Bupivacaine (Local)
Kelas obat: Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Bupivacaine (Local)
Anestesi Lokal utawa Regional utawa Analgesia
Anestesi lokal utawa regional utawa analgesia ing prosedur bedah, obstetrik, dental, diagnostik, lan terapi.
Kasedhiya minangka preparat Bupivacaine hidroklorida konvensional kanthi utawa tanpa epinefrin utawa minangka injeksi liposomal sing ngemot bupivacaine ing suspensi banyu liposom multivesikular (Exparel).
Persediaan konvensional digunakake kanggo teknik infiltrasi lokal lan blok saraf kalebu periferal, simpatik, epidural (kalebu caudal), retrobulbar, lan blok dental. Aja nggunakake konsentrasi 0,75% kanggo anestesi obstetrik. (Deleng Warning Boxed.) Solusi hiperbarik sing ngemot 0,75% bupivacaine hydrochloride ing 8,25% dextrose digunakake kanggo anestesi spinal.
Liposomal bupivacaine (Exparel) digunakake kanggo infiltrasi lokal utawa blok saraf plexus brachial interscalene kanggo nyedhiyakake postsurgical. analgesik; safety lan khasiat ora ditetepake kanggo pamblokiran syaraf liyane. Amarga ana bedane sifat fisikokimia lan fungsional, aja nggunakake bupivacaine liposomal kanthi ganti karo preparat sing ngemot bupivacaine liyane.
Anestetik lokal kudu digunakake minangka komponen analgesia multimodal (yaiku, nggunakake simultan saka kombinasi obat analgesik lan teknik sing ngarahake mekanisme sing beda) ing manajemen nyeri pasca operasi.
Studi sing mbandhingake khasiat relatif saka liposomal bupivacaine lan bupivacaine hydrochloride konvensional kanggo analgesia postsurgical wis nuduhake asil variabel.
Aja digunakake kanggo blok paracervical obstetric.
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Carane nggunakake Bupivacaine (Local)
Umum
Dispensing lan Pancegahan Administrasi
Administrasi
Injeksi
Kanggo informasi kompatibilitas solusi lan obat, deleng Kompatibilitas ing Stabilitas.
Ngatur preparat bupivacaine hidroklorida konvensional kanthi infiltrasi lokal, blok saraf perifer, blok retrobulbar, blok simpatik, blok epidural lumbar, blok caudal, utawa blok dental. Atur 0,75% bupivacaine hydrochloride ing 8,25% larutan dekstrosa kanthi injeksi subarachnoid kanggo anestesi spinal.
Administrasi bupivacaine liposomal (Exparel) kanthi infiltrasi lokal utawa blok saraf plexus brachial interscalene; aja ngatur formulasi liposomal kanthi rute epidural utawa intrathecal, utawa kanggo blok saraf regional liyane.
Aja nggunakake teknik blok Bier (bius regional IV) amarga ana risiko serangan jantung lan pati.
Wis diwenehake kanthi infus intra-artikular terus-terusan† [off-label] (contone, kanggo ngontrol nyeri pasca operasi); Nanging, panggunaan kasebut digandhengake karo kondrolisis. (Deleng Resiko Kondrolisis sing Digandhengake karo Infus Intra-artikular Anestetik Lokal miturut Ati-ati.)
Konsultasi referensi khusus kanggo teknik lan prosedur khusus kanggo administrasi anestesi lokal.
Aja nggunakake bupivacaine liposomal sing diganti karo formulasi bupivacaine liyane.
Aja nggunakake larutan bupivacaine sing ngandhut pengawet kanggo blok epidural utawa caudal; Mbuwang solusi sing sebagian digunakake sing ora ngemot pengawet.
Liposomal Bupivacaine
Bisa diwenehi sing ora diencerake utawa diencerake (yen volume obat sing tambah perlu kanggo nutupi area bedhah sing luwih gedhe).
Yen pengin diencerake, diencerake. kanthi injeksi natrium klorida 0,9% tanpa pengawet utawa injeksi Ringer laktat nganti konsentrasi akhir 0,89 mg/mL (pengenceran volume 1:14); Aja nggunakake banyu steril kanggo injeksi utawa solusi hipotonik liyane amarga bisa uga ana gangguan partikel liposom. Gunakake suspensi sing wis diencerake sajrone 4 jam persiapan ing jarum suntik.
Balikake vial kaping pirang-pirang kanggo nundha maneh partikel obat sakdurunge ditarik obat. Gunakake jarum 25-gauge utawa luwih gedhe. Aja nyaring.
Yen diwènèhaké bebarengan karo lidocaine (utawa anestesi lokal non-bupivacaine liyane), release langsung saka bupivacaine gratis (unencapsulated) bisa kedadeyan, sing bisa nyebabake konsentrasi plasma beracun. Tundha administrasi liposomal bupivacaine kanggo ≥20 menit sawise administrasi lidocaine.
Kompatibilitas antarane liposomal bupivacaine lan bupivacaine hidroklorida konvensional gumantung konsentrasi. Bisa ngatur bupivacaine hydrochloride lan liposomal bupivacaine bebarengan ing syringe padha, utawa inject bupivacaine hydrochloride sanalika sadurunge liposomal bupivacaine anggere rasio (adhedhasar dosis mg) saka conventional kanggo liposomal tamba ora ngluwihi 1:2. Coba potensial kanggo efek beracun aditif nalika obatan digunakake bebarengan. Aja administrasi tambahan anestesi lokal kanggo ≥96 jam sawise liposomal bupivacaine diterbitake.
Aja kontak karo antiseptik topikal (contone, povidone yodium); ngidini antiseptik topikal garing sadurunge bupivacaine liposomal diwenehake.
Kasalahan Administrasi Potensial
Amarga tampilan sing padha (suspensi putih susu), ana potensial kanggo kebingungan antarane bupivacaine liposomal lan propofol.
Njupuk pancegahan khusus (contone, label jarum suntik sing tepat, pamisahan panyimpenan, pamriksan kaping pindho rutin) kanggo mesthekake yen kebingungan kasebut ora kedadeyan.
Yen salah propofol, administrasi IV ora sengaja bupivacaine liposomal bisa kedadeyan lan nyebabake cilaka pasien sing akeh (contone, aritmia jantung, penahanan).
Pandhuan kanggo perawatan keracunan bupivakain kudu kasedhiya ing kabeh area bedhah sing digunakake liposomal bupivacaine.
Dosis
Persediaan konvensional kasedhiya minangka bupivacaine hydrochloride, minangka kombinasi tetep sing ngemot bupivacaine hydrochloride lan epinephrine bitartrate, lan minangka bupivacaine hydrochloride ing injeksi dextrose; dosis ditulis ing syarat-syarat bupivacaine hydrochloride.
Persediaan liposomal kasedhiya minangka bupivacaine (minangka basa gratis) ing suspensi liposom multivesikular.
Dosis individu adhedhasar prosedur anestesi, tingkat anestesi sing dibutuhake, situs bedhah, lan respon pasien individu. Gunakake dosis efektif paling murah.
Sadurungé anestesi epidural, atur dosis tes lan monitor pasien (umpamane, nadi, BP, tandha-tandha blok spinal) kanggo ndeteksi injeksi intravaskular utawa subarachnoid sing ora disengaja. Dosis tes kudu ngemot 10-15 mcg epinefrin (nalika kahanan klinis ngidini) lan 10-15 mg (2-3 ml larutan 0,5%) bupivacaine hydrochloride (utawa dosis sing padha karo anestesi lokal liyane). Sawise injeksi dosis tes, monitor kanggo nambah denyut jantung.
Pasien Pediatrik
Anestesi Lokal utawa Regional / Analgesia Lokal Infiltrasi, Blok Saraf Periferal / Sympathetic, Lumbar Epidural / Caudal BlockBocah ≥12 taun: Produsen ora menehi rekomendasi dosis khusus; dosis individu. (Deleng Panganggone Pediatrik ing Ati-ati.)
Dewasa
Anestesi Lokal utawa Regional/Analgesia Infiltrasi LokalBupivacaine hydrochloride konvensional: Atur larutan 0,25% (nganggo utawa tanpa epinefrin) nganti dosis maksimal sing disaranake (pirsani Watesan Resep miturut Dosis lan Administrasi).
Liposomal bupivacaine: dosis tunggal nganti 266 mg dianjurake. Ing studi klinis, pasien sing ngalami bunionectomy nampa dosis siji 106 mg (total volume 8 mL, kanthi 7 mL nyusup menyang jaringan sekitar osteotomy lan 1 mL nyusup ing saindhenging jaringan subkutan). Pasien sing ngalami hemorrhoidectomy nampa dosis siji 266 mg (20 mL obat sing diencerake kanthi 10 mL injeksi natrium klorida 0,9%); volume total 30 mL dipérang dadi 5-mL tambahan lan infiltrated menyang 6 situs ing jaringan perianal nggunakake prosedur pamblokiran dubur standar karo technique obah-jarum.
Blok Epidural Lumbar (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride)Solusi 0,75% kanggo panggunaan dosis siji; ora kanggo teknik epidural intermiten. Cadangan kanggo prosedur bedhah sing mbutuhake relaksasi otot sing dhuwur lan efek anestesi sing berpanjangan.
Solusi 0,75% ora kanggo anestesi obstetrik; ing obstetrics, nggunakake mung 0,25 utawa 0,5% solusi. (Deleng Peringatan Kotak lan waca Resiko sing Gegandhengan karo Panganggone Obstetrik Bupivacaine Hydrochloride 0,75% Injeksi miturut Ati-ati.)
75–150 mg (10–20 mL) larutan bupivacaine hydrochloride 0,75% (nganggo utawa tanpa epinefrin) ngasilake blokade motor lengkap. Diwenehake ing dosis tambahan 3-5 ml. Ngidini wektu sing cukup ing antarane dosis kanggo ndeteksi manifestasi beracun saka injeksi intravaskular utawa intratekal sing ora disengaja.
50–100 mg (10–20 mL) larutan bupivacaine hydrochloride 0,5% (nganggo utawa tanpa epinefrin) ngasilake blokade motorik moderat nganti lengkap. Diwenehake kanthi dosis tambahan 3-5 ml. Ngidini wektu sing cukup ing antarane dosis kanggo ndeteksi manifestasi beracun saka injeksi intravaskular utawa intratekal sing ora disengaja.
25–50 mg (10–20 mL) larutan bupivacaine hydrochloride 0,25% (nganggo utawa tanpa epinefrin) ngasilake blokade motor parsial.
Blok Caudal (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride)75–150 mg (15–30 mL) larutan bupivacaine hydrochloride 0,5% (nganggo utawa tanpa epinefrin) ngasilake blokade motorik moderat nganti lengkap.
37,5–75 mg (15–30 mL) larutan bupivakain hidroklorida 0,25% (nganggo utawa tanpa epinefrin) ngasilake blokade motorik moderat.
Blok Saraf Periferal (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride)25 mg (5 mL) nganti dosis maksimal (pirsani Watesan Preskripsi miturut Dosis lan Administrasi) larutan bupivacaine hydrochloride 0,5% (nganggo utawa tanpa epinefrin) ngasilake blokade motor moderat nganti lengkap. .
12,5 mg (5 mL) nganti dosis maksimal (pirsani Watesan Preskripsi miturut Dosis lan Administrasi) larutan bupivacaine hydrochloride 0,25% (nganggo utawa tanpa epinefrin) ngasilake blokade motor moderat nganti lengkap.
Interscalene Brachial Plexus Nerve Block (Liposomal Bupivacaine)Dosis tunggal 133 mg (10 mL) liposomal bupivacaine dianjurake adhedhasar studi ing pasien sing ngalami arthroplasty bahu total utawa ndandani manset rotator.
Blok Retrobulbar (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride)15-30 mg (2-4 mL) bupivacaine hydrochloride 0,75% solusi (nganggo utawa tanpa epinefrin) ngasilake blokade motor lengkap.
Blok simpatik (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride)50–125 mg (20–50 mL) larutan bupivacaine hydrochloride 0,25%.
Infiltrasi Gigi utawa Injeksi Blok menyang Area Maksila lan Mandibular (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride)9 mg (1,8 mL) nganti 90 mg (18 mL) larutan bupivacaine hydrochloride 0,5% saben lungguh dental.
Blok Subarachnoid (Spinal) kanggo Pangiriman Vagina (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride 0,75% ing Dextrose 8,25%)6 mg (0,8 mL) bupivacaine hydrochloride 0,75% ing dextrose 8,25% injeksi ngasilake blok motor lan sensori lengkap. p> Blok Subarachnoid (Spinal) kanggo Seksi Caesar (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride 0,75% ing Dextrose 8,25%)
7,5-10,5 mg (1-1,4 mL) bupivacaine hydrochloride 0,75% ing dextrose 8,25% injeksi ngasilake motor lan sensori blok lengkap.
Blok Subarachnoid (Spinal) kanggo Prosedur Ekstremitas Ngisor lan Perineal (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride 0,75% ing Dextrose 8,25%)7,5 mg (1 mL) bupivacaine hydrochloride 0,75% ing dextrose 8,25% blok injeksi motor lan sensori ngasilake lengkap. .
Blok Subarachnoid (Spinal) kanggo Prosedur Abdomen Ngisor (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride 0,75% ing Dextrose 8,25%)12 mg (1,6 mL) bupivacaine hydrochloride 0,75% ing dekstrosa 8,25% injeksi ngasilake motor lan sensori lengkap.
Batesan Resep
Dewasa
Anestesi Lokal utawa Regional/Analgesia Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Infiltrasi Lokal, Blok Saraf Perifer/Simpatetik, Blok Epidural/Kaudal, Blok Retrobulbar, Blok GigiBatesan dosis maksimal kanggo saben pasien.
Sabagéan gedhé pengalaman nganti saiki nglibataké dosis tunggal nganti 175 mg (tanpa epinefrin) utawa 225 mg (karo epinefrin 1:200.000).
Nganti pengalaman luwih lanjut, pabrikan nyaranake supaya dosis maksimal 400 mg ora ngluwihi ing wektu 24 jam.
Infiltrasi Lokal Liposomal BupivacaineDosis maksimal 266 mg.
Populasi Khusus
Gangguan Hepatik
Gunakake kanthi ati-ati lan ngawasi kanthi ati-ati ing pasien karo penyakit ati.
Gangguan Ginjal
Pikirake kamungkinan tambah risiko keracunan ing pasien sing duwe gangguan ginjel lan pilih dosis sing cocog.
Pasien Geriatrik
Pasien geriatrik mbutuhake dosis suda.
Populasi Liyane
Pasien sing nandhang lara jantung, pasien sing lemes, lan pasien sing lara akut bisa uga mbutuhake dosis sing dikurangi. Suda dosis uga dibutuhake kanggo pasien kanthi tekanan intra-abdomen sing tambah (kalebu pasien obstetrik) sing ngalami anestesi spinal.
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget/PanandhapPènget
Resiko sing Digandhengake karo Panganggone Obstetrik Bupivacaine Hydrochloride 0,75% Injeksi
Risiko kejang, serangan jantung, angel resusitasi, utawa mati sawise blok epidural obstetrik (bisa uga amarga keracunan sistemik sekunder kanggo injeksi intravaskular sing ora disengaja) karo 0,75% bupivacaine hydrochloride. (Deleng Warning Boxed.)
Ora dianjurake kanggo anestesi obstetrik. Cadangan kanggo prosedur bedhah sing mbutuhake relaksasi otot sing dhuwur lan efek anestesi sing berpanjangan.
Pancegahan AdministrasiAmarga potensial kanggo efek salabetipun serius, njupuk pancegahan khusus nalika administrasi. (Deleng Umum lan deleng Potensi Kesalahan Administrasi ing Dosis lan Administrasi.)
Pesthekake yen oksigen, peralatan resusitasi, obat-obatan, lan personel sing dibutuhake kanggo perawatan reaksi salabetipun langsung kasedhiya. Wektu tundha ing manajemen keracunan sing gegandhengan karo dosis bisa nyebabake acidosis, serangan jantung, lan, bisa uga, pati.
Resiko Kondrolisis sing Digandhengake karo Infus Intra-artikular Anestetik LokalKondrolisis (nekrosis lan karusakan saka balung rawan artikular) sing dilapurake ing pasien sing nampa infus intra-artikular terus-terusan saka anestesi lokal, diwenehake kanggo 48-72 jam liwat infus elastomer. piranti, kanggo perawatan nyeri postoperatif. Utamane diamati ing sendi bahu sawise arthroscopic utawa operasi pundhak liyane. Bisa nyebabake cacat jangka panjang; asring mbutuhake intervensi (contone, debridement, arthroplasty). Ora dingerteni manawa obat kasebut, piranti infus, lan / utawa faktor liyane nyumbang kanggo pangembangan kondrolisis. Ora ana piranti anestesi lokal utawa piranti infus elastomer sing disetujoni kanggo terapi infus intra-artikular sing terus-terusan.
Injeksi Intravaskular Tanpa SengajaInjeksi intravaskular sing ora disengaja bisa nyebabake kebingungan, kejang, kasenengan CNS lan/utawa depresi, depresi miokardial, koma, lan/utawa penahanan ambegan. (Deleng Efek SSP lan uga deleng Efek Kardiovaskular, ing Cautions.)
Aspirate sadurunge administrasi kanggo njaga saka injeksi intravaskular.
Bebaya sing Gegandhengan karo Anestesi SpinalAja nyuntikake anestesi spinal sajrone kontraksi uterus, amarga arus cairan spinal bisa nggawa cephalad obat luwih saka sing dikarepake.
Administrasi EpinefrinSawetara preparat hidroklorida bupivacaine ngemot epinefrin, sing bisa nyebabake cedera iskemik utawa nekrosis. Coba pancegahan biasa sing ana gandhengane karo administrasi epinefrin. (Deleng Efek Kardiovaskular ing Ati-ati.)
Reaksi Sensitivitas
Reaksi Hipersensitivitas lan Hipersensitivitas SilangReaksi alergi arang banget. Bisa disebabake sensitivitas kanggo anestesi lokal utawa bahan liyane ing formulasi (contone, metilparaben, sulfit).
Manifestasi kalebu urtikaria, pruritus, eritema, angioedema (kalebu edema laring), tachycardia, wahing, mual, mutahke, pusing, sinkop, kringet sing berlebihan, suhu dhuwur, lan reaksi anafilaktoid (kalebu hipotensi abot).
Hipersensitivitas silang antarane anestesi lokal jinis amida dilaporake.
Sensitivitas SulfitSawetara preparat bupivacaine sing ngandhut epinefrin ngandhut sodium metabisulfit, sing bisa nyebabake reaksi alergi (kalebu anafilaksis lan episode asma sing ngancam nyawa utawa kurang abot) ing individu sing rentan tartamtu.
Pancegahan Umum
Efek SSPKonsentrasi plasma beracun saka anestesi lokal (asil saka panyerepan sistemik) sing digandhengake karo efek SSP sing ala (contone, gelisah, kuatir, pusing, tinnitus, penglihatan kabur, tremor, ngantuk, kejang. ).
Ngawasi kanthi teliti tingkat kesadaran sawise saben injeksi anestesi lokal.
Efek KardiovaskularKonsentrasi plasma beracun saka anestesi lokal (asil saka panyerepan sistemik) sing digandhengake karo efek kardiovaskuler (contone, nyuda output jantung, blok jantung, hipotensi, bradikardia, aritmia ventrikel, serangan jantung). Ngawasi kanthi ati-ati tandha vital kardiovaskular lan ambegan sawise saben injeksi anestesi lokal.
Gunakake kanthi ati-ati ing pasien kanthi fungsi kardiovaskular, hipotensi, utawa blok jantung.
Kamungkinan vasodilatasi perifer lan hipotensi sawise anestesi spinal; ngawasi BP kanthi ati-ati, utamane ing fase awal anestesi. Gunakake anestesi spinal kanthi ati-ati ing pasien kanthi gangguan irama jantung, kejut, utawa blok jantung sing abot.
Sawetara preparat bupivacaine hydrochloride ngandhut epinefrin; risiko respon vasoconstrictor exaggerated ing patients karo penyakit pembuluh darah hipertensi. Gunakake kanthi ati-ati lan kanthi jumlah sing diwatesi kanthi ati-ati ing wilayah awak sing disedhiyakake dening arteri pungkasan utawa duwe gangguan pasokan getih (umpamane, digit, irung, kuping njaba, penis).
Hipertermia Malignant FamilialAkeh obatan sing digunakake sajrone nindakake anestesi bisa nyebabake hipertermia maligna familial; ora dingerteni apa anestesi lokal jinis amida nyebabake reaksi kasebut. Nanging, protokol standar kanggo manajemen kudu kasedhiya. Tandha awal tachycardia, tachypnea, BP labil, lan acidosis metabolik bisa ndhisiki kenaikan suhu. Yen hipertermia ganas familial dikonfirmasi, mungkasi agen pemicu lan miwiti terapi sing cocog (contone, oksigen, dantrolene) lan langkah-langkah pendukung liyane.
Kahanan sing wis ana sadurunge Ngalangi panggunaan anestesi spinalKahanan sing bisa nyegah panggunaan anestesi spinal (gumantung saka evaluasi klinis babagan kahanan lan kemampuan kanggo ngatur komplikasi potensial) kalebu penyakit CNS sing wis ana (contone, penyakit sing ana gandhengane karo pernicious). anemia, poliomielitis, sifilis, tumor); kelainan hematologis predisposisi kanggo koagulopati; terapi antikoagulan saiki; nyeri punggung kronis; sirah preoperative; hipotensi utawa hipertensi; masalah teknis (paresthesias terus-terusan, tunyuk getih terus-terusan); arthritis utawa deformitas balung mburi; umur ekstrem; lan psikosis utawa panyebab liya saka kerjasama pasien sing ora apik.
Panganggone Kombinasi TetepYen digunakake ing kombinasi tetep karo agen liyane, nimbang ati-ati, pancegahan, lan kontraindikasi sing ana gandhengane karo agen sing bebarengan.
Populasi Tertentu
KandhutanOra ana studi sing nyukupi lan dikontrol kanthi apik ing wanita ngandhut; keracunan perkembangan lan pati embriofetal (sawise administrasi sub-Q) diamati ing kewan. Gunakake nalika meteng mung yen manfaat potensial mbenerake risiko potensial kanggo janin.
Tenaga Kerja lan PangirimanHipotensi ibu dilapurake. Kanggo nyegah nyuda tekanan getih, angkat sikil pasien lan posisi pasien ing sisih kiwa. Monitor denyut jantung janin terus-terusan; ngawasi janin elektronik banget dianjurake.
Anestesi epidural bisa ndawakake tahap kapindho saka persalinan (kanthi ngilangi dorongan refleks parturient kanggo nyuda utawa ngganggu fungsi motorik); bisa nambah perlu bantuan forceps.
Kekuwatan otot lan nada otot sing suda ing dina pisanan utawa kaloro bayi.
LaktasiDisebarake menyang susu. Mungkasi nyusoni utawa obat kasebut.
Panggunaan PediatrikBupivacaine hydrochloride konvensional kanthi utawa tanpa epinefrin ora dianjurake kanggo bocah-bocah <12 taun.
Bupivacaine hydrochloride ing injeksi dextrose kanggo anestesi spinal ora dianjurake kanggo bocah-bocah <18 taun.
Efikasi lan safety bupivacaine liposomal ora ditetepake ing pasien pediatrik.
Infus terus-terusan ing bocah-bocah wis nyebabake konsentrasi plasma sing dhuwur (sing bisa nambah risiko efek kardiovaskular sing ala) lan kejang.
Panggunaan GeriatrikPasien geriatri ≥65 taun, utamane sing duwe hipertensi, bisa uga luwih sensitif marang efek hipotensi saka bupivacaine. Sawetara manufaktur nyaranake nyuda dosis.
Kamungkinan tambah risiko keracunan ing pasien geriatrik kanthi gangguan ginjel; monitor fungsi ginjel.
Ora ana prabédan sakabèhé ing safety utawa khasiat bupivacaine liposomal ing pasien geriatrik ≥65 taun dibandhingake karo pasien sing luwih enom.
Gangguan HepatikBisa tambah risiko keracunan, utamane ing pasien sing abot. gangguan hepatik. Gunakake kanthi ati-ati lan ngawasi kanthi rapet kanggo keracunan sistemik anestesi lokal ing pasien kanthi gangguan hepatik moderat nganti abot. (Deleng Gangguan Hepatik ing Dosis lan Administrasi.)
Gagal GinjalDiekskripsikake sacara substansial dening ginjel; kemungkinan tambah risiko keracunan ing pasien kanthi gangguan ginjel. (Deleng Gagal Ginjal ing Dosis lan Administrasi.)
Efek Saru sing Umum
Efek saru padha karo anestesi lokal jinis amida liyane. Efek salabetipun sing paling umum biasane minangka akibat saka konsentrasi plasma sing berlebihan lan kalebu efek CNS lan kardiovaskular. (Deleng Efek SSP lan uga deleng Efek Kardiovaskular, ing Ati-ati.)
Efek salabetipun serius sing paling umum sawise anestesi spinal kalebu hipotensi, paralisis ambegan, lan kurang ventilasi.
Efek saru sing paling umum saka liposomal bupivacaine liwat infiltrasi lokal kalebu mual, constipation, muntah; efek samping sing paling umum saka bupivacaine liposomal liwat blok saraf pleksus brakialis interscalene kalebu mual, pyrexia, lan konstipasi.
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Bupivacaine (Local)
Pertimbangake interaksi obat sing biasane ana gandhengane karo administrasi epinefrin.
Obat Spesifik
Obat
Interaksi
Komentar
Anestesi, umum
Preparat bupivacaine sing ngemot epinefrin: Kemungkinan aritmia jantung sing serius amarga komponen epinefrin
Antidepresan, trisiklik
Persediaan bupivacaine sing ngandhut epinefrin: Kemungkinan hipertensi sing abot lan dawa amarga komponen epinefrin
Aja nggunakake bebarengan; yen perlu nggunakake bebarengan, ngawasi pasien kanthi ati-ati
Butyrophenone
Persediaan bupivacaine sing ngandhut epinefrin: Kemungkinan ngurangi utawa mbalikke efek pressor saka epinefrin
Oxytocics alkaloid ergot (ergonovine, methylergonovine)
Persediaan bupivacaine sing ngandhut epinefrin: Bisa hipertensi abot, terus-terusan utawa kacilakan serebrovaskular amarga komponen epinefrin
Aja nggunakake bebarengan
Inhibitor MAO
Persediaan bupivacaine sing ngandhut epinefrin: Bisa uga hipertensi abot lan dawa amarga komponen epinefrin
Aja nggunakake bebarengan; yen perlu, kanthi ati-ati ngawasi pasien
Phenothiazines
Persediaan bupivacaine sing ngemot epinefrin: Kemungkinan nyuda utawa mbalikke efek pressor epinefrin
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