewasa
Nyegah Penyakit Pernafasan Adenovirus Personil Militer 17 nganti 50 Taun OralAdministrasi minangka dosis tunggal sing kalebu saka siji tablet komponen adenovirus tipe 4 lan siji tablet komponen adenovirus tipe 7. (Deleng Preparasi kanggo katrangan isi tablet.)
Suwene pangayoman ora ditemtokake; revaccination utawa dosis tambahan ora dianjurake.
Populasi Khusus
Gangguan Hepatik
Ora ana rekomendasi dosis khusus.
Gangguan Ginjal
Ora ana rekomendasi dosis khusus.
Pasien Geriatrik
Ora dituduhake ing wong diwasa>50 taun, kalebu wong diwasa geriatrik.
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget/Panandhap Morbiditas lan Mortalitas Janin/Neonatal
Infeksi adenovirus alami nalika meteng wis digandhengake karo cilaka janin. Ora dingerteni manawa vaksin adenovirus bisa nyebabake cilaka janin. (Deleng Pregnancy ing Cautions.)
Contraindicated ing wanita ngandhut; nyegah meteng paling sethithik 6 minggu sawise vaksinasi.
Amarga vaksin ngeculake virus vaksin urip nganti 28 dina sawise vaksinasi lan amarga ana kemungkinan cilaka janin yen wanita ngandhut kena adenovirus, menehi saran marang panampa vaksin supaya nggunakake ati-ati kanggo 28 dina sawise vaksinasi yen ing kontak cedhak karo wanita ngandhut.
Individu sing nduweni Kompetensi Imunisasi sing Diowahi
Keamanan lan kesahihan ora ditetepake ing wong sing duwe immunocompromised.
Komite Penasihat Layanan Kesehatan Umum AS babagan Praktek Imunisasi (ACIP) nyatakake yen individu kanthi immunocompetence sing diowahi umume kudu ora nampa vaksin urip amarga wong-wong iki bisa nambah risiko reaksi salabetipun kanggo vaksin kasebut lan bisa uga kurang utawa kurang respon imun kanggo vaksin. Para ahli kasebut nyatakake yen nggunakake vaksin virus urip bisa dianggep ing pasien leukemia, limfoma, utawa penyakit ganas liyane yen penyakit kasebut ana ing remisi lan kemoterapi diakhiri paling sethithik 3 sasi sadurunge vaksinasi. (Deleng Agen Imunosupresif ing Interaksi.)
Badan Vaksin Militer Angkatan Darat AS (MILVAX) nyatakake yen vaksin adenovirus ora dikontraindikasi kanggo wong sing kena HIV lan pemeriksaan rutin kanggo HIV sadurunge administrasi vaksin ora perlu.
Transmisi Virus Vaksin
Vaksin Adenovirus ngandhut adenovirus urip; virus vaksin diwutahake ing bangkekan panampa vaksin lan bisa ditularake lan nyebabake penyakit ing kontak sing cedhak.
Pembuangan feses wis dideteksi ing dina 7 sawise vaksinasi lan bisa nganti 28 dina sawise vaksinasi. Ing sawijining panaliten, 27 utawa 60% saka vaksin ngeculake virus vaksin adenovirus tipe 4 utawa tipe 7, masing-masing, ing bangkekan; virus vaksin ora dideteksi ing feces saka individu kasebut kanthi 28 dina sawise vaksinasi lan ora dideteksi ing tenggorokan wong sing wis divaksinasi.
Ati-ati dianjurake kanggo 28 dina sawise vaksinasi yen vaksin ana ing kontak cedhak karo bocah < Umur 7 taun, individu immunocompromised, utawa wanita ngandhut (pirsani Fetal/Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality under Cautions).
Kanggo nyilikake potensial transmisi virus vaksin, vaksin kudu nggunakake langkah-langkah higienis (contone, kerep ngumbah tangan, utamane sawise ngobati usus) suwene 28 dina sawise vaksinasi.
Risiko Agen Transmisi ing Preparasi sing Diturunake Plasma
Vaksin Adenovirus ngandhut albumin manungsa. Amarga albumin manungsa disiapake saka getih manungsa, iki minangka kendaraan potensial kanggo transmisi virus manungsa lan ana risiko teoritis kanggo nularake agen penyebab penyakit Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD). Praktek skrining donor sing luwih apik lan prosedur eliminasi / inaktivasi virus wis nyebabake persiapan sing asale saka plasma kanthi risiko panularan virus sing suda banget. Ora ana kasus panularan virus utawa CJD sing diidentifikasi kanggo manungsa albumin sing asale saka plasma.
Penyakit sing bebarengan
Tunda vaksinasi ing wong sing muntah lan/utawa diare; efektifitas vaksin gumantung saka replikasi virus vaksin urip ing usus.
ACIP nyatakake nundha vaksinasi ing wong sing nandhang penyakit akut sing moderat utawa abot (kanthi utawa tanpa mriyang) nganti dheweke pulih supaya ora ngalami efek samping vaksin ing penyakit sing ndasari utawa supaya ora salah nyimpulake yen manifestasi kasebut. saka penyakit sing ndasari amarga vaksinasi.
Batesan Efektivitas Vaksin
Mungkin ora nglindhungi kabeh panampa vaksin marang infeksi adenovirus; ora bakal menehi pangayoman marang serotipe liyane sing ora dituduhake ing vaksin (contone, jinis adenovirus 3, C, 14, 21).
Durasi Kekebalan
Suwene pangayoman ora ditemtokake; revaccination utawa dosis tambahan ora dianjurake.
Panyimpenan lan Penanganan sing ora bener
Panyimpenan utawa penanganan vaksin sing ora bener bisa nyuda potensi vaksin sing nyebabake nyuda utawa ora nyukupi respon imun ing vaksin.
Priksa kabeh vaksin nalika dikirim lan monitor sajrone panyimpenan kanggo mesthekake yen suhu cocok wis maintained. (Deleng Panyimpenan ing Stabilitas.)
Aja menehi vaksin sing salah ditangani utawa ora disimpen ing suhu sing disaranake. Yen ana uneg-uneg babagan salah ditangani, hubungi pabrikan utawa departemen imunisasi utawa kesehatan negara utawa lokal kanggo panuntun dhumateng apa vaksin bisa digunakake.
Populasi Tertentu
KandhutanKontraindikasi kanggo wanita ngandhut; nyegah meteng paling sethithik 6 minggu sawise vaksinasi. (Waca Fetal/Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality under Cautions.)
Ana 5 meteng sing dilapurake ing antarane wanita sing didaftarkan ing studi klinis sing ngevaluasi vaksin ing rekrut militer AS ≥17 taun. Sekawan wanita kasebut (3 panampa vaksin lan 1 panampa plasebo) dikira-kira wis ngandhut 2-13 dina sadurunge vaksinasi; wanita liyane (panrima vaksin) ngandhut kira-kira 21 minggu sawise vaksinasi. Kabeh 5 wanita nglairake bayi sing sehat kanthi kira-kira umur gestasi 36-40 minggu.
Data ora kasedhiya babagan efek vaksin marang tenaga kerja lan pangiriman. Virus vaksin sing diwutahake ing bangkekan nalika nglairake bisa nyebabake panularan virus vaksin menyang bayi.
LaktasiOra dingerteni manawa vaksin adenovirus disebarake menyang susu manungsa.
Produsen nyatakake nggunakake kanthi ati-ati nalika nyusoni wanita; sawetara ahli negara ora digunakake ing nursing wanita.
Panggunaan PediatrikKeamanan lan khasiat ora ditetepake ing bayi lan bocah <17 taun.
Wong diwasa 51 nganti 64 TaunOra dituduhake ing wong diwasa 51 nganti 64 taun.
Panggunaan GeriatrikKeamanan lan khasiat ora ditetepake ing wong diwasa ≥65 taun.
Studi klinis ora kalebu individu ≥65 taun; data ora kasedhiya kanggo nemtokake manawa wong geriatri nanggapi beda karo wong diwasa sing luwih enom.
Efek Umum sing Saru
Infeksi saluran napas ndhuwur, sirah, hidung tersumbat, nyeri pharyngolaryngeal (tenggorokan), watuk, artralgia, efek GI (nyeri abdomen, mual, diare, muntah).
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Adenovirus Vaccine
Vaksin
Sinau khusus ora kasedhiya kanggo ngevaluasi apa administrasi bebarengan karo vaksin liyane mengaruhi respon imunologis utawa efek salabetipun. Bisa diwenehake bebarengan karo utawa ing interval apa wae sadurunge utawa sawise vaksin liyane, kalebu vaksin virus urip liyane.
Wis disuntik bebarengan karo vaksin liyane sing ngandhut difteri, tetanus, pertusis, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, human papillomavirus, influenza, campak, gondongan, rubella, meningokokus, poliovirus, varicella, typhoid, utawa antigen demam kuning. .
Obat Spesifik
Obat
Interaksi
Komentar
Agen imunosupresif (contone, agen alkilasi, antimetabolit , kortikosteroid, radiasi)
Potensi kanggo nyuda utawa suboptimal respon antibodi kanggo vaksin
Vaksin virus urip umume contraindicated ing sing nampa dosis dhuwur saka kortikosteroid sistemik utawa nalika imunosupresi dumadi karo terapi kortikosteroid topikal sing dawa.
Interval paling optimal antarane mungkasi terapi imunosupresif lan administrasi vaksin virus urip sing ora ditemtokake; umume nundha vaksin virus urip paling sethithik 3 sasi sawise terapi imunosupresif mandheg, kalebu kemoterapi utawa radiasi kanggo leukemia, keganasan hematopoietik liyane, utawa tumor padhet, utawa sawise transplantasi organ padhet
Terapi kortikosteroid sistemik (prednison utawa setara) ing dosis ≥2 mg / kg saben dina utawa ≥20 mg saben dina sing diwenehake kanggo ≥2 minggu dianggep minangka imunosupresif; tundha administrasi vaksin virus urip paling sethithik 1 sasi sawise terapi kasebut mandheg
Terapi kortikosteroid sing melu jangka pendek (<2 minggu), terapi sistemik dosis rendah nganti moderat (<20 mg prednison utawa padha karo saben dina); long-term, terapi sistemik dina sulih nggunakake obat-obatan short-acting; dosis fisiologis pangopènan (terapi panggantos); terapi topikal (contone, kulit, ophthalmic); inhalasi; utawa injeksi intra-artikular, bursal, utawa tendon umume ora contraindicated nggunakake vaksin virus urip
Disclaimer
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