Atracurium
Kelas obat: Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Atracurium
Relaksasi Otot Balung
Produksi relaksasi otot rangka sajrone operasi sawise anestesi umum wis diinduksi.
Fasilitas intubasi endotrakeal; Nanging, agen pamblokiran neuromuskular kanthi tumindak kanthi cepet (umpamane, succinylcholine, rocuronium) umume luwih disenengi ing kahanan darurat nalika intubasi cepet dibutuhake.
Uga wis digunakake kanggo nggampangake ventilasi mekanik ing ICU. Wis diwenehi minangka infus IV terus nganti 10 dina ing setelan iki. Nalika agen pamblokiran neuromuskular digunakake ing ICU, nimbang keuntungan tinimbang risiko terapi kasebut lan evaluasi pasien kanthi rutin kanggo nemtokake kabutuhan lumpuh terus. (Deleng Setelan Perawatan Intensif ing Cautions.)
Dibandhingake karo agen pamblokiran neuromuskular liyane, atracurium nduweni onset penengah lan durasi tumindak; nuduhake efek kardiovaskular minimal; lan duwe minimal, yen ana, efek kumulatif. Amarga eliminasi ora gumantung ing jalur ginjel utawa hepatik, bisa uga migunani utamane ing pasien sing nandhang fungsi ati utawa ginjel.
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Carane nggunakake Atracurium
Umum
Dispensing lan Pancegahan Administrasi
Pembalikan Blokade Neuromuskular
Administrasi h3>
Administrasi mung IV; ora ngatur IM.
IV Administrasi
Kanggo informasi kompatibilitas solusi lan obat, deleng Kompatibilitas ing Stabilitas.
Administrasi dosis awal (intubasi) kanthi injeksi IV kanthi cepet; ngatur dosis pangopènan kanthi injeksi IV intermiten utawa infus IV terus.
Gunakake piranti infus sing dikontrol disaranake sajrone infus IV obat sing terus-terusan.
Tingkat pemulihan spontan sawise mandheg saka infus pangopènan bisa dibandhingake karo administrasi injeksi IV siji sawise administrasi. blokade neuromuskular, yen pemulihan saka blokade diidini diwiwiti sadurunge ngatur dosis pangopènan.
Konsultasi referensi khusus kanggo prosedur lan teknik administrasi tartamtu.
Aja nyampur ing jarum suntik utawa jarum suntik sing padha. Diwenehi liwat jarum sing padha karo larutan alkali.
PengenceranKanggo infus IV sing terus-terusan, encer injeksi atracurium besylate nganti konsentrasi sing dikarepake (biasane 0,2 utawa 0,5 mg / mL) ing 5% dextrose, 5% dextrose lan 0,9 % natrium klorida, utawa 0,9% injeksi natrium klorida. Gunakake sajrone 24 jam.
Dosis
Kasedhiya minangka atracurium besylate; dosis sing dituduhake ing syarat-syarat uyah.
Setel dosis kasebut kanthi teliti miturut syarat lan respon individu.
Pasien Pediatrik
Relaksasi Otot Balung Dosis Awal (Intubasi) IVBayi lan bocah umur 1 sasi nganti 2 taun: 0,3–0,4 mg/kg nalika digunakake bebarengan karo anestesi halotan. (Deleng Onset lan uga Duration ing Farmakokinetik.)
Bocah ≥2 taun umume kudu nampa dosis sing padha karo sing disaranake kanggo wong diwasa. (Deleng Wong diwasa miturut Dosis lan Administrasi.)
Data ora cukup kanggo menehi rekomendasi dosis awal atracurium besylate ing bayi lan bocah-bocah sawise administrasi suksinilkolin.
Dosis Pangopènan Sajrone Prosedur Bedah sing Berpanjangan Injeksi IV IntermitenBayi lan bocah-bocah mbutuhake dosis pangopènan sing luwih kerep tinimbang wong diwasa.
Bocah ≥2 taun umume kudu nampa dosis sing padha sing disaranake kanggo wong diwasa. (Deleng Wong diwasa miturut Dosis lan Administrasi.)
Infus IV Terus-terusanBocah ≥2 taun umume kudu nampa tingkat infus sing padha karo wong diwasa. (Deleng Wong diwasa miturut Dosis lan Administrasi.)
Data winates nyatake yen kabutuhan tingkat infus bisa luwih dhuwur ing pasien ICU pediatrik tinimbang wong diwasa.
Dewasa
Relaksasi Otot Balung Awal ( Intubasi) Dosis IV0,4-0,5 mg/kg. Sawise administrasi dosis awal iki, intubasi endotrakeal kanggo prosedur bedah ora darurat bisa ditindakake sajrone 2-2,5 menit ing umume pasien. (Deleng Onset lan uga Duration ing Pharmacokinetics.)
Turunake dosis awal kira-kira 33% (yaiku, dadi 0,25-0,35 mg / kg) yen anestesi steady-state wis diinduksi karo enflurane utawa isoflurane. (Deleng Obat Spesifik ing Interaksi.)
Coba ngurangi dosis awal kira-kira 20% yen anestesi steady-state wis diinduksi karo halotan. (Deleng Obat Spesifik ing Interaksi.)
Yen menehi suksinilkolin ing ngisor iki, nyuda dosis dadi 0,3-0,4 mg / kg. Ngurangi dosis luwih (contone, nganti 0,2-0,3 mg / kg) nalika anestesi inhalasi uga diwenehake bebarengan. (Deleng Obat Spesifik ing Interaksi.)
Dosis Pangopènan Sajrone Prosedur Bedah Berpanjangan Injeksi IV Intermiten0.08–0.1 mg/kg, diwenehake yen perlu.
Atur dosis pangopènan pisanan umume 20-45 menit sawise dosis awal ing pasien sing ngalami anestesi seimbang.
Atur dosis pangopènan baleni kanthi interval sing relatif reguler (yaiku, saka 15-25 menit ing pasien sing ngalami anestesi seimbang). Administrasi ing interval sing luwih suwe bisa uga yen dosis pangopènan sing luwih dhuwur (yaiku, nganti 0,2 mg / kg) digunakake utawa yen digunakake karo enflurane utawa isoflurane.
Infus IV sing terus-terusanSedhiyakake tarif infus adhedhasar respon pasien marang stimulasi saraf perifer.
Kaping pisanan, 9-10 mcg / kg saben menit bisa uga dibutuhake kanggo nglawan pemulihan spontan saka blokade neuromuskular kanthi cepet. . Infus pangopènan 5-9 mcg / kg saben menit umume njaga 89-99% blokade neuromuskular ing pasien sing nampa anestesi seimbang; Nanging, blokade sing nyukupi bisa kedadeyan kanthi tingkat infus 2-15 mcg / kg saben menit.
Miwiti infus IV terus-terusan mung sawise pemulihan spontan awal saka dosis intubasi awal katon.
Ngurangi tingkat infus kira-kira 33% yen anestesi steady-state wis diinduksi karo enflurane utawa isoflurane. (Deleng Obat Spesifik ing Interaksi.)
Coba pangurangi tingkat infus sing luwih cilik yen anestesi steady-state wis diinduksi karo halotan. (Deleng Obat Spesifik ing Interaksi.)
Dosis Pangopènan ing ICUKanggo ndhukung ventilasi mekanik ing ICU, tingkat infus rata-rata 11–13 mcg/kg saben menit wis digunakake; Nanging, tarif infus bisa beda-beda ing antarane pasien lan bisa nambah utawa nyuda kanthi wektu. Sawise mandheg saka infus, pemulihan spontan menyang train-of-four (TOF)> 75% umume kedadeyan sajrone udakara 60 menit.
Monitor tingkat blokade neuromuskular kanthi stimulator saraf perifer; aja menehi dosis tambahan sadurunge ana respon tartamtu kanggo stimulasi saraf.
Sawise pemulihan saka blokade neuromuskular, administrasi dosis IV langsung ("bolus") bisa uga perlu kanggo mbangun maneh blokade neuromuskular sadurunge reinstitution saka infus.
Populasi Khusus
Gangguan Ginjal
Panyesuaian dosis ora dibutuhake.
Pasien Kobong
Dosis tambah akeh bisa uga dibutuhake amarga pangembangan resistensi. (Deleng Patients Burns ing Ati-ati.)
Pasien Bypass Cardiopulmonary with Induced Hypothermia
Tingkat infus sing dibutuhake kanggo njaga relaksasi bedah sing nyukupi sajrone hipotermia (yaiku, 25-28°C) kira-kira 50 % saka tingkat infus sing dibutuhake ing pasien normothermic.
Pasien Myasthenia Gravis
Administrasi ing dosis awal sing kurang lan kanthi ati-ati ngawasi ing pasien sing dikontrol kanthi apik sing terapi biasa diterusake nganti wektu operasi.
Pasien karo Penyakit Kardiovaskular
Dosis awal 0,3-0,4 mg/kg diwènèhaké alon-alon utawa ing dosis pecahan liwat 1 menit. (Deleng Efek Kardiovaskular ing Ati-ati.)
Populasi Liyane
Pasien kanthi risiko tambah pelepasan histamin (contone, riwayat reaksi anafilaktoid abot utawa asma): Dosis awal 0,3-0,4 mg / kg diterbitake alon-alon utawa ing dosis pecahan liwat 1 menit.
Pasien sing potentiation saka blokade neuromuskular utawa kangelan karo mbalikke blokade bisa kedadeyan (contone, penyakit neuromuskular, gangguan elektrolit abot, karsinomatosis): Coba ngurangi dosis. Nanging, ora ana pengalaman klinis nganti saiki ing pasien kasebut, lan ora ana dosis khusus sing disaranake. (Deleng Penyakit Neuromuskular lan uga Gangguan Elektrolit ing Ati-ati.)
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget/PanandhapPènget
Pancegahan Administrasi
Amarga potensial kanggo fungsi ambegan sing abot lan komplikasi liyane, njupuk pancegahan khusus sajrone administrasi. (Deleng Warning Boxed lan uga ndeleng Umum ing Dosis lan Administrasi.)
Reaksi Sensitivitas
Reaksi HipersensitivitasReaksi hipersensitivitas serius, kalebu anafilaksis, jarang dilapurake. Potensi sensitivitas silang karo agen pamblokiran neuromuskular liyane (loro depolarisasi lan nondepolarisasi).
Njupuk pancegahan sing cocog; perawatan darurat kanggo anafilaksis kudu langsung kasedhiya.
Panyegahan Umum
Penyakit NeuromuskularKamungkinan blokade neuromuskular sing berlebihan ing pasien sing nandhang penyakit neuromuskular (contone, myasthenia gravis, sindrom Eaton-Lambert).
Monitor tingkat blokade neuromuskular kanthi stimulator saraf perifer; nimbang nyuda dosis.
Patients BurnsResistansi kanggo therapy bisa berkembang ing patients burned, utamané sing burns liwat 25-30% utawa luwih saka area lumahing awak.
Resistensi umume katon ≥1 minggu sawise diobong, puncak ≥2 minggu sawise diobong, tetep nganti pirang-pirang wulan utawa luwih suwe, lan suda kanthi bertahap kanthi penyembuhan.
Pikirake yen perlu kanggo nambah dosis. (Deleng Distribusi: Populasi Khusus, miturut Farmakokinetik.)
Pelepasan HistaminPertimbangake kemungkinan pelepasan histamin sing substansial ing individu sing sensitif.
Gunakake kanthi ati-ati lan ing dosis awal sing luwih murah ing pasien sing ngeculake histamin sing akeh banget mbebayani (umpamane, sing duwe penyakit kardiovaskular sing penting sacara klinis) lan ing pasien sing duwe riwayat sing nuduhake risiko pelepasan histamin sing luwih gedhe ( contone, riwayat reaksi anafilaktoid abot utawa asma). Safety ing patients karo panandhang asma durung ditetepake.
Efek KardiovaskularNuduhake efek minimal ing detak jantung; mulane, ora bakal nglawan bradikardia sing disebabake dening akeh agen anestesi utawa stimulasi vagal. Bradikardia sajrone anestesi bisa uga luwih umum tinimbang karo agen pamblokiran neuromuskular liyane.
Setelan Perawatan IntensifKamungkinan paralisis sing suwe lan/utawa kelemahan otot kanthi administrasi jangka panjang agen pamblokiran neuromuskular ing ICU.
Pemantauan terus-terusan transmisi neuromuskular dianjurake sajrone terapi agen pamblokiran neuromuskular ing setelan perawatan intensif. Aja menehi dosis tambahan sadurunge ana respon tartamtu kanggo tes stimulasi saraf. Yen ora ana respon, mungkasi administrasi nganti respon bali.
Kejang kacarita arang banget ing pasien kanthi faktor predisposisi (contone, trauma sirah, edema serebral, ensefalopati hipoksik, ensefalitis virus, uremia) sing nampa infus IV terus-terusan kanggo fasilitasi ventilasi mekanik ing setelan perawatan intensif.
Gangguan ElektrolitNgawasi tingkat blokade neuromuskular kanthi stimulator saraf perifer lan nimbang pengurangan dosis ing pasien kanthi gangguan elektrolit sing abot (yaiku, hipermagnesemia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia).
Hipertermia ganasHipertermia ganas arang digandhengake karo nggunakake agen pamblokiran neuromuskular lan/utawa anestesi inhalasi kuat. Waspada kanggo pangembangan sing bisa ditindakake lan disiapake kanggo manajemen ing pasien sing ngalami anestesi umum.
KarsinomatosisPantau tingkat blokade neuromuskular kanthi stimulator saraf perifer lan nimbang pengurangan dosis.
Populasi Spesifik
KandhutanKategori C.
LaktasiOra dingerteni manawa atrakurium disebarake menyang susu. Disaranake ati-ati yen digunakake ing wanita sing nyusoni.
Panggunaan PediatrikKeamanan lan khasiat ora ditetepake ing bocah-bocah <1 sasi.
Benzil alkohol kanthi jumlah akeh (yaiku, 100–400 mg/ kg saben dina) wis digandhengake karo keracunan ing neonatus; saben mL injeksi atracurium besylate ing vial pirang-pirang dosis ngemot 9 mg alkohol benzyl.
Panggunaan GeriatrikOra ana bedane sing signifikan babagan safety, khasiat, utawa syarat dosis relatif marang wong diwasa sing luwih enom.
Efek Umum sing Sabar
Murah.
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Atracurium
Obat Spesifik
Obat
Interaksi
Komentar
Anestesi, umum (enflurane, halothane, isoflurane)
Potensi tambah lan durasi sing luwih dawa. blokade neuromuskular
Disaranake ngurangi dosis atrakurium
Anti-infèksi (contone, aminoglikosida, polimiksin)
Bisa tambah blokade neuromuskular
Lithium
Mungkin tambah blokade neuromuskular
Garam Magnesium
Mungkin tambah blokade neuromuskular
Gunakake kanthi ati-ati lan nyuda dosis atrakurium yen perlu
Agen pamblokiran neuromuskular
Kemungkinan efek sinergis utawa antagonis
Procainamide
Mungkin tambah blokade neuromuskular
Quinidine
Mungkin tambah blokade neuromuskular
Suksinilkolin
Efek variabel (tambah utawa nyuda blokade neuromuskular) dilapurake
Administrasi atrakurium ing dosis suda lan mung sawise pasien pulih saka blokade neuromuskular sing disebabake suksinilkolin
Disclaimer
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