Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) (Equine)
Kelas obat: Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) (Equine)
Latrodectus mactans Envenomation
Pengobatan gejala akibat gigitan laba-laba black widow (Latrodectus mactans).
Bisa nyepetake durasi gejala lan nyuda kabutuhan rawat inap.
Konsultasi karo ahli sing duwe pengalaman ngobati envenomasi laba-laba randha ireng dianjurake kanggo nuntun keputusan perawatan babagan pasien individu.
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Carane nggunakake Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) (Equine)
Umum
Tes Sensitivitas lan Desensitisasi
Administrasi
Administrasi kanthi injeksi IM utawa infus IV alon. Infus IV luwih disenengi kanggo envenomasi laba-laba randha ireng sing abot utawa nalika pasien <12 taun utawa ing kejut.
Administrasi IM
Reconstitute vial saka bubuk lyophilized karo 2,5 ml diluent steril kasedhiya dening pabrikan utawa 2,5 ml banyu steril kanggo injeksi; goyangake vial (karo jarum diluent isih ana ing stopper karet) nganti isine larut.
Mlakuake injeksi IM ing paha anterolateral; iki ngidini tourniquet kanggo Applied yen reaksi sistemik salabetipun dumadi.
IV Administration
Aja ngatur IV undiluted; ora diwènèhaké kanthi injeksi utawa infus IV kanthi cepet. (Deleng Sensitivitas Langsung utawa Anafilaksis ing Ati-ati.)
Reconstitute vial saka wêdakakêna lyophilized karo 2,5 mL saka steril diluent diwenehake dening pabrik utawa 2,5 ml banyu steril kanggo injeksi; goyangake vial (karo jarum pelarut isih ana ing stopper karet) nganti isine larut.
Encerake antivenin sing wis direkonstitusi ing 10-50 mL injeksi natrium klorida 0,9%. Utawa, antivenin reconstituted wis diencerke ing 50-100 ml injeksi natrium klorida 0,9%.
Tingkat administrasiDosis infus luwih saka 15 menit. Utawa, dosis wis infus liwat 20-60 menit.
Dosis
Dosis biasane ditulis miturut jumlah vial.
Pasien Anak
Latrodectus mactans Envenomation IM utawa IVSingle 1- dosis vial. Gejala biasane ilang sajrone 1-3 jam.
Dosis 1-botol kapindho bisa uga dibutuhake ing sawetara pasien.
Dewasa
Latrodectus mactans Envenomation IM utawa IVSingle 1 - dosis vial. Gejala biasane ilang sajrone 1-3 jam.
Dosis 1-botol kapindho bisa uga dibutuhake ing sawetara pasien.
Populasi Khusus
Ora ana rekomendasi dosis populasi khusus.
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget/PanandhapReaksi Sensitivitas
Ngandhut immunoglobulin saka serum jaran sing diimunisasi nganggo racun laba-laba randha ireng (L. mactans). (Deleng Tindakan.)
Sadurungé administrasi, priksa kanthi ati-ati babagan paparan preparat sing ngandhut serum kuda utawa riwayat alergi. tes kulit utawa konjungtiva). (Deleng Tes Sensitivitas lan Desensitisasi ing Dosis lan Administrasi.) Reaksi anafilaksis marang antivenin isih bisa kedadeyan ing pasien kanthi kulit negatif utawa tes sensitivitas konjungtiva.
Sensitivitas Langsung utawa AnafilaksisReaksi sensitivitas langsung (contone, kejut, anafilaksis). , reaksi anafilaktoid, urtikaria) kacarita arang banget. Bisa berkembang ing sawetara menit sawise wiwitan utawa sajrone administrasi; bisa uga kalebu kuwatir; siram; pruritus; urtikaria; busung ing pasuryan, ilat lan tenggorokan; watuk; dyspnea; bronkospasme; sianosis; muntah; hipotensi; ambruk kardiovaskuler.
Risiko bisa tambah ing wong sing sensitivitas atopik marang jaran.
Kacarita fatalitas sing ana hubungane karo reaksi hipersensitivitas abot (bronkospasme abot, anafilaksis abot sing nyebabake serangan jantung); paling ora 1 kasus kedadeyan sawise administrasi IV antivenin sing ora diencerake kanthi cepet (pirsani Administrasi IV miturut Dosis lan Administrasi). Reaksi anafilaksis lan pati kacarita ing pasien kanthi riwayat asma.
Ngawasi kanthi terus-terusan kanggo reaksi sensitivitas langsung; duwe peralatan sing cocog kanggo pangopènan saluran napas sing nyukupi lan langkah-langkah pendukung liyane lan epinefrin utawa agen liyane kanggo perawatan anafilaksis utawa reaksi sistemik abot liyane sing kasedhiya.
Yen reaksi sensitivitas langsung abot, langsung mandhegake administrasi antivenin, paling ora kanggo sementara, lan miwiti terapi sing cocog (umpamane, epinefrin, antihistamin, cairan IV, agen vasopresor IV, pangopènan saluran napas sing nyukupi, oksigen) minangka dituduhake.
Reaksi sensitivitas langsung biasane bisa ditindakake kanthi ngganggu administrasi antivenin (utawa nyuda tingkat administrasi) lan menehi antihistamin lan/utawa epinefrin. Yen administrasi diganggu sauntara lan banjur diuripake maneh sawise reaksi dikontrol, baleni maneh kanthi kecepatan sing luwih alon.
Hipersensitivitas Tertunda utawa Reaksi SerumPenyakit serum kacarita arang banget.
Malaise, mriyang, urtikaria, limfadenopati, busung, arthralgia, mual, lan mutahke minangka manifestasi biasa saka penyakit serum; biasane katon ing 2-14 dina sawise dosis antivenin.
Ngawasi tandha lan gejala penyakit serum rata-rata 8-12 dina sawise dosis.
Sanajan khasiat ora ditetepake kanthi jelas kanggo perawatan envenomasi utawa kejut racun, kortikosteroid lan antihistamin minangka perawatan pilihan umum kanggo reaksi penyakit serum sing serius.
Alergi ThimerosalNgandhut thimerosal, sing ngandhut merkuri. pengawet. Cairan 1:10 saka serum kuda normal sing diwenehake dening pabrikan kanggo tes sensitivitas uga ngandhut thimerosal. (Deleng Thimerosal Precautions ing Cautions.)
Reaksi hipersensitivitas kanggo thimerosal sing ana ing vaksin kacarita arang banget. Reaksi kasebut biasane diwujudake minangka reaksi hipersensitivitas lokal, jinis telat (umpamane, eritema, bengkak), nanging reaksi umum sing diwujudake minangka pruritus lan ruam maculopapular eritematous ing kabeh 4 ekstremitas wis kacarita arang banget. Sanajan tes patch utawa intradermal kanggo sensitivitas thimerosal positif, umume wong sing nampa vaksin sing ngemot thimerosal ora ngalami reaksi hipersensitivitas kasebut.
Timerosal Pancegahan
Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) (kuda) lan serum kuda normal sing disedhiyakake dening pabrikan kanggo tes sensitivitas ngemot merkuri ing wangun etil merkuri saka thimerosal, pengawet sing ngandhut merkuri.
Saben vial antivenin lyophilized (Latrodectus mactans) (kuda) lan saben vial 1:10 normal equine serum ngandhut 0,01% thimerosal (1:10.000) minangka pengawet (50 mcg merkuri/mL).
Mung data toksikologi winates sing kasedhiya babagan etil merkuri; keracunan neurologis lan ginjel sing ana gandhengane karo dosis dhuwur lan eksposur akut kanggo metil merkuri. Ngembangake janin lan bocah cilik, utamane neonatus lan bayi <6 sasi, paling beresiko keracunan merkuri.
Sanajan wis disaranake yen thimerosal ditambahake minangka pengawet utawa digunakake sajrone proses manufaktur vaksin utawa produk sing asale saka plasma kanthi teoritis bisa duweni efek sing ora becik ing panampa, ora ana bukti konklusif yen konsentrasi thimerosal sing kurang. ing vaksin nyebabake cilaka ing panampa vaksin. Upaya kanggo ngilangi utawa nyuda konten thimerosal ing produk kasebut disaranake minangka langkah sing wicaksana kanggo nyuda paparan merkuri ing bayi lan bocah-bocah lan minangka bagean saka strategi sakabehe kanggo nyuda paparan merkuri saka kabeh sumber, kalebu panganan lan obat-obatan.
Populasi Tertentu
KandhutanKategori C.
Wis digunakake ing wanita ngandhut tanpa efek samping sing ora biasa.
LaktasiOra dingerteni manawa disebarake menyang susu. Gunakake kanthi ati-ati ing wanita sing nyusoni.
Panggunaan PediatrikKeslametan lan khasiat ora diteliti sacara khusus. Wis digunakake ing bocah-bocah tanpa efek samping sing ora biasa.
Panggunaan GeriatrikOra ana bukti respon sing beda antarane wong diwasa geriatrik lan pasien sing luwih enom. Amarga tambah risiko komplikasi envenomasi ing wong diwasa geriatrik, gunakake antivenin ing pasien sing umure luwih saka 60 taun yen dituduhake.
Efek Umum sing Sabar
Reaksi sensitivitas, kram otot.
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Antivenin (Latrodectus mactans) (Equine)
Data ora kasedhiya babagan interaksi obat.
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