Cysteamine Bitartrate
Kelas obat: Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Cysteamine Bitartrate
Cystinosis
Pengobatan cystinosis nephropathic (ditunjuk minangka obat yatim piatu dening FDA kanggo panggunaan iki).
Kapsul cysteamine bitartrate (Cystagon) sing diluncurake langsung dituduhake kanggo digunakake ing bocah-bocah lan wong diwasa. Kapsul pelepasan tundha lan granula lisan (Procysbi) dituduhake kanggo digunakake ing pasien diwasa lan bocah umur ≥1 taun.
Terapi cysteamine oral awal lan jangka panjang wis ditampilake kanggo njaga fungsi glomerulus ginjel lan nyuda utawa nyegah komplikasi ekstra ginjal kayata retardasi pertumbuhan lan hipotiroidisme.
Terapi cystamine kudu dianggep kanggo kabeh pasien karo cystinosis nephropathic tanpa preduli saka umur lan status transplantasi, lan terapi kasebut kudu diterusake seumur hidup.
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Carane nggunakake Cysteamine Bitartrate
Umum
Pantauan Pasien
Administrasi
Administrasi Oral
Cysteamine bitartrate diwenehake kanthi lisan. Obat kasebut kasedhiya kanthi komersial minangka kapsul rilis langsung utawa kapsul rilis sing ditundha utawa granul lisan.
Cysteamine sing diluncurake langsungKapsul sing diluncurake langsung (Cystagon) diwenehake saben 6 jam; kapsul bisa ditelan wutuh utawa kabeh isi kapsul (s) bisa sprinkled ing pangan. Produsen nyaranake supaya kapsul cysteamine sing utuh ora bisa diwenehake kanggo bocah-bocah ing umur kurang saka 6 taun amarga risiko aspirasi; ing pasien kasebut, kapsul bisa diwenehake kanthi sprinkling isi kapsul ing pangan.
Cysteamine sing dibebasake sing ditundhaKapsul cysteamine bitartrate (Procysbi) sing dibebasake sing ditundha diwenehake saben 12 jam. Kapsul kudu ditelan wutuh kanthi jus woh (kajaba jus jeruk bali) utawa banyu; aja ngremuk utawa ngunyah kapsul utawa isine. Kanggo pasien sing ora bisa ngulu kapsul, kapsul bisa dibukak lan isi kapsul disiram lan dicampur karo saus apel, sele berry, utawa jus buah (kajaba jus jeruk bali) lan diwenehake kanthi lisan. Kanggo pasien sing duwe tabung gastrostomi, kapsul bisa dibukak lan isi kapsul dicampur ing saus apel lan diwènèhaké.
Cysteamine bitartrate delayed-release granules lisan kudu disiram lan dicampur ing saus apel, berry jelly, utawa jus woh. (kajaba jus grapefruit) lan diwenehake kanthi lisan; aja ngremuk utawa ngunyah granula lisan. Kanggo pasien sing duwe tabung gastrostomi, granula lisan bisa dicampur ing saus apel lan diwenehake.
Aja mangan paling sethithik 2 jam sadurunge njupuk cysteamine sing dibebasake-tundha lan paling sethithik 30 menit sawise kanggo maksimalake panyerepan. Yen pasien ora bisa njupuk obat kasebut tanpa mangan, gunakake kanthi panganan nanging mbatesi jumlah nganti kira-kira 4 ons (½ tuwung) sajrone 1 jam sadurunge nganti 1 jam sawise njupuk cysteamine. Atur obat kasebut kanthi konsisten babagan panganan lan aja mangan panganan lemak sing cedhak karo dosis. Atur cysteamine paling sethithik 1 jam sadurunge utawa 1 jam sawise obat sing ngemot bikarbonat utawa karbonat, lan aja nganti alkohol nalika njupuk cysteamine.
Dosis
Kasedhiya minangka cysteamine bitartrate; dosis ditulis ing istilah cysteamine.
Miwiti terapi cysteamine sakcepete sawise diagnosa cystinosis nephropathic dikonfirmasi.
Pasien Pediatrik
Cystinosis Nephropathic (Kapsul Cysteamine Langsung-release) OralDosis awal ing pasien naif perawatan kudu 1/6–¼ saka dosis pangopènan; nambah dosis mboko sithik kanggo nyilikake efek salabetipun. Dosis pangopènan kudu digayuh sawisé 4 nganti 6 minggu mundhak dosis tambahan.
Pasien sing lagi ngonsumsi cysteamine hydrochloride utawa phosphocysteamine bisa ditransfer menyang dosis equimolar saka cysteamine bitartrate langsung-release.
Yen pasien ora bisa ngidinke cysteamine ing wiwitan amarga efek sing ora becik, nundha terapi kanggo sementara, banjur ganti maneh ing dosis sing luwih murah lan mboko sithik tambah menyang dosis sing cocog. ing pasien pediatrik sing naif perawatan ≤12 taun yaiku 1,3 g / m2 saben dina ing 4 dosis dibagi sing diwenehake saben 6 jam. (Deleng Tabel 1.)
Tabel 1. Dosis Pemeliharaan Cysteamine Langsung-release 1,3 g/m2 Saben dina1Bobot ing Pound
Dosis Cysteamine Saben 6 jam (mg)
0–10
100
11–20
150
21–30
200
31–40
250
41–50
300
51–70
350
71–90
400
91–110
450
luwih saka 110
500
Dosis pangopènan sing disaranake saka cysteamine langsung-release ing pasien pediatrik sing ora ngobati > umur 12 taun kanthi bobote > 110 kilogram yaiku 2 g saben dina ing 4 dosis dibagi.
Sawise dosis pangopènan wis rampung, entuk pangukuran cystine leukosit 5 nganti 6 jam sawise administrasi dosis ing pasien sing naif perawatan. Pasien sing ditransfer saka cysteamine hydrochloride utawa phosphocysteamine menyang cysteamine bitartrate sing dibebasake langsung kudu diukur tingkat cystine WBC ing 2 minggu, lan saben 3 sasi sabanjure kanggo netepake dosis optimal.
Dosis titrasi kanggo nggayuh tujuan cystine WBC < 1 nmol ½ sistin/mg protein. Nemtokake konsentrasi sistin WBC lan tambah dosis yen sistin WBC>2 nmol ½ sistin/mg protein. Bisa nambah dosis nganti maksimal 1,95 g / m2 saben dina kanggo entuk tingkat iki; Nanging, sawetara pasien bisa uga ora ngidinke dosis iki.
Yen dosis ora kejawab, njupuk dosis sanalika bisa, kajaba ana ing 2 jam saka dosis sabanjure, mula dosis kasebut kudu dilewati lan jadwal dosis biasa diterusake. Aja dobel dosis kanggo ngganti dosis sing ora kejawab.
Nephropathic Cystinosis (Delayed-release Cysteamine Capsules or Oral Granules) OralPasien anak naif perawatan ≥1 taun: dosis awal sing disaranake kudu 1 / 6–¼ saka dosis pangopènan; Tambah dosis kanthi bertahap nganti dosis pangopènan 1,3 g / m2 saben dina ing 2 dosis dibagi saben 12 jam. (Deleng Tabel 2.)
Ing pasien 1 taun nganti <6 taun, tambah dosis kanthi nambah 10% kanggo dosis pangopènan nalika ngawasi konsentrasi sistin WBC; ngidini paling sethithik 2 minggu antarane panyesuaian dosis.
Ing pasien ≥6 taun, nambah dosis kanthi bertahap sajrone 4-6 minggu nganti dosis pangopènan tekan.
Yen pasien ora bisa ngidinke cysteamine ing wiwitan amarga efek sing ora becik, ngurangi dosis banjur mboko sithik nambah maneh menyang dosis pangopènan.
Tabel 2. Dosis Pangopènan Cysteamine sing ditundha 1,3 g/m2 Saben dina.2Bobot ing kilogram
Dosis Cysteamine Delayed-Release Capsules Saben 12 jam (mg)
≤5
200
6 –10
300
11–15
400
16–20
500
21–25
600
26–30
700
31–40
800
41–50
900
≥51
1000
Temtokake konsentrasi sistin WBC lan atur dosis sing cocog; nimbang faktor liyane kayata ketaatan obat, interval dosis, wektu antarane dosis pungkasan lan pengambilan getih kanggo pangukuran laboratorium, lan faktor administrasi liyane sadurunge nyetel dosis. Ing pasien sing naif perawatan 1 taun nganti kurang saka 6 taun, entuk pangukuran 2 minggu sawise miwiti perawatan cysteamine lan terus ngawasi sajrone periode titrasi dosis nganti target terapi konsentrasi sistin WBC tekan. Yen wis rampung, terusake ngawasi saben wulan sajrone 3 wulan, banjur saben wulan sajrone 1 taun, banjur kaping pindho saben taun, paling ora. Ing pasien naif perawatan ≥6 taun, entuk pangukuran sawise tekan dosis cysteamine pangopènan, banjur ngawasi saben wulan kanggo 3 sasi, saben wulan kanggo 1 taun, lan banjur kaping pindho saben taun, paling sethithik.
Sawise dosis pangopènan diraih, dosis titrasi luwih lanjut kanggo nggayuh sistin WBC <1 nmol ½ sistin/mg protein. Yen panyesuaian dosis dibutuhake, tambahake dosis kanthi 10%, dibunderake menyang dosis paling cedhak sing bisa diwenehake kanthi nggunakake kekuatan kapsul utawa paket granula lisan sing kasedhiya, nganti dosis maksimal 1,95 g / m2 saben dina. Kanggo pasien 1 taun nganti kurang saka 6 taun, ngidini paling sethithik 2 minggu antarane nambah dosis.
Yen dosis ora kejawab, njupuk dosis kasebut sanalika bisa nganti 8 jam sawise wektu sing dijadwalake. . Yen dosis sing dijadwal sabanjure kurang saka 4 jam, lewati dosis sing ora kejawab lan njupuk dosis sabanjure ing wektu sing dijadwalake. Aja njupuk dosis kaping pindho kanggo ngganti dosis sing ora kejawab.
Dewasa
Sistinosis Nephropathic (Kapsul Cysteamine Langsung) OralDosis awal ing pasien naif perawatan kudu 1/ 6–¼ saka dosis pangopènan; nambah dosis mboko sithik kanggo nyilikake efek salabetipun. Dosis pangopènan kudu digayuh sawisé 4 nganti 6 minggu mundhak dosis tambahan.
Pasien sing lagi ngonsumsi cysteamine hydrochloride utawa phosphocysteamine bisa ditransfer menyang dosis equimolar saka cysteamine bitartrate langsung-release.
Yen pasien ora bisa ngidinke cysteamine ing wiwitan amarga efek sing ora becik, nundha terapi kanggo sementara, banjur ganti maneh ing dosis sing luwih murah lan mboko sithik tambah menyang dosis sing cocog. ing wong diwasa naif perawatan sing bobote >110 kilogram yaiku 2 g saben dina ing 4 dosis dibagi.
Sawise dosis pangopènan digayuh, entuk pangukuran cystine leukosit 5 nganti 6 jam sawise administrasi dosis ing pasien sing naif perawatan. Pasien sing ditransfer saka cysteamine hydrochloride utawa phosphocysteamine menyang cysteamine bitartrate sing dibebasake langsung kudu diukur tingkat cystine WBC ing 2 minggu, lan saben 3 sasi sabanjure kanggo netepake dosis optimal.
Dosis titrasi kanggo nggayuh tujuan cystine WBC < 1 nmol ½ sistin/mg protein. Nemtokake konsentrasi sistin WBC lan tambah dosis yen sistin WBC>2 nmol ½ sistin/mg protein. Bisa nambah dosis nganti maksimal 1,95 g / m2 saben dina kanggo entuk tingkat iki; Nanging, sawetara pasien bisa uga ora ngidinke dosis iki.
Yen dosis ora kejawab, njupuk dosis sanalika bisa, kajaba ana ing 2 jam saka dosis sabanjure, mula dosis kasebut kudu dilewati lan jadwal dosis biasa diterusake. Aja dobel dosis kanggo ngganti dosis sing ora kejawab.
Nephropathic Cystinosis (Delayed-release Cysteamine Capsules or Oral Granules) OralPasien naif perawatan: dosis awal sing dianjurake kudu 1/6–¼ saka dosis. dosis pangopènan; Tambah dosis kanthi bertahap nganti dosis pangopènan 1,3 g / m2 saben dina ing 2 dosis dibagi saben 12 jam. (Deleng Tabel 2.)
Tambahake dosis kanthi bertahap sajrone 4-6 minggu nganti dosis pangopènan bisa diraih.
Yen pasien ora bisa ngidinke cysteamine ing wiwitan amarga ana efek samping, ngurangi dosis lan banjur mboko sithik tambah maneh menyang dosis pangopènan.
Temtokake konsentrasi cystine WBC lan atur dosis sing cocog; nimbang faktor liyane kayata ketaatan obat, interval dosis, wektu antarane dosis pungkasan lan pengambilan getih kanggo pangukuran laboratorium, lan faktor administrasi liyane sadurunge nyetel dosis. Ing pasien sing naif perawatan, entuk pangukuran sawise tekan dosis cysteamine pangopènan, banjur ngawasi saben wulan kanggo 3 sasi, saben seprapat kanggo 1 taun, lan banjur kaping pindho saben taun, ing minimal.
Sawise dosis pangopènan wis diraih. , dosis titrasi luwih kanggo nggayuh sistin WBC <1 nmol ½ sistin/mg protein. Yen panyesuaian dosis dibutuhake, tambahake dosis kanthi 10%, dibunderake menyang dosis paling cedhak sing bisa diwenehake nggunakake kekuatan kapsul utawa paket granula lisan sing kasedhiya, nganti dosis maksimal 1,95 g/m2 saben dina.
Yen dosis ora kejawab, njupuk dosis kasebut sanalika bisa nganti 8 jam sawise wektu sing dijadwalake. Yen dosis sing dijadwalake sabanjure kurang saka 4 jam, lewati dosis sing ora kejawab lan njupuk dosis sabanjure ing wektu sing dijadwalake. Aja njupuk dosis kaping pindho kanggo ngganti dosis sing ora kejawab.
Batesan Resep
Pasien Anak
Nephropathic Cystinosis Oral1,95 g/m2 saben dina.
Dewasa
Sistinosis Nefropati Oral1,95 g/m2 saben dina.
Populasi Khusus
Gangguan Hepatik
Ora ana rekomendasi dosis populasi khusus ing wektu iki.
Gangguan Ginjal
Ora ana rekomendasi dosis populasi khusus ing wektu iki.
Pasien Geriatri
Ora ana rekomendasi dosis populasi khusus ing wektu iki.
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget/PanandhapPancegahan Umum
Sindrom kaya Ehlers-Danlos
Lesi kulit lan balung sing meh padha karo sindrom kaya Ehlers-Danlos sing dilapurake ing pasien sing njupuk cysteamine dosis dhuwur. Temuan klinis kalebu pseudotumor moluskoid (lesi hemorrhagic ungu), striae kulit, lesi balung (contone, osteopenia, fraktur kompresi, scoliosis, lan valgum genu), nyeri sikil, lan hiperekstensi sendi.
Pantau kelainan kulit lan balung: yen ana kelainan, kurangi dosis cysteamine.
Reaksi DermatologiReaksi kulit sing abot kayata erythema multiforme bullosa lan necrolysis epidermal beracun sing dilapurake.
Ngawasi kulit lan balung pasien kanthi rutin. Yen ruam kulit berkembang, mungkasi cysteamine nganti ruam rampung; bisa miwiti maneh obat kanthi dosis sing luwih murah ing pengawasan sing cedhak lan alon-alon titrasi menyang dosis terapeutik. Mungkasi terapi kanthi permanen ing pasien sing ngalami ruam kulit sing abot (umpamane, erythema multiforme bullosa lan necrolysis epidermal beracun).
GI Ulser lan PerdarahanGejala GI (contone, mual, muntah, diare) minangka efek samping sing umum saka cysteamine. Pendarahan GI lan ulkus uga dilapurake.
Coba ngurangi dosis yen ana gejala GI sing abot.
Kolonopati FibrosingKolonopati fibrosing, kalebu pembentukan striktur kolon, dilapurake sajrone pengalaman pasca pemasaran kanthi pelepasan cysteamine bitartrate (Procysbi). Gejala sing dilapurake kalebu nyeri abdomen, muntah, diare getih utawa terus-terusan, lan inkontinensia fecal.
Evaluasi pasien kanthi gejala weteng sing abot, terus-terusan, lan/utawa saya tambah parah kanggo kolonopati fibrosing. Yen diagnosis dikonfirmasi, mandhegake cysteamine sing dibebasake kanthi telat lan ngalih menyang kapsul sing dibebasake langsung. Hubungan antara kopolimer asam metakrilat-etil akrilat (bahan sing ora aktif ing cysteamine sing dibebasake sing ditundha) lan kolonopati fibrosing ora bisa diilangi.
Efek CNSGejala CNS (contone, kejang, lesu, ngantuk, depresi, encephalopathy ) kacarita. Komplikasi neurologis uga diterangake ing sawetara pasien cystinosis sing ora nampa terapi cysteamine.
Ngawasi pasien kanggo gejala CNS; nyuda dosis yen gejala CNS abot utawa terus-terusan.
Pasien ora kudu nyopir, ngoperasikake mesin, utawa nglakoni aktivitas mbebayani liyane nganti ngerti carane obat kasebut bakal mengaruhi dheweke.
LeukopeniaLeukopenia sing bisa dibalèkaké lan tingkat fosfatase alkalin sing munggah pangkat kadhangkala dilapurake; ngawasi jumlah getih sajrone terapi cysteamine.
Pantau jumlah WBC lan tingkat fosfatase alkalin. Yen nilai tes tetep munggah, nimbang nyuda dosis utawa mandhegake obat nganti nilai kasebut bali menyang normal.
Hipertensi intrakranial jinakHipertensi intrakranial jinak (utawa pseudotumor cerebri [PTC]) lan/utawa papilledema kacarita. Hubungan sebab-akibat kanggo obat kasebut durung ditetepake.
Monitor gejala PTC kalebu sirah, tinnitus, pusing, mual, diplopia, sesanti burem, mundhut sesanti, nyeri ing mburi mripat, utawa nyeri nalika gerakan mripat. Nindakake pemeriksaan mata periodik; miwiti perawatan kanthi cepet kanggo nyegah mundhut sesanti ing pasien sing ngalami PTC.
Populasi Tertentu
KandhutanOra ana data babagan panggunaan cysteamine ing wanita ngandhut kanggo menehi informasi babagan risiko sing ana gandhengane karo obat kanggo cacat lair utawa keguguran. Cysteamine (diwenehake minangka cysteamine bitartrate) ana teratogenik lan fetotoksik ing tikus kanthi dosis kurang saka dosis pangopènan manungsa sing disaranake.
LaktasiOra dingerteni manawa cysteamine oral disebarake menyang susu manungsa utawa obat kasebut duweni efek ing bayi sing nyusoni utawa ing produksi susu. Nyusoni ora dianjurake.
Panggunaan PediatrikKeslametan lan khasiat ditetepake ing pasien pediatrik; tamba wis disetujoni kanggo nggunakake ing patients kuwi.
Aman lan efektifitas cysteamine sing dibebasake sing ditundha ora ditetepake ing pasien umur <1 taun.
Panggunaan GeriatrikOra ana panaliten sing ditindakake ing pasien geriatrik.
Efek Samsaya Awon
Efek salabetipun umum kanthi cysteamine dilepas langsung (>5%): mutahke, anoreksia, mriyang, diare, lesu, ruam.
Salah bawane umum. efek karo cysteamine sing ditundha-release ing pasien sing wis diobati sadurunge umur ≥6 taun (≥5%): mutahke, mual, nyeri abdomen, ambegan mambu, diare, kulit ambu ora enak, lemes, ruam, sirah.
Efek samping sing umum karo cysteamine sing ditundha-release ing pasien naif perawatan 1 taun nganti <6 taun (>10%): muntah, gastroenteritis/gastroenteritis virus, diare, ambegan mambu, mual, ketidakseimbangan elektrolit, sirah.
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Cysteamine Bitartrate
Ora nyandhet CYP1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, utawa 3A4.
Obat sing nambah pH lambung
Obat sing nambah pH lambung ( contone, obat-obatan sing ngemot bikarbonat utawa karbonat) bisa ngowahi farmakokinetik cysteamine amarga release prematur cysteamine saka preparat rilis sing ditundha lan nambah konsentrasi cystine WBC.
Monitor konsentrasi cystine WBC nalika obat sing nambah pH lambung. digunakake bebarengan karo cysteamine rilis sing ditundha.
Alkohol
Konsumsi alkohol karo cysteamine rilis sing ditundha bisa nambah tingkat pelepasan cysteamine lan/utawa ngrusak farmakokinetik, efektifitas, lan safety saka cysteamine.
Aja ngonsumsi omben-omben alkohol sajrone perawatan karo cysteamine.
Obat Liyane sing Digunakake ing Sindrom Fanconi
Cysteamine bisa diwènèhaké kanthi pengganti elektrolit lan mineral. perlu kanggo manajemen Sindrom Fanconi, vitamin D, lan agen tiroid.
Disclaimer
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