Benzocaine (EENT)
Kelas obat: Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Benzocaine (EENT)
Nyeri Oral
Obat-obatan dhewe (dheweke utawa ing kombinasi tetep karo macem-macem obat liyane) kanggo nyuda nyeri tenggorokan sing sithik.
Obat-obatan dhewe (dheweke utawa ing kombinasi tetep karo macem-macem obat liyane) kanggo ngilangi rasa nyeri sauntara sing gegandhèngan karo macem-macem kondisi lisan utawa dental (contone, lara kadhemen, ulcerations, sariawan, ciloko cilik/iritasi, lara untu. , gusi perih, peralatan ortodontik, iritasi gigi tiruan).
FDA nyatakake yen preparat benzocaine digandhengake karo risiko serius (contone, methemoglobinemia) lan ora menehi manfaat kanggo nambani nyeri lisan. Aja nggunakake ing bayi lan bocah-bocah <2 taun. Gunakake sparingly lan mung yen perlu ing wong diwasa lan bocah ≥2 taun. (Deleng Methemoglobinemia ing Cautions.)
Aja digunakake kanggo nyeri teething ing bayi; risiko methemoglobinemia ngluwihi keuntungan potensial.
Anestesi Lokal
Wis digunakake topikal kanggo anestesi lokal† [off-label] membran mukosa lisan utawa liyane sing bisa diakses (kajaba mata).
Persediaan kombinasi tetep sing ngemot benzocaine karo butamben lan tetracaine uga wis digunakake kanggo anestesi lokal sadurunge bedhah, endoskopik, utawa prosedur medis liyane, lan uga kanggo nyuda refleks gag† [off-label].
Nanging, methemoglobinemia wis kedadeyan lan FDA nyatakake yen produk benzocaine ora disetujoni kanggo panggunaan kasebut. (Deleng Methemoglobinemia ing Cautions.)
Otic Pain
Wis digunakake topikal ing kombinasi tetep karo antipyrine kanggo relief sak wentoro pain kuping† [off-label] gadhah otitis media akut saka macem-macem panyebab. Nanging, khasiat lan safety ora ditetepake.
Anestesi topikal bisa menehi relief gejala nanging ora nyegah perlu kanggo terapi anti-infektif sing cocok nalika nyeri kuping minangka sekunder saka infeksi.
Cerumen Removal
Wis digunakake ing kombinasi tetep karo antipyrine kanggo nggampangake mbusak cerumen (earwax) sing berlebihan utawa kena pengaruh † [off-label]. Nanging, khasiat lan safety ora ditetepake.
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- Flunisolide (EENT)
- Fluocinolone (EENT)
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- Flurbiprofen (EENT)
- Flurbiprofen (EENT)
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- Meprobamate
- Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-epoetin Beta (Systemic)
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- Minocycline (EENT)
- Minocycline (Systemic)
- Minoxidil (Systemic)
- Mometasone
- Mometasone (EENT)
- Moxifloxacin (EENT)
- Moxifloxacin (Systemic)
- Nalmefene
- Naloxone (Systemic)
- Natrol Melatonin + 5-HTP
- Nebivolol Hydrochloride
- Neomycin (EENT)
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- Netarsudil Mesylate
- Nexiclon XR
- Nicotine
- Nicotine
- Nicotine
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- Nirmatrelvir
- Nirmatrelvir
- Nitroglycerin (Systemic)
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- Ofloxacin (Systemic)
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- Olopatadine
- Omadacycline (Systemic)
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- Oxacillin
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- Penicillin G
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- Pentosan
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- Pilocarpine, Pilocarpine Hydrochloride, Pilocarpine Nitrate
- Placidyl
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- Pneumococcal Vaccine
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- Pramoxine
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- Precedex
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- PrednisoLONE (EENT)
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- Progestins
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- Protamine
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- Quviviq
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- Saline Laxatives
- Selenious Acid
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- Smallpox and Mpox Vaccine Live
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Carane nggunakake Benzocaine (EENT)
Umum
Administrasi
Administrasi Lisan
Administrasi lisan minangka lozenge.
Allow lozenge alon-alon larut ing tutuk.
Administrasi Topikal
Gunakake topikal menyang membran mukosa minangka semprotan aerosol, gel, krim, swab, larutan, utawa salep; takon label produk produsen kanggo pituduh lengkap kanggo aplikasi sing cocog kanggo produk tartamtu.
Aja kontak karo mripat. Ora kanggo injeksi.
Produsen benzocaine ing kombinasi tetep karo butamben lan tetracaine hidroklorida (Cetacaine) nyaranake aplikasi langsung menyang situs ngendi kontrol pain dibutuhake; ora perlu kanggo garing tissue sadurunge aplikasi.
Produsen sawetara produk benzocaine topikal sing dimaksudake kanggo obat-obatan dhewe nuduhake yen wong diwasa ngawasi bocah-bocah <12 taun sajrone administrasi obat.
Semprotan AerosolJumlah benzocaine sing ana ing siji semprotan beda-beda gumantung saka konsentrasi solusi, jumlah wektu aktuator ditekan, volume sisa ing kaleng, lan orientasi spasial kaleng sajrone administrasi.
Semprotan aerosol benzocaine 20%: Semprotan langsung menyang mukosa oral.
Cetacaine (kombinasi tetep benzocaine, butamben, lan tetracaine hydrochloride) semprotan aerosol: Aplikasi liwat ≤1 detik.
Gel, Cairan, Krim, Salep, utawa SwabKanggo obat mandiri, aplikasi topikal nggunakake swab kapas utawa driji miturut pandhuane pabrikan.
Cetacaine (kombinasi tetep benzocaine, butamben, lan tetracaine hydrochloride) gel: Nyebar tipis lan merata ing area aplikasi nggunakake swab kapas.
Cetacaine (benzocaine, butamben, lan tetracaine hydrochloride kombinasi tetep) Cairan: Kanggo prosedur dental (contone, scaling, anestesi pra-injeksi), aplikasi Cairan topikal drop-wise menyang kanthong periodontal nggunakake syringe lan piranti pangiriman diwenehake dening pabrikan. Kanggo aplikasi permukaan menyang membran mukosa, aplikasi siji dip cairan topikal kanthi aplikator katun utawa sikat. Aja terus aplikator ing posisi kanggo wektu sing luwih suwe kanggo nyuda resiko reaksi lokal.
Dosis
Administrasi jumlah paling cilik sing dibutuhake kanggo ngasilake respon sing dikarepake.
Benzocaine yaiku kasedhiya kanthi komersial (piyambak lan ing kombinasi tetep karo obat liyane [contone, antitussive, analgesik, demulcents, anestesi lokal liyane]) ing pirang-pirang bentuk dosis; takon label produk pabrikan kanggo dosis sing cocog kanggo produk tartamtu.
Saben 200 mg aerosol Cetacaine, cairan, utawa gel ngandhut 28 mg benzocaine, 4 mg butamben, lan 4 mg tetracaine hydrochloride.
Pasien Pediatrik
Oral Pain OralBenzocaine 15-mg lozenge: Kanggo obat mandiri ing bocah-bocah ≥3 taun, njupuk 1 lozenge; baleni saben 2 jam yen perlu utawa kaya sing diarahake dening dokter.
Benzocaine 15-mg lozenge (ing kombinasi tetep karo menthol): Kanggo obat mandiri ing bocah-bocah umur ≥5 taun, njupuk 1 lozenge; baleni saben 2 jam yen perlu utawa kaya sing diarahake dening dokter.
Benzocaine 6- utawa 7,5-mg lozenge (ing kombinasi tetep karo Dextromethorphan hydrobromide 5 mg kanthi utawa tanpa menthol): Kanggo obat mandiri ing bocah-bocah 6 - 12 taun, njupuk 1 lozenge; baleni saben 4 jam yen perlu nganti 6 lozenges saben dina utawa kaya sing diarahake dening dokter.
Benzocaine 6 utawa 7,5-mg lozenge (ing kombinasi tetep karo dextromethorphan hydrobromide 5 mg kanthi utawa tanpa menthol): Kanggo obat mandiri ing bocah-bocah umur ≥12 taun, njupuk 2 lozenges (1 langsung sawise liyane. ); baleni saben 4 jam yen perlu nganti 12 lozenges saben dina utawa kaya sing diarahake dening dokter.
TopikGel, swab, krim, utawa cairan benzocaine 10 lan 20%: Kanggo obat mandiri ing bocah-bocah umur ≥2 taun, aplikasi nganti 4 kali saben dina menyang area lisan sing kena pengaruh utawa kaya sing diarahake dening dokter utawa dokter gigi. .
Semprotan aerosol benzocaine 20%: Kanggo obat mandiri ing bocah-bocah umur ≥2 taun, semprotan 0,5 detik kanthi mencet lan langsung ngeculake aktuator; digunakake nganti kaping 4 saben dina utawa kaya sing diarahake dening dokter utawa dokter gigi.
Anestesi Lokal† [off-label] TopikalCetacaine (kombinasi tetep benzocaine, butamben, lan tetracaine hydrochloride) aerosol, cairan, utawa gel: Produsen nyatakake yen dosis pediatrik sing cocok durung ditetepake; dosis kudu suda ing patients enom banget.
Dewasa
Oral Pain OralBenzocaine 15-mg lozenge (piyambak utawa ing kombinasi tetep karo menthol): Kanggo pengobatan dhewe, njupuk 1 lozenge; baleni saben 2 jam yen perlu utawa kaya sing diarahake dening dokter.
Benzocaine 6- utawa 7.5-mg lozenge (ing kombinasi tetep karo dextromethorphan hydrobromide 5 mg kanthi utawa tanpa mentol): Kanggo ngobati dhewe, njupuk 2 lozenges (1 langsung sawise liyane); baleni saben 4 jam yen perlu nganti 12 lozenges saben dina utawa kaya sing diarahake dening dokter.
TopikalBenzocaine 10 lan 20% gel, swab, salep, krim, aerosol topikal, utawa cairan: Kanggo ngobati dhewe, aplikasi menyang area lisan sing kena pengaruh nganti kaping 4 saben dina utawa kaya sing diarahake dening dokter utawa dokter gigi. .
Semprotan aerosol benzocaine 20%: Kanggo obat mandiri, semprotan suwene 0,5 detik kanthi mencet lan langsung ngeculake aktuator; gunakake nganti 4 kaping saben dina utawa kaya sing diarahake dening dokter utawa dokter gigi.
Anestesi Lokal† TopikalCetacaine (kombinasi tetep benzocaine, butamben, lan tetracaine hydrochloride) aerosol: Semprotake menyang situs kanggo ≤1 detik ; ing suhu normal, tingkat expulsion rata-rata kira-kira 200 mg solusi per detik. Aja ngluwihi 2 detik.
Cetacaine (kombinasi tetep benzocaine, butamben, lan tetracaine hydrochloride) Cairan: Lebokake 0,2 mL (200 mg larutan) kanthi aplikator katun utawa langsung menyang situs. Aja ngluwihi 0,4 mL (400 mg).
Cetacaine (benzocaine, butamben, lan tetracaine hydrochloride kombinasi tetep) gel: Lebokake 200 mg gel (manik dawane kira-kira 0,2–0,5 inci) menyang situs. ). Aja ngluwihi 400 mg.
Batesan Resep
Pasien Anak
Nyeri Oral OralBenzocaine 6- utawa 7,5-mg lozenge (ing kombinasi tetep karo dextromethorphan hydrobromide 5 mg karo utawa tanpa mentol) ing bocah-bocah umur 6-12 taun: Aja ngluwihi 6 lozenges ing 24 jam kanggo maksimal 2 dina kanggo lara. tenggorokan utawa 7 dina kanggo lara tutuk.
Benzocaine 6- utawa 7,5-mg lozenge (ing kombinasi tetep karo dextromethorphan hydrobromide 5 mg) ing bocah-bocah ≥12 taun: Aja ngluwihi 12 lozenges ing 24 jam kanggo maksimal 2 dina kanggo lara tenggorokan utawa 7 dina kanggo lara tutuk.
Benzocaine 15-mg lozenges ing bocah-bocah ≥3 taun: Aja nggunakake luwih saka 2 dina kajaba diarahake dening dokter.
Benzocaine 15-mg lozenges (ing kombinasi tetep karo menthol) ing bocah ≥5 taun: Aja nggunakake luwih saka 2 dina kajaba diarahake dening dokter.
TopikalBenzocaine 10 utawa 20% gel, swab, krim, semprotan aerosol, salep, utawa solusi ing bocah ≥2 taun: Maksimum 4 aplikasi saben dina kanggo 7 dina.
Dewasa
Nyeri Oral OralBenzocaine 6- utawa 7,5-mg lozenges (ing kombinasi tetep karo dextromethorphan karo utawa tanpa mentol): Aja ngluwihi 12 lozenges ing 24 jam.
Benzocaine 15-mg lozenges: Aja nggunakake luwih saka 2 dina kajaba diarahake dening dokter.
TopikalBenzocaine 10 utawa 20% gel, swab, krim, semprotan aerosol, salep, utawa solusi: Maksimal 4 aplikasi saben dina suwene 7 dina.
Anestesi Lokal† TopikalCetacaine (kombinasi tetep benzocaine, butamben, lan tetracaine hydrochloride) semprotan aerosol: Aja nyemprotake >2 detik.
Cetacaine (benzocaine, butamben, lan tetracaine hydrochloride fixed kombinasi) cairan: Aja nggunakake >0,4 mL (12–14 tetes).
Cetacaine (kombinasi tetep benzocaine, butamben, lan tetracaine hydrochloride) gel: Aja nggunakake >400 mg.
Populasi Khusus
Pasien Geriatri
The produsen Cetacaine (kombinasi tetep benzocaine, butamben, lan tetracaine hydrochloride) nyaranake ngurangi dosis ing pasien geriatrik sing debilitated.
Pasien Sakit Akut
Produsen Cetacaine (kombinasi tetep benzocaine, butamben, lan tetracaine hydrochloride) nyaranake ngurangi dosis ing pasien sing lara akut.
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget/PanandhapPènget
Efek Ngaruhi Serius sing Gegandhèngan karo Anestetik Lokal
Efek sing serius (contone, kejang, koma, detak jantung sing ora teratur, depresi pernapasan) dilapurake sawise aplikasi topikal anestesi lokal ing kulit; dilapurake sawise aplikasi preparat topikal senyawa ekstemporan sing ngemot konsentrasi anestesi sing dhuwur kanggo prosedur kosmetik lan sawise nggunakake kanggo indikasi sing disetujoni FDA. Gunakake konsentrasi paling murah sing bisa efektif, lan gunakake kanthi jumlah cilik kanggo wektu sing paling cendhak; nggunakake preparat sing disetujoni FDA dianjurake.
MethemoglobinemiaMethemoglobinemia, kelainan getih sing langka nanging serius, dilapurake sawise aplikasi benzocaine topikal; biasane dilapurake kanthi nggunakake preparat aerosol sajrone prosedur medis (contone, intubasi, endoskopik, utawa prosedur bronkoskopi), nanging uga kanthi aplikasi topikal preparat OTC menyang mukosa lisan. Kematian wis dumadi.
Kasus sing paling akeh dilapurake karo gel OTC lan preparat cair kalebu bocah-bocah <2 taun sing nampa gel benzocaine kanggo teething; Nanging, kasus uga kacarita ing wong diwasa nggunakake gel utawa preparation Cairan kanggo relief toothache. Aja digunakake kanggo teething. (Deleng Saran kanggo Pasien.)
Manifestasi methemoglobinemia (contone, kulit, lambe, utawa kuku sing pucet, abu-abu, utawa biru; sirah, pusing, kuatir, bingung, utawa lemes; takikardia; dyspnea. , tambah ambegan, utawa nyuda saturasi oksigen getih) bisa kedadeyan sajrone menit nganti 1-2 jam sawise aplikasi.
Ingestion bebarengan utawa nggunakake produk sing ngemot nitrit utawa nitrat (contone, panganan, obat-obatan) bisa dadi aditif kanggo ngindhuksi pembentukan methemoglobin.
Pasien sing nandhang asma, bronkitis, emfisema, utawa penyakit jantung lan sing ngrokok bisa uga ana risiko komplikasi sing gegandhengan karo methemoglobinemia; bayi < 4 sasi, wong diwasa geriatrik, lan wong sing duwe cacat bawaan tartamtu (contone, kekurangan glukosa-6-fosfat dehidrogenase, penyakit hemoglobin M, kekurangan NADH methemoglobin reduktase, kekurangan piruvat kinase) bisa dadi predisposisi kanggo methemoglobinemia.
Pengembangan methemoglobinemia ora ana hubungane karo dosis; bisa kedadeyan sawise aplikasi siji.
Amati pasien sing nampa preparat aerosol benzocaine kanggo tandha-tandha methemoglobinemia sajrone prosedur medis lan ≥2 jam sawise administrasi benzocaine.
Aja nggunakake preparat benzocaine ing bocah-bocah <2 taun, lan nggunakake sparingly, mung yen perlu, lan ora luwih saka 4 kaping saben dina ing wong diwasa lan bocah ≥2 taun. (Deleng Saran kanggo Pasien.)
Bisa entuk ukuran methemoglobin langsung liwat cooximetry (gas getih arteri lan oksimetri pulsa standar 2-panjang gelombang ora bisa dipercaya). Langsung nambani pasien sing ngalami methemoglobinemia (contone, menehi methylene blue yen cocog).
Reaksi Sensitivitas
Sensitivitas TartrazineSawetara formulasi benzocaine sing kasedhiya sacara komersial (contone, Orajel Double Medicated Toothache lan Gum Relief Plus Liquid, Orajel Mouth Sore Swabs) ngemot pewarna tartrazine (FD&C kuning No. 5), sing bisa nyebabake reaksi alergi kalebu asma bronkial ing wong sing rentan. Senadyan insiden sensitivitas tartrazine kurang, nanging asring kedadeyan ing pasien sing sensitif marang aspirin.
HipersensitivitasReaksi hipersensitivitas, kalebu anafilaksis, arang dilapurake.
Kamungkinan dehidrasi epitelium lan eskarotik efek; mulane, aja nganggo benzocaine topikal ing dentures utawa cotton rolls.
Kamungkinan reaksi alergi lokal utawa dermatitis kontak sing ditondoi dening eritema lan pruritus sing bisa berkembang dadi vesikulasi lan oozing; paling umum sawise nggunakake sing dawa utawa bola-bali. Yen ruam, urtikaria, edema, iritasi, utawa manifestasi alergi liyane, mandhegake obat kasebut lan takon karo dokter. Aja nggunakake sing dawa kajaba ing pengawasan terus-terusan.
Pancegahan Umum
Pengobatan MandhiriYen digunakake kanggo ngobati dhewe kanggo nyeri tutuk, mandhegake obat kasebut lan takon karo dokter yen kondhisi saya tambah parah utawa gejala tetep nganti > 7 dina utawa pulih lan kedadeyan maneh sajrone sawetara. dina.
Yen digunakake kanggo ngobati lara tenggorokan, mandhegake obat kasebut lan takon karo dokter yen tenggorokan abot, terus nganti >2 dina, utawa diiringi demam, sirah, ruam, nyeri, abang. , dadi gedhe, mual, utawa muntah.
Preparasi Kombinasi TetapYen digunakake ing kombinasi tetep karo obat liyane (contone, antitussive, analgesik, demulsen, anestesi lokal liyane), nimbang ati-ati, pancegahan, lan kontraindikasi sing ana gandhengane karo obat liyane.
Populasi Spesifik
KandhutanEfek ing perkembangan janin ora dingerteni. Aja nggunakake nalika meteng kajaba keuntungan luwih gedhe tinimbang risiko.
Panggunaan PediatrikFDA nyatakake yen preparat benzocaine ora bisa digunakake ing bocah-bocah <2 taun.
Benzocaine 15 mg (ing kombinasi tetep karo menthol) lozenges ora bisa digunakake ing bocah-bocah <5 taun.
Benzocaine 7,5 mg (ing kombinasi tetep karo dextromethorphan) ora bisa digunakake ing bocah-bocah <6 taun.
Dosis pediatrik sing cocog ora ditetepake kanggo preparat Cetacaine (benzocaine, butamben, lan tetracaine hydrochloride kombinasi tetep).
Efek Samsaya Awon
Umume ora beracun yen ditrapake sacara topikal, nanging bisa uga ana sensitisasi lan methemoglobinemia. (Deleng Pèngetan/Panjaga-jaga ing bab Waspada.)
Disclaimer
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