Cytomegalovirus Immune Globulin IV
Jeneng merek: Cytogam
Kelas obat:
Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Cytomegalovirus Immune Globulin IV
Nyegah Penyakit CMV ing Panampa Transplantasi Organ Padhet
Profilaksis CMV ing panampa transplantasi ginjel kanthi risiko infeksi lan penyakit CMV primer (yaiku, panampa CMV-seronegatif saka ginjel saka donor CMV-seropositif) . Umume digunakake bebarengan karo antivirus (contone, acyclovir, ganciclovir); wis digunakake piyambak.
Profilaksis CMV ing panampa transplantasi ati, paru-paru, pankreas, utawa jantung. Biasane digunakake bebarengan karo antivirus (contone, ganciclovir, acyclovir).
Rejimen paling optimal kanggo profilaksis CMV adhedhasar jinis organ sing ditransplantasi lan tingkat risiko infeksi CMV utawa penyakit sing ora diidentifikasi, utamane kanggo wong sing duwe risiko paling gedhe (contone, panampa organ CMV-seronegatif saka CMV-seropositif. donor, pasien sing nampa muromonab-CD3 [antibodi monoklonal OKT3] utawa terapi imunosupresif liyane).
Nyegah Penyakit CMV ing Panampa Transplantasi Sumsum Tulang (BMT)
Wis digunakake ing individu sing ngalami BMT allogeneic ing upaya kanggo nyegah infeksi CMV primer ing wong sing CMV-seronegatif sadurunge transplantasi† [ off-label] utawa kanggo nyegah utawa ngurangi penyakit CMV sekunder (reaktivasi CMV) ing individu sing CMV-seropositif sadurunge transplantasi† [off-label].
Rejimen paling efektif kanggo profilaksis CMV ing allogeneic BMT pasien kanthi risiko infeksi CMV lan penyakit sing durung ditetepake; asil sing bertentangan babagan kemungkinan keuntungan saka profilaksis CMV-IGIV ing populasi pasien iki.
Pengobatan Pneumonitis CMV ing Penerima Transplantasi
Wis digunakake bebarengan karo ganciclovir kanggo perawatan pneumonitis CMV ing panampa BMT alogenik† [off-label] utawa pneumonitis CMV ing panampa transplantasi organ padhet† [mati -label] (contone, pasien transplantasi ati). Panaliten tambahan dibutuhake kanggo nemtokake manawa kombinasi ganciclovir lan terapi CMV-IGIV duweni pengaruh marang tingkat kaslametan jangka panjang ing pasien BMT alogenik sing ngalami pneumonitis CMV.
Aja nggunakake piyambak kanggo perawatan radhang paru-paru CMV ing panampa BMT.
Infeksi CMV bawaan utawa Neonatal
Wis digunakake ing sawetara wanita ngandhut kanthi infeksi CMV primer ing upaya kanggo nambani utawa nyegah infeksi CMV kongenital† [off-label].
Saiki ora dianjurake kanggo nyegah panularan CMV saka ibu-janin; sinau tambahan dibutuhake kanggo ngevaluasi bisa keuntungan lan risiko antenatal CMV-IGIV.
Infeksi CMV ing Individu sing Infèksi HIV
Potensi peran, yen ana, kanggo nyegah utawa nambani infeksi CMV utawa penyakit ing wong sing kena HIV† durung dievaluasi nganti saiki. Rekomendasi saka CDC, National Institutes of Health (NIH), lan HIV Medicine Association of Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) babagan profilaksis lan perawatan CMV ing individu kasebut kalebu informasi babagan antivirus, nanging ora ngatasi CMV-IGIV.
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Carane nggunakake Cytomegalovirus Immune Globulin IV
Umum
Administrasi
IV Administration
Administrasi mung dening infus IV. Aja menehi IM utawa sub-Q.
Aja goyangake vial; ngindhari pembentukan busa.
Gunakake saringan inline (ukuran pori 15 µm luwih disenengi; ukuran pori 0,2 µm bisa ditampa) lan piranti infus sing dikontrol (yaiku, pompa IVAC utawa sing padha) kanggo ngontrol laju aliran.
Administrasi liwat jalur infus IV sing kapisah. Yen perlu, bisa dilebokake ing garis sing wis ana sadurunge ngemot injeksi natrium klorida 0,9% utawa injeksi dextrose 2,5, 5, 10, utawa 20% (nganggo utawa tanpa natrium klorida), kasedhiya pengenceran CMV-IGIV kanthi cairan kasebut ora ngluwihi. 1: 2.
Aja diencerke sadurunge infus IV.
Aja dicampur karo obat liya; informasi babagan kompatibilitas fisik lan/utawa kimia karo cairan infus IV liyane utawa obat liyane sing ora kasedhiya.
Miwiti infus IV sajrone 6 jam lan ngrampungake infus sajrone 12 jam sawise mlebu vial.
Ora ngandhut pengawet; Diwenehi mung yen solusi ora ana warna lan ora keruh.
Tingkat AdministrasiWokake infus IV awal kanthi 15 mg/kg saben jam sajrone 30 menit pisanan; yen ditoleransi kanthi becik, tambahake dosis nganti 30 mg / kg saben jam kanggo 30 menit sabanjure lan, yen ditoleransi kanthi apik, tambahake dadi 60 mg / kg saben jam kanggo sisa infus.
Wokake infus IV sabanjure kanthi 15 mg / kg saben jam kanggo 15 menit pisanan; yen ditoleransi kanthi becik, tambahake dosis dadi 30 mg / kg saben jam sajrone 15 menit sabanjure lan, yen ditoleransi kanthi becik, tambahake dadi 60 mg / kg saben jam kanggo sisa infus.
Aja ngluwihi tingkat infus 60 mg/kg saben jam (75 mL/jam) kanggo dosis awal utawa sakteruse.
Yen efek saru sing relatif cilik (contone, flushing, nyeri punggung, mual), ngurangi tingkat infus utawa interupsi sementara nganti manifestasi. suda; Infus bisa diterusake maneh ing tingkat sing ditrima sadurunge. Yen reaksi sing luwih abot (contone, anafilaksis, penurunan BP), langsung mandhegake infus lan menehi terapi sing cocog (umpamane, epinefrin, diphenhydramine).
Dosis
Pasien Anak
Nyegah Penyakit CMV ing Panampa Transplantasi Organ Padat Penerima Transplantasi Ginjel IVDosis awal 150-mg/kg sajrone 72 jam sawise transplantasi.
Tambahan dosis 100-mg/kg sapisan saben 2 minggu ing 2, 4, 6, lan 8 minggu sawise transplantasi, banjur 50-mg/kg dosis sepisan ing 12 lan 16 minggu sawise transplantasi.
Penerima Transplantasi Hati, Paru-paru, Pankreas, utawa Jantung IVDosis awal 150-mg/kg sajrone 72 jam sawise transplantasi.
Tambahan dosis 150-mg/kg sapisan saben 2 minggu ing 2, 4, 6, lan 8 minggu sawise transplantasi, banjur 100-mg/kg dosis sepisan ing 12 lan 16 minggu sawise transplantasi.
Dewasa
Nyegah Penyakit CMV ing Panampa Transplantasi Organ Padat Penerima Transplantasi Ginjel IVDosis awal 150-mg/kg sajrone 72 jam sawise transplantasi.
Tambahan 100-mg/kg dosis sapisan saben 2 minggu ing 2, 4, 6, lan 8 minggu sawise transplantasi, banjur 50-mg/kg dosis sepisan ing 12 lan 16 minggu sawise transplantasi.
Hati, Paru-paru , Pankreas, utawa Panampa Transplantasi Jantung IVDosis awal 150-mg/kg sajrone 72 jam sawise transplantasi.
Tambahan dosis 150-mg/kg sapisan saben 2 minggu ing 2, 4, 6, lan 8 minggu sawise transplantasi, banjur 100-mg/kg dosis sapisan ing 12 lan 16 minggu sawise transplantasi.
Watesan Resep
Pasien Pediatrik
Nyegah saka CMV Penyakit ing Organ Padat Penerima Transplantasi IVDosis maksimal 150 mg/kg; tingkat infus maksimum 60 mg / kg saben jam (75 mL / jam).
Wong diwasa
Nyegah Penyakit CMV ing Penerima Transplantasi Organ Padat IVDosis maksimal 150 mg/kg; tingkat infus maksimal 60 mg/kg saben jam (75 mL/jam).
Populasi Khusus
Gangguan Ginjal
Aja ngluwihi dosis sing disaranake; nggunakake konsentrasi praktis minimal lan tingkat infus IV. (Deleng Gagal Ginjal ing Caution.)
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget/PanandhapReaksi Sensitivitas
Reaksi Hipersensitivitas
Penurunan presipitasi ing BP lan manifestasi klinis anafilaksis sing dilapurake karo IGIV.
Hipotensi lan reaksi serius kayata angioedema utawa anafilaksis sing durung dilapurake ing studi klinis. CMV-IGIV, nanging ana kemungkinan reaksi kasebut bisa kedadeyan.
Epinefrin lan agen liyane sing cocog kudu kasedhiya kanggo nambani manifestasi alergi akut utawa reaksi anafilaktoid yen kedadeyan.
Yen kedadeyan. anafilaksis utawa owah-owahan ing BP, langsung mungkasi infus lan miwiti terapi sing cocog (umpamane, epinefrin) kaya sing dituduhake.
Kekurangan IgAIndividu sing kekurangan IgA bisa uga duwe antibodi kanggo IgA (utawa ngembangake antibodi kasebut sawise administrasi CMV- IGIV); anafilaksis bisa kedadeyan sawise administrasi CMV-IGIV utawa produk getih liyane sing ngemot IgA.
CMV-IGIV ngemot jumlah IgA sing sithik.
Efek Ginjal
Disfungsi ginjal, gagal ginjal akut, nekrosis tubular akut, nefropati tubulus proksimal, nefrosis osmotik, lan pati sing dilapurake ing pasien sing nampa IGIV. Tambah ing BUN lan Scr wis kedadeyan sanalika 1-2 dina sawise perawatan IGIV lan wis berkembang dadi oliguria utawa anuria (mbutuhake dialisis).
Data sing kasedhiya nuduhake yen preparat IGIV stabil karo sukrosa lan diwenehake ing dosis saben dina. ≥350 mg / kg digandhengake karo risiko sing luwih gedhe kanggo ngembangake disfungsi ginjel sing gegandhengan karo IGIV. CMV-IGIV ngandhut 5% sukrosa minangka stabilisator.
Pasien sing duwe predisposisi gagal ginjal akut kalebu sing umure >65 taun; duwe insufficiency ginjel sing wis ana, diabetes mellitus, kurang volume, sepsis, utawa paraproteinemia; utawa lagi nampa obat nefrotoksik.
Pesthekake yen pasien (utamane sing duwe risiko tambah gagal ginjal akut) dihidrasi kanthi cukup lan infus CMV-IGIV kanthi konsentrasi lan tingkat minimal sing bisa ditindakake.
Kaji fungsi ginjel, kalebu pangukuran BUN, Scr, lan output urin, sadurunge lan ing interval sing cocog sawise administrasi. Yen fungsi ginjel mudhun, coba mandhegake CMV-IGIV.
Pancegahan Administrasi
Sawetara efek ala (umpamane, flushing, hawa adhem, kram otot, nyeri punggung, mriyang, mual, muntah, arthralgia, wheezing / sesak ambegan / sesak dada) bisa uga ana hubungane karo IV tingkat infus.
Aja ngluwihi tingkat infus sing disaranake; tindakake jadwal infus dianjurake. (Deleng Tingkat Administrasi ing Dosis lan Administrasi.)
Yen ana efek sing ora becik, nyuda tingkat infus utawa ngganggu infus kanggo sementara.
Risiko Agen Infèksi sing Bisa Ditularake ing Preparasi sing Diturunake Plasma
Amarga CMV-IGIV disiapake saka plasma manungsa sing dikumpulake lan ngemot albumin manungsa, iki minangka kendaraan potensial kanggo transmisi virus manungsa lan sacara teoritis bisa nggawa risiko transmisi agen penyebab penyakit Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) utawa varian CJD (vCJD).
Sanajan donor disaring kanggo virus tartamtu (umpamane, HIV, HBV, HCV) lan CMV-IGIV ngalami prosedur tartamtu (fraksinasi etanol kadhemen, inaktivasi virus pelarut/deterjen) sing nyuda potensial infeksi virus, sawetara getih sing ora dingerteni. -agen infèksius sing ditularake bisa uga ora dinonaktifake lan risiko transmisi agen infèksi isih tetep.
Lapokake infeksi apa wae sing dipercaya ditularake CMV-IGIV menyang pabrikan ing 866-915-6958.
Sindrom Meningitis Aseptik
Sindrom meningitis aseptik kacarita arang banget ing pasien sing nampa IGIV; luwih kerep kedadeyan ing pasien sing nampa dosis total IGIV sing dhuwur (umpamane, 2 g / kg).
Gejala-gejala kalebu ngelu abot, nuchal rigidity, ngantuk, lesu, mriyang, fotofobia, gerakan mripat sing nyeri, mual, lan muntah; biasane katon ing sawetara jam nganti 2 dina sawise IGIV.
Tindakake pemeriksaan neurologis lengkap ing pasien sing nuduhake gejala kasebut kanggo ngilangi sabab liyane meningitis. Analisis CSF kerep nuduhake pleositosis (nganti pirang-pirang ewu sel per mm3), utamane saka seri granulositik, lan konsentrasi protein nganti pirang-pirang atus mg / dL.
Sindrom umume dirampungake sajrone sawetara (3-5) dina tanpa sekuele sawise mandhegake IGIV.
Hemolisis
Persediaan globulin imun bisa uga ngemot antibodi golongan getih sing bisa tumindak minangka hemolisin lan nyebabake lapisan sel darah merah in vivo karo immunoglobulin, nyebabake reaksi antiglobulin langsung positif lan, jarang, hemolisis.
Anemia hemolitik uga bisa berkembang sawise terapi immunoglobulin amarga peningkatan sekuestrasi RBC.
Monitor tandha klinis lan gejala hemolisis sajrone lan sawise perawatan CMV-IGIV lan, yen perlu, nindakake tes laboratorium konfirmasi sing cocog. .
Cedera paru-paru akut sing gegandhengan karo transfusi
Cedera paru-paru akut sing gegandhengan karo transfusi (TRALI; edema paru nonkardiogenik) sing dilapurake ing pasien sing nampa IGIV. Biasane kedadeyan sajrone 1-6 jam sawise infus IGIV lan ditondoi kanthi gangguan pernapasan sing abot, edema paru, hipoksemia, fungsi ventrikel kiwa normal, lan demam.
Monitor reaksi paru-paru sing ala. Yen TRALI dicurigai, tindakake tes sing cocog kanggo nemtokake manawa ana antibodi antineutrofil ing produk utawa serum pasien.
Atur nggunakake terapi oksigen kanthi dhukungan ventilasi sing cukup.
Efek Trombotik
Acara trombotik sing dilapurake ing pasien sing nampa IGIV.
Pasien sing duwe risiko trombotik kalebu sing duwe riwayat aterosklerosis, macem-macem faktor risiko kardiovaskular, umur tuwa, gangguan jantung. output, lan/utawa hiperviskositas sing dikawruhi utawa dicurigai.
Timbang risiko potensial lan keuntungan saka CMV-IGIV marang terapi alternatif.
Pertimbangake penilaian awal viskositas getih ing pasien kanthi risiko ngalami hiperviskositas (contone, sing duwe cryoglobulin, kilomikronemia pasa/triasilgliserol sing dhuwur banget [trigliserida], gammopati monoklonal).
Panyimpenan lan Penanganan sing ora bener
Panyimpenan utawa penanganan globulin imun sing ora bener bisa mengaruhi khasiat.
Aja menehi CMV-IGIV sing wis salah ditangani utawa durung disimpen ing rekomendasi sing disaranake. suhu. (Deleng Panyimpenan ing Stabilitas.)
Priksa kabeh globulin imun nalika dikirim lan monitor sajrone panyimpenan kanggo mesthekake yen suhu sing cocog dijaga. Yen ana uneg-uneg babagan salah penanganan, hubungi pabrikan utawa departemen kesehatan negara utawa lokal kanggo panuntun dhumateng apa CMV-IGIV bisa digunakake.
Populasi Spesifik
KandhutanKategori C.
Komite Penasihat Layanan Kesehatan Masyarakat AS babagan Praktek Imunisasi (ACIP) nyatakake ora ana risiko sing dingerteni kanggo janin saka nggunakake preparat immunoglobulin. kanggo imunisasi pasif ing wanita ngandhut.
LaktasiInformasi babagan distribusi menyang susu ora kasedhiya; ora dingerteni yen transmisi CMV-IGIV menyang bayi sing nyusoni menehi risiko sing ora biasa.
Panggunaan PediatrikWis digunakake ing panampa transplantasi ginjel pediatrik nalika umur 1 taun, ing pasien transplantasi ati† umur 4 taun, lan pasien BMT alogenik† umur 1-8 taun tanpa efek salabetipun mboten umum.
Panggunaan GeriatrikGunakake kanthi ati-ati ing pasien> 65 taun. (Deleng Gagal Ginjal ing Caution.)
Gagal GinjalGunakake kanthi ati-ati ing pasien sing duwe gangguan ginjel sing wis ana lan ing pasien sing dianggep duwe risiko tambah gagal ginjal (contone, sing umure >65 taun; diabetes mellitus, kurang volume, paraproteinemia, utawa sepsis; utawa nampa obat nefrotoksik).
Aja ngluwihi dosis sing disaranake, konsentrasi, lan tingkat infus IV ing pasien kanthi risiko gagal ginjel.
Efek Sabar sing Umum
Siram, kedinginan, kram otot, nyeri punggung, mriyang, mual, muntah, arthralgia, wheezing/sesak ambegan/sesak dada.
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Cytomegalovirus Immune Globulin IV
Vaksin Urip
Antibodi sing ana ing preparat imun globulin bisa ngganggu respon imun kanggo sawetara vaksin virus urip, kalebu vaksin campak, gondok, lan virus rubella urip (MMR), vaksin virus varicella urip, lan kombinasi tetep saka vaksin MMR lan varicella (MMRV) ; ora ana bukti yen preparat immune globulin ngganggu respon imun marang vaksin rotavirus oral langsung, vaksin virus influenza intranasal urip, vaksin virus demam kuning urip, vaksin typhoid oral langsung, utawa vaksin zoster langsung. (Deleng Obat Spesifik ing Interaksi.)
Vaksin lan Toksoid sing Dinonaktifake
Persediaan globulin imun ora samesthine duwe efek penting sacara klinis ing respon imun marang vaksin utawa toksoid sing ora aktif; vaksin sing ora aktif, vaksin rekombinan, vaksin polisakarida, lan toksoid bisa ditindakake bebarengan karo (nggunakake jarum suntik lan situs injeksi sing beda) utawa ing interval apa wae sadurunge utawa sawise CMV-IGIV.
Obat Spesifik
Obat
Interaksi
Komentar
Vaksin influenza
Vaksin influenza urip intranasal: Ora ana bukti yen preparat immune globulin ngganggu respon imun. kanggo vaksin
Vaksin influenza parenteral sing ora aktif: Ora ana bukti yen preparat imun globulin ngganggu respon imun marang vaksin
Vaksin influenza urip intranasal: Bisa diwenehake bebarengan karo utawa ing interval apa wae sadurunge utawa sawise preparasi immunoglobulin
Vaksin influenza parenteral sing ora aktif: Bisa diwènèhaké bebarengan (ing panggonan sing béda) utawa ing interval apa waé sadurungé utawa sawisé preparat globulin imun
Vaksin virus campak, gondok, rubella, lan varicella
Antibodi ing preparat imun globulin bisa ngganggu respon imun tumrap antigen campak lan rubella sing ana ing MMR utawa MMRV; efek ing respon imun kanggo mumps utawa antigen varicella sing ora dingerteni, nanging efek bisa ditindakake
Suwene interferensi gumantung saka jumlah antibodi spesifik antigen ing persiapan globulin imun
MMR, MMRV, utawa vaksin varicella ngirim ora diterbitake bebarengan karo CMV-IGIV; nundha paling sethithik 6 sasi sawise CMV-IGIV
Vaksinasi maneh karo vaksin MMR, MMRV, utawa varicella bisa uga dibutuhake yen vaksin diwenehi <6 sasi sawise CMV-IGIV
Vaksinasi maneh karo MMR Vaksin , MMRV, utawa varicella perlu paling sethithik 6 sasi sawise CMV-IGIV yen persiapan globulin imun diwenehake <14 dina sawise dosis vaksin, kajaba tes serologis bisa ditindakake lan nuduhake respon vaksin sing cukup
Vaksin tipus
Vaksin typhoid urip oral: Ora ana bukti yen preparat immunoglobulin ngganggu respon imun marang vaksin
Vaksin typhoid urip oral: Bisa diwenehi bebarengan karo utawa ing interval apa wae sadurunge utawa sawise imun. preparat globulin
Vaksin demam kuning
Ora ana bukti yen preparat immunoglobulin bisa ngganggu respon imun marang vaksin
Vaksin demam kuning bisa diwènèhaké bebarengan (ing panggonan sing béda) utawa ing interval apa waé sadurungé utawa sawisé preparat globulin imun
Vaksin Zoster
Ora ana bukti yen preparat imun globulin ngganggu respon imun marang vaksin
Vaksin Zoster bisa diwènèhaké bebarengan (ing situs sing béda) utawa ing interval apa wae sadurunge utawa sawise preparasi immunoglobulin
Disclaimer
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