Botulism Antitoxin (Equine)
Jeneng merek: BAT
Kelas obat:
Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Botulism Antitoxin (Equine)
Pengobatan Botulisme
Pengobatan botulisme gejala sawise didokumentasikan utawa dicurigai paparan serotipe neurotoksin botulinum A, B, C, D, E, F, utawa G; ditetepake minangka obat yatim piatu dening FDA kanggo perawatan botulisme.
Botulisme minangka penyakit neuroparalitik sing bisa fatal sing ditondoi dening paralisis afebril akut, simetris, mudhun, lan kelumpuhan. Disebabake dening neurotoksin sing diprodhuksi dening Clostridium botulinum; galur tartamtu saka C. argentinense, C. baratii, lan C. butyricum uga bisa ngasilake neurotoksin lan nyebabake botulisme. C. spora botulinum ana ing endi-endi ing lingkungan ing endapan lemah lan banyu lan bisa thukul menyang bakteri vegetatif sing ngasilake racun. Ana 7 serotipe toksin botulinum sing dikenal (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) lan kabeh nyebabake penyakit sing padha; botulisme manungsa sing kedadeyan alami biasane nyakup serotipe A, B, E, lan F.
Botulisme sing ditularake panganan kedadeyan sawise mangan panganan sing kontaminasi racun botulinum (contone, panganan kaleng sing ora bener); gejala biasane wiwit 12-48 jam (kisaran: 2 jam kanggo 10 dina) sawise ingestion. Botulisme tatu dumadi sawise kontaminasi tatu karo spora C. botulinum saka lingkungan sing banjur germination lan ngasilake racun botulinum; wektu antarane kontaminasi tatu lan wiwitan gejala biasane 4-14 dina. Botulisme bayi dumadi nalika bayi <1 taun nyedhot spora C. botulinum sing banjur germination, koloni saluran GI, lan ngasilake toksin botulinum; wektu antarane paparan lan wiwitan gejala kira-kira 3-30 dina. Botulisme usus (bocah utawa wong diwasa) kedadeyan sawise kolonisasi usus karo C. botulinum lan produksi toksin botulinum sabanjure.
Botulisme uga bisa kedadeyan amarga overdosis iatrogenik utawa salah injeksi toksin botulinum sing kasedhiya kanthi komersial sing digunakake kanggo terapi (contone, abobotulinumtoxinA, incobotulinumtoxinA, onabotulinumtoxinA, rimabotulinumtoxinB) utawa saka inhalasi aerosolized botulinum (konteks botulinum toksin biologis). perang utawa bioterorisme). Gejala botulisme bisa katon ing 12-72 jam sawise paparan inhalasi.
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Carane nggunakake Botulism Antitoxin (Equine)
Umum
Tes Sensitivitas Intradermal
Distribusi Watesan
Administrasi
Administrasi IV
Administrasi mung kanthi infus IV alon.
Sadurunge administrasi, kudu diencerake ing 0,9% natrium klorida. (Waca Cairan ing Dosis lan Administrasi.) Ngatur solusi antitoksin sing diencerke kanthi nggunakake pompa infus konstan; nggunakake saringan inline opsional.
Pantau kanthi rapet kanggo tandha lan gejala sensitivitas akut utawa reaksi infus sajrone lan sanalika sawise infus IV rampung. (Deleng Reaksi Sensitivitas lan deleng Reaksi Infus ing Caution.)
Disedhiyakake ing botol siji-sijine. Bisa teka saka CDC salah siji beku utawa thawed. Yen beku, cair kanthi nyelehake bokor ing kulkas kanthi suhu 2-8 ° C kira-kira 14 jam nganti isine thawed. Kanggo thawing luwih cepet, nyelehake bokor ing suhu kamar suwene 1 jam, banjur dicelupake ing adus banyu kanthi suhu 37 ° C nganti thawed. Aja thaw ing oven microwave. Aja beku maneh.
DilutionSadurunge diencerake, cair antitoksin (yen perlu) lan nggawa menyang suhu kamar.
Aja goyangake vial sawayah-wayah amarga bisa nyebabake busa.
p>Encer 1:10 ing injeksi natrium klorida 0,9% kanthi narik kabeh isi vial lan ditambahake menyang jumlah natrium klorida 0,9% ing kantong IV. Jumlah injeksi natrium klorida 0,9% sing cocog beda-beda gumantung saka 90-200 mL amarga antitoksin nduweni volume isi saben vial sing beda-beda gumantung saka nomer akeh antitoksin. Kanggo mesthekake pitungan dosis pediatrik sing akurat nalika vial parsial antitoksin dibutuhake, copot kabeh isi vial.
Priksa solusi antitoksin sing diencerke kanggo partikel lan warna; aja digunakake yen keruh, mendhung, utawa ngandhut partikel.
Tingkat AdministrasiTindakake tingkat infus IV miturut umur lan toleransi pasien.
Ngawasi pasien sajrone infus IV. Yen ditoleransi, tambahake tingkat infus kanthi bertahap nganti tingkat infus maksimal sing disaranake lan terus nganti dosis rampung. Yen infus ora ditoleransi lan reaksi salabetipun dumadi, ngurangi tingkat infus utawa mungkasi infus yen perlu.
Bayi <1 taun: Mulai infus IV kanthi tingkat 0,01 mL/kg saben menit kanggo 30 menit pisanan; yen ditoleransi, tingkat infus banjur bisa ditambah 0,01 mL/kg saben menit saben 30 menit nganti tingkat infus maksimal 0,03 mL/kg saben menit.
Bocah 1 nganti 16 taun: Mulai IV infus kanthi tingkat 0,01 mL / kg saben menit kanggo 30 menit pisanan; yen ditoleransi, tingkat infus banjur bisa ditambah 0,01 mL/kg saben menit saben 30 menit nganti tingkat infus maksimal 0,03 mL/kg saben menit. Aja ngluwihi tingkat infus sing dianjurake kanggo wong diwasa.
Dewasa: Mulai infus IV kanthi kecepatan 0,5 mL saben menit kanggo 30 menit pisanan; yen ditoleransi, tingkat infus banjur bisa tikel kaping pindho saben 30 menit nganti tingkat infus maksimal 2 mL saben menit.
Yen digunakake ing pasien kanthi risiko reaksi hipersensitivitas (pirsani Reaksi Sensitivitas ing Cautions), miwiti infus IV kanthi nggunakake tingkat paling murah sing bisa ditindakake (yaiku, <0,01 mL saben menit) lan ngawasi pasien kanthi rapet.
Dosis< /h3>
Diwenehake minangka dosis siji kanggo perawatan botulism gejala sawise didokumentasikake utawa dicurigai paparan serotipe neurotoksin botulinum A, B, C, D, E, F, utawa G.
Saben siji- nggunakake vial (tanpa preduli saka ukuran vial utawa volume isi) ngemot paling ora 4500, 3300, 3000, 600, 5100, 3000, lan 600 unit serotipe A, B, C, D, E, F, lan G antitoxin, mungguh.
Pasien Anak
Botulisme IVBayi <1 taun: 10% saka dosis diwasa sing disaranake (yaiku, sepersepuluh saka vial siji-sijine), tanpa dipikirake bobot awak. Dilute kaya sing disaranake lan diwenehake minangka infus IV tunggal kanthi nggunakake tingkat infus sing cocog karo umur. (Deleng Administrasi ing Dosis lan Administrasi.)
Bocah 1 nganti 16 taun: 20–100% saka dosis diwasa sing disaranake (yaiku, 20–100% saka vial siji-siji) adhedhasar Salisbury Aturan, kang njupuk menyang wawasan beda bobot antarane patients pediatric lan wong diwasa. (Waca Tabel 1.) Dilute minangka dianjurake lan menehi minangka infus IV siji nggunakake tingkat infus cocog umur. (Deleng Administrasi ing Dosis lan Administrasi.)
Adhedhasar Aturan Salisbury. Bocah sing bobote ≤30 kg: 2 × bobot bocah (kg). Anak sing bobote > 30 kg: bobote bocah (kg) + 30.
Dosis minimal yaiku 20% saka dosis diwasa sing disaranake.
Tabel 1. Dosis kanggo Bocah Umur 1 nganti 16 Taun (Adhedhasar ing Aturan Salisbury)Bobot Badan (kg)
Persen Dosis Dewasa (%)
10–14
20
15–19
30
20–24
40
25–29
50
30–34
60
35–39
65
40–44
70
45–49
75
50–54
80
≥55
100
Dewasa
Botulisme IVDewasa ≥17 taun: 1 vial sekali pakai. Dilute kaya sing disaranake lan diwenehake minangka infus IV kanthi nggunakake tingkat infus sing cocog karo umur. (Deleng Administrasi ing Dosis lan Administrasi.)
Batesan Resep
Pasien Anak
Botulisme IVBayi <1 taun: Tingkat infus maksimal 0,03 mL/kg saben menit.
Bocah umur 1 nganti 16 taun: Dosis maksimal yaiku 1 vial siji-sijine; dosis minimal yaiku 20% saka vial siji-sijine. Tingkat infus maksimal yaiku 2 mL saben menit.
Dewasa
Botulisme IVWong diwasa ≥17 taun: Dosis maksimal yaiku 1 vial siji-sijine. Tingkat infus maksimal yaiku 2 mL saben menit.
Populasi Khusus
Ora ana rekomendasi dosis populasi khusus.
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget/PanandhapReaksi Sensitivitas
Hipersensitivitas Langsung utawa Anafilaksis.
Reaksi hipersensitivitas sing abot (umpamane, anafilaksis, reaksi anafilaktoid) bisa uga kedadeyan.
Risiko reaksi abot bisa saya tambah ing wong sing duwe riwayat sensitivitas kanggo jaran utawa produk getih kuda, alergi liyane (umpamane, hay demam), utawa asma. Coba tes sensitivitas kulit sadurunge administrasi antitoksin ing wong kasebut kanggo nemtokake risiko reaksi alergi. (Deleng Tes Sensitivitas Intradermal ing Dosis lan Administrasi.)
Administrasi ing setelan kanthi peralatan sing cocog, obat-obatan (umpamane, epinefrin), lan personel sing dilatih babagan manajemen hipersensitivitas, anafilaksis, lan kejut.
Ngawasi kanthi rapet kanggo tandha lan gejala reaksi alergi akut (contone, urtikaria, pruritus, eritema, angioedema, bronkospasme kanthi wheezing utawa watuk, stridor, edema laring, hipotensi, takikardia) sajrone lan sawise infus antitoksin IV.
Yen ana reaksi hipersensitivitas, langsung mandhegake infus antitoksin lan miwiti perawatan medis darurat.
Yen digunakake ing pasien sing duwe risiko reaksi hipersensitivitas, miwiti infus IV kanthi tingkat paling murah sing bisa ditindakake (yaiku, <0,01 mL /menit) lan ngawasi pasien kanthi rapet.
Hipersensitivitas Tertunda utawa Reaksi Penyakit SerumReaksi Hipersensitivitas Tertunda utawa Reaksi Penyakit Serum Kacarita. Biasane diwujudake minangka demam, ruam urtikaria utawa maculopapular, myalgia, arthralgia, lan limfadenopati lan biasane kedadeyan 10-21 dina sawise infus antitoksin IV.
Ngawasi tandha lan gejala reaksi alergi sing telat utawa penyakit serum. Yen reaksi kasebut dicurigai, gunakake perawatan medis sing cocog.
Reaksi Infus
Reaksi sing gegandhengan karo infus (contone, hawa adhem, mriyang, angel ambegan, sirah, mual, muntah, arthralgia, myalgia, lemes) kacarita ing 20-60 menit sawise infus IV antitoksin. . Arthralgia, myalgia, lemes, lan reaksi vasovagal uga dilapurake.
Pantau pasien sajrone lan sanalika sawise infus IV. Yen reaksi sing ana gandhengane karo infus, nyuda tingkat infus lan ngurus perawatan gejala. Yen reaksi saya tambah parah, mandhegake infus lan aturake perawatan medis sing cocog.
Gangguan Tes Glukosa Darah
Persediaan parenteral sing ngandhut maltosa, kalebu antitoksin, bisa nyebabake asil palsu munggah ing penentuan glukosa getih sing nggunakake glukosa dehidrogenase pyrroloquinolinequinone (GDH-PQQ). Bisa nyebabake administrasi insulin sing ora cocog sing nyebabake hipoglikemia sing ngancam nyawa utawa bisa nutupi kahanan hipoglikemik sing sejati.
Gunakake mung cara tes khusus glukosa sing ora kena pengaruh maltosa. Deleng kanthi teliti informasi produk kanggo sistem tes glukosa getih (kalebu strip tes glukosa) kanggo nemtokake manawa cocog. Yen ana kahanan sing durung mesthi, hubungi pabrikan sistem tes glukosa kanggo nemtokake manawa sistem kasebut bakal menehi pangukuran glukosa getih sing akurat ing pasien sing diobati karo antitoksin.
Risiko Agen Infèksi sing Bisa Ditular
Disiapake saka plasma kuda; duweni potensi bisa nularake agen infèksius, kalebu virus. Screening plasma equine lan prosedur eliminasi/nonaktif virus sing kalebu ing proses manufaktur nyuda risiko panularan virus.
Lapokake infeksi sing dicurigai sing ana gandhengane karo administrasi antitoksin menyang pabrikan ing 800-768-2304.
p>Pembentukan Antibodi
Potensi imunogenisitas. Ing sukarelawan sehat negatif kanggo antibodi anti-kuda sadurunge nampa antitoxin, 11 saka 39 (28%) ngembangaken antibodi marang antitoxin. Iki utamané antibodi IgG; Antibodi IgE ora dideteksi ing individu kasebut.
Populasi Spesifik
KandhutanKategori C.
LaktasiOra dingerteni manawa disebarake menyang susu. Gunakake kanthi ati-ati ing wanita sing nyusoni.
Panggunaan PediatrikDilabeli dening FDA kanggo digunakake ing pasien pediatrik. Khasiat ora ditetepake ing pasien pediatrik; mung data safety winates babagan panggunaan ing pasien pediatrik.
CDC lan ahli liyane nyatakake perawatan botulisme ing pasien pediatrik kudu padha karo wong diwasa. Kanggo perawatan botulisme bayi sing disebabake dening serotipe A utawa B, nimbang yen Botulism immune globulin IV (BIG-IV) kasedhiya kanggo digunakake ing umur <1 taun.
Limalas pasien pediatrik wiwit saka 10 dina nganti 10 dina. Umur 17 taun nampa antitoksin ing studi akses sing ditambahi CDC.
Panggunaan GeriatrikEfikasi lan safety ora ditetepake ing pasien geriatrik; 36 pasien ≥65 taun nampa antitoksin ing studi akses sing ditambahi CDC.
Efek Umum sing Sabar
Sakit sirah, mual, pruritus, urtikaria, mriyang, ruam, menggigil, edema.
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Botulism Antitoxin (Equine)
Data ora kasedhiya babagan interaksi obat.
Disclaimer
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Ora ana bebaya kanggo kombinasi obat utawa obat sing diwenehake kanthi cara apa wae kudu ditafsirake kanggo nuduhake yen obat utawa kombinasi obat kasebut aman, efektif utawa cocok kanggo pasien tartamtu. Drugslib.com ora nanggung tanggung jawab kanggo aspek kesehatan apa wae sing ditindakake kanthi bantuan informasi sing diwenehake Drugslib.com. Informasi sing ana ing kene ora dimaksudake kanggo nyakup kabeh panggunaan, pituduh, pancegahan, bebaya, interaksi obat, reaksi alergi, utawa efek samping. Yen sampeyan duwe pitakon babagan obat sing sampeyan gunakake, takon dhokter, perawat utawa apoteker.
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