Ceftolozane/Tazobactam (Systemic)
Kelas obat: Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Ceftolozane/Tazobactam (Systemic)
Infeksi intra-abdomen
Pengobatan infeksi intra-abdomen rumit sing disebabake dening Enterobacter colacae sing rentan, EscheriChia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, K. pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacteroides fragilis anggrek. constellatus, utawa S. salivarius; digunakake bebarengan karo metronidazole.
Infeksi Saluran Kemih
Pengobatan infeksi saluran kemih sing rumit, kalebu pyelonephritis, sing disebabake dening E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, utawa Ps. aeruginosa.
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Carane nggunakake Ceftolozane/Tazobactam (Systemic)
Administrasi
Administrasi kanthi infus IV.
Injeksi IV
Aja dicampur karo utawa ditambahake menyang solusi sing ngemot obat liyane.
RekonstitusiReconstitute vial dosis siji saka ceftolozane lan tazobactam kanthi label ngemot 1,5 g (ceftolozane 1 g lan tazobactam 0,5 g) kanthi nambahake 10 ml banyu steril kanggo injeksi utawa injeksi natrium klorida 0,9% menyang vial; goyangake alon-alon nganti isi larut.
PengenceranSadurungé infus IV, solusi sing wis direkonstitusi kudu luwih diencerake.
Kanggo nyiyapake dosis sing dituduhake, copot volume sing cocog saka solusi sing dikonstitusi saka vial lan tambahake menyang 100 ml natrium klorida 0,9% utawa injeksi Dextrose 5%. (Deleng Tabel 1.) Solusi kudu katon bening lan ora ana warna nganti rada kuning.
Tabel 1. Pengenceran Ceftolozane lan Tazobactam1 sing diencerake manehDosis sing disaranake Ceftolozane lan Tazobactam
Volume kanggo Dibuwang saka Reconstituted Vial kanggo Dilusi Luwih
1,5 g (ceftolozane 1 g lan tazobactam 0,5 g)
11,4 mL (isi kabeh)
750 mg (ceftolozane 500 mg lan tazobactam 250 mg)
5,7 mL
375 mg (ceftolozane 250 mg lan tazobactam 125 mg)
2,9 mL
150 mg (ceftolozane 100 mg lan tazobactam 50 mg)
1,2 mL
Tingkat AdministrasiAdministrasi kanthi infus IV sajrone 1 jam.
Dispensing lan Dosis lan Pancegahan AdministrasiFDA menehi tandha marang profesional kesehatan babagan risiko kesalahan obat kanthi ceftolozane lan tazobactam. Kesalahan kedadeyan nalika nyiapake solusi kanggo infus IV, nyebabake administrasi dosis sing salah (50% overdosis ing sawetara kasus), lan amarga kebingungan babagan carane dosis kombinasi tetep dituduhake (total dosis saben 2 aktif). komponen) lan carane kekuatan tamba ditampilake ing label vial lan kemasan karton. Kanggo nyegah kesalahan kasebut, label vial lan kemasan karton direvisi kanggo nuduhake kekuatan kombinasi tetep minangka total 2 komponen aktif.
Sing ngerti yen dosis ceftolozane lan tazobactam dituduhake minangka total (jumlah) saka dosis saben 2 komponen aktif (yaiku, dosis ceftolozane ditambah dosis tazobactam). Coba konvensi dosis iki nalika menehi resep, nyiapake, lan nyebarake ceftolozane lan tazobactam. FDA ndesek profesional kesehatan lan pasien kanggo nglaporake kesalahan pengobatan lan efek samping obat kasebut menyang program MedWatch FDA.
Dosis
Kasedhiya minangka kombinasi tetep sing ngemot rasio 2:1 ceftolozane kanggo tazobactam .
Komponèn ceftolozane sing disedhiyakake minangka ceftolozane sulfate (dosis komponen iki ditulis nganggo ceftolozane); komponèn tazobactam diwenehake minangka natrium tazobactam (dosis komponen iki ditulis nganggo tazobactam).
Dosis kombinasi tetep ceftolozane lan tazobactam sing dituduhake ing jumlah total isi ceftolozane lan tazobactam.
Saben vial dosis siji ngemot total 1,5 g (yaiku, 1 g ceftolozane lan 0,5 g saka tazobactam).
Dewasa
Infeksi intra-abdomen IV1,5 g (ceftolozane 1 g lan tazobactam 0,5 g) saben 8 jam diwenehi bebarengan karo metronidazole (500 mg IV saben 8 jam).
Durasi perawatan sing disaranake yaiku 4-14 dina. Durasi gumantung saka lokasi lan keruwetan infeksi lan kemajuan klinis lan bakteriologis pasien.
Infeksi Saluran Kemih IV1,5 g (ceftolozane 1 g lan tazobactam 0,5 g) saben 8 jam.
Pengobatan sing disaranake durasi punika 7 dina. Durasi gumantung saka lokasi lan keruwetan infeksi lan kemajuan klinis lan bakteriologis pasien.
Populasi Khusus
Gangguan Hepatik
Panyesuaian dosis ora dibutuhake ing wong diwasa kanthi gangguan hepatik.
Gangguan Ginjal
Setel dosis ing wong diwasa kanthi Clcr ≤50 mL/menit, kalebu sing ngalami hemodialisis. (Deleng Tabel 2.)
Monitor Clcr paling sethithik sapisan saben dina ing pasien kanthi owah-owahan fungsi ginjel; nyetel dosis sing cocog.
Ing dina hemodialisis, aturake dosis sanalika bisa sawise dialisis.
Tabel 2. Dosis Ceftolozane lan Tazobactam kanggo Wong Dewasa kanthi Gagal Ginjal1Estimasi Clcr (mL/menit)
Dosis Rekomendasi
30–50
750 mg (ceftolozane 500 mg lan tazobactam 250 mg) saben 8 jam
15-29
375 mg (ceftolozane 250 mg lan tazobactam 125 mg) saben 8 jam
Penyakit ginjel tahap pungkasan ing hemodialisis
Single loading dose 750 mg (ceftolozane 500 mg lan tazobactam 250 mg) banjur dosis pangopènan 150 mg (ceftolozane 100 mg lan tazobactam 50 mg) saben 8 jam
Pasien Geriatri
Panyesuaian dosis mung adhedhasar umur sing ora dibutuhake. Pilih dosis kanthi ati-ati lan ngawasi fungsi ginjel amarga pasien geriatrik luwih cenderung nyuda fungsi ginjel tinimbang wong diwasa sing luwih enom.
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget/PanandhapReaksi Sensitivitas
Reaksi hipersensitivitas (anafilaksis) sing serius lan kadhangkala fatal sing dilapurake ing pasien sing nampa antibakteri β-laktam. Sadurunge miwiti terapi, priksa kanthi ati-ati babagan reaksi hipersensitivitas sadurunge pasien marang cephalosporin, penisilin, utawa β-laktam liyane.
Gunakake kanthi ati-ati ing pasien alergi cephalosporin, penisilin, utawa β-laktam liyane; sensitivitas silang antarane β-laktam ditetepake.
Yen ana reaksi anafilaksis, mungkasi ceftolozane lan tazobactam lan miwiti terapi sing cocog.
Penurunan Khasiat ing Pasien Kanthi Gagal Ginjal Moderate
Ing analisis subkelompok pasien kanthi infeksi intra-abdominal sing rumit ing uji klinis fase 3, tingkat kesembuhan klinis ing pasien kanthi gangguan ginjel moderat (baseline Clcr of 30-50 mL / menit) sing nampa ceftolozane lan tazobactam bebarengan karo metronidazole yaiku 47,8% dibandhingake karo tingkat penyembuhan klinis 85,2% ing wong sing duwe fungsi ginjel normal utawa mung gangguan ginjel entheng (Clcr ≥50 mL / menit). Tren sing padha uga diamati ing uji klinis sing ngevaluasi ceftolozane lan tazobactam kanggo infeksi saluran kemih sing rumit.
Monitor Clcr paling sethithik sapisan saben dina ing pasien kanthi fungsi ginjel sing owah; nyetel dosis sesuai. (Deleng Gagal Ginjal ing Caution.)
Superinfection/Clostridium difficile-associated Diare and Colitis (CDAD)
Kamungkinan muncule lan tuwuh akeh bakteri utawa jamur sing ora rentan. Ngawasi kanthi teliti, nindakake terapi sing cocok yen ana superinfeksi.
Pengobatan kanthi anti-infèksi bisa ngowahi flora usus normal lan bisa ngidini Clostridium difficile tuwuh. C. difficile infection (CDI) lan C. difficile-related diare and colitis (CDAD; uga dikenal minangka diare lan kolitis sing ana gandhengane karo antibiotik utawa kolitis pseudomembranous) sing dilapurake kanthi meh kabeh anti-infèksi, kalebu ceftolozane lan tazobactam, lan bisa uga beda-beda. saka diare entheng nganti kolitis fatal. C. difficile ngasilake racun A lan B sing nyumbang kanggo pangembangan CDAD; galur C. difficile sing ngasilake hipertoksin digandhengake karo tambah morbiditas lan mortalitas amarga bisa uga refrakter kanggo anti-infèksi lan kolektomi bisa uga dibutuhake.
Coba CDAD yen diare berkembang sajrone utawa sawise terapi lan ngatur kanthi bener. Entuk riwayat medis sing ati-ati amarga CDAD bisa kedadeyan nganti ≥2 wulan sawise terapi anti-infektif dihentikan.
Yen CDAD dicurigai utawa dikonfirmasi, mandhegake anti-infèksi sing ora ditujokake marang C. difficile yen bisa. Miwiti terapi dhukungan sing cocog (umpamane, manajemen cairan lan elektrolit, suplemen protein), terapi anti-infektif sing diarahake marang C. difficile (umpamane, metronidazole, vancomycin), lan evaluasi bedah kaya sing dituduhake sacara klinis.
Pamilihan lan Panggunaan Anti-infèksi
Kanggo nyuda pangembangan bakteri tahan obat lan njaga efektifitas ceftolozane lan tazobactam lan antibakteri liyane, gunakake mung kanggo perawatan utawa nyegah infeksi sing wis kabukten utawa dicurigai kuat. disebabake bakteri sing rentan.
Nalika milih utawa ngowahi terapi anti-infeksi, gunakake asil kultur lan tes kerentanan in vitro. Yen ora ana data kasebut, nimbang pola epidemiologi lan kerentanan lokal nalika milih anti-infèksi kanggo terapi empiris.
Panganggone Kombinasi Tetep
Pertimbangake ati-ati, pancegahan, kontraindikasi, lan interaksi obat sing ana gandhengane karo obat kasebut ing kombinasi tetep. Coba informasi ati-ati sing ditrapake kanggo populasi tartamtu (umpamane, wanita ngandhut utawa nyusoni, wong sing duwe gangguan hepatik utawa ginjel, pasien geriatrik) kanggo obat kasebut.
Nalika menehi resep, nyiapake, lan nyebarake ceftolozane lan tazobactam, nimbang dosis kasebut. saka kombinasi tetep dituduhake minangka total (jumlah) dosis saben 2 komponen aktif (yaiku, dosis ceftolozane ditambah dosis tazobactam). (Deleng Dispensing and Dosage and Administration Precautions ing Dosage and Administration.)
Populasi Tertentu
KandhutanKategori B.
Gunakake nalika meteng mung yen manfaat potensial kanggo wong wadon mbenerake risiko potensial kanggo janin.
Ora cukup lan apik. - sinau sing dikontrol ing wanita ngandhut. Ing kéwan, ora ana bukti keracunan janin kanthi dosis ceftolozane utawa tazobactam sing diuji; ceftolozane digandhengake karo melorot respon kaget pendengaran ing dina postnatal 60 pups lanang; tazobactam digandhengake karo nyuda konsumsi pangan ibu lan bobot awak nalika pungkasan meteng lan tambah kedadeyan bayi mati.
LaktasiOra dingerteni manawa ceftolozane utawa tazobactam disebarake menyang susu manungsa.
Gunakake kanthi ati-ati. ing wanita sing nyusoni.
Panggunaan PediatrikKeamanan lan khasiat ora ditetepake ing pasien <18 taun.
Panggunaan GeriatrikKedadean efek samping sing luwih dhuwur ing pasien ≥65 taun dibandhingake karo sing luwih enom diwasa.
Tingkat penyembuhan klinis ing pasien geriatrik sing diobati karo ceftolozane lan tazobactam bebarengan karo metronidazole kanggo infeksi intra-abdomen sing rumit yaiku 69% dibandhingake karo tingkat penyembuhan 82,4% ing klompok pembanding. Bedane ing tarif tamba antarane ceftolozane lan tazobactam regimen lan regimen comparator ora diamati ing geriatric patients karo infèksi saluran kemih rumit.
Ceftolozane lan tazobactam substansial diilangi dening ginjel; risiko efek salabetipun bisa luwih gedhe ing wong sing duwe fungsi ginjel mboten saget. Amarga pasien geriatrik luwih cenderung nyuda fungsi ginjel, pilih dosis kanthi ati-ati lan nimbang ngawasi fungsi ginjel. Nyetel dosis ing pasien geriatrik adhedhasar fungsi ginjel.
Gangguan HepatikCeftolozane lan tazobactam ora ngalami metabolisme hepatik; gangguan hepatik ora samesthine mengaruhi reresik sistemik.
Gagal ginjelCeftolozane, tazobactam, lan metabolit tazobactam M1 diilangi dening ginjel.
Setel dosis ing wong diwasa kanthi gangguan ginjel moderat utawa abot (Clcr ≤50 mL/menit), kalebu sing ngalami hemodialisis. Monitor Clcr paling ora sapisan dina ing pasien kanthi fungsi ginjel sing owah; nyetel dosis sesuai. (Deleng Gagal Ginjal ing Dosis lan Administrasi.)
Efek Umum sing Sabar
Efek GI (mual, diare ), sirah, pyrexia.
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Ceftolozane/Tazobactam (Systemic)
Ceftolozane, tazobactam, lan tazobactam metabolit M1 ora nyandhet CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, utawa 3A4 lan ora nyebabake CYP1A2, 2B6, utawa 3A4 in vitro. In vitro, ceftolozane, tazobactam, lan M1 nyuda aktivitas enzim CYP1A2 lan 2B6 lan tingkat mRNA ing hepatosit manungsa. Ceftolozane, tazobactam, lan M1 nyuda tingkat mRNA CYP3A4 ing vitro ing konsentrasi plasma supratherapeutic; M1 nyuda aktivitas CYP3A4 ing konsentrasi plasma supratherapeutic.
Tazobactam minangka substrat transporter anion organik (OAT) 1 lan OAT3.
Tazobactam nyegah OAT1 lan OAT3 in vitro; ceftolozane ora nyandhet OAT1 utawa OAT3.
Ceftolozane lan tazobactam dudu substrat utawa inhibitor P-glikoprotein (P-gp) utawa protein tahan kanker payudara (BCRP); tazobactam dudu substrat pengangkut kation organik (OCT) 2.
Ceftolozane lan tazobactam ora nyandhet polipeptida pengangkut anion organik (OATP) 1B1 utawa 1B3, utawa OCT1 utawa OCT2, utawa pompa ekspor uyah empedu (BSEP) ing konsentrasi plasma terapeutik.
Ceftolozane ora nyandhet multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) utawa multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) 1 utawa 2-K.
Interaksi obat ing ngisor iki yaiku adhedhasar studi nggunakake ceftolozane lan tazobactam, ceftolozane piyambak, utawa tazobactam piyambak. Nalika ceftolozane lan tazobactam digunakake, nimbang interaksi sing digandhengake karo obat kasebut ing kombinasi tetep.
Obat sing Ngaruhi utawa Metabolisme dening Enzim Mikrosomal Hepatik
Inhibitor utawa induser enzim CYP: Interaksi obat ora dikarepake.
Obat sing Ngaruhi utawa Dipengaruhi dening Pengangkut Anion Organik
OAT1 lan/utawa OAT3 inhibitor: Konsentrasi plasma tazobactam bisa tambah.
Substrat OAT1 utawa OAT3: Interaksi sing penting sacara klinis ora samesthine.
Obat Spesifik
Obat
Interaksi
Metronidazole
Ora ana bukti in vitro saka efek antibakteri antagonis
Anti-infektif liyane (amikacin, aztreonam , daptomycin, levofloxacin, linezolid, meropenem, rifampisin, tigecycline, vancomycin)
Ora ana bukti efek antagonis in vitro
Probenecid
Panganggone probenecid bebarengan (OAT1). /OAT3 inhibitor) lan tazobactam nambahake setengah umur tazobactam nganti 71%
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