Dimethyl Fumarate (Systemic)
Jeneng merek: Tecfidera
Kelas obat:
Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Dimethyl Fumarate (Systemic)
Multiple Sclerosis
Pengobatan MS sing kambuh, kalebu sindrom sing diisolasi sacara klinis, penyakit relapsing-remitting, lan penyakit progresif sekunder aktif.
Dimetil fumarat minangka salah siji saka sawetara terapi modifikasi penyakit sing digunakake kanggo ngobati wangun MS sing kambuh. Sanajan ora kuratif, terapi kasebut kabeh wis ditampilake kanggo ngowahi sawetara ukuran kegiatan penyakit, kalebu tingkat kambuh, lesi pencitraan resonansi magnetik (MRI) anyar utawa nambah, lan kemajuan cacat.
Akademi Neurologi Amerika (AAN) nyaranake supaya terapi modifikasi penyakit ditawakake kanggo pasien kanthi bentuk MS sing kambuh sing wis kambuh lan / utawa aktivitas lesi MRI. Klinisi kudu nimbang efek salabetipun, toleransi, cara administrasi, safety, khasiat, lan biaya obat saliyane pilihan pasien nalika milih terapi sing cocog.
Studi komparatif langsung antarane dimetil fumarate lan obat oral liyane sing digunakake ing wangun MS sing kambuh (umpamane, fingolimod, teriflunomide) sing durung ditindakake nganti saiki; Nanging, pengalaman klinis nyatake yen dimetil fumarat bisa uga luwih efektif tinimbang teriflunomide lan luwih ditoleransi tinimbang fingolimod.
Efikasi ora ditetepake ing pasien karo MS† progresif primer [off-label].
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Carane nggunakake Dimethyl Fumarate (Systemic)
Umum
Pantauan Pasien
Premedikasi lan Profilaksis
Administrasi
Oral Administration
Administrasi lisan kaping pindho saben dina kanthi utawa tanpa panganan. Administrasi karo panganan bisa nyuda kedadeyan flushing lan nambah toleransi GI.
Nguntal kapsul tundha-release wutuh lan utuh. Aja ngremuk utawa ngunyah kapsul; aja nyemprotake isi kapsul ing panganan.
Dosis
Dewasa
Bentuk Kambuh Multiple Sclerosis OralKaping pisanan, 120 mg kaping pindho saben dina. Sawise 7 dina, tambahake dosis pangopènan 240 mg kaping pindho saben dina.
Ing pasien sing ora ngidinke dosis pangopènan biasanipun, nimbang pangurangan dosis sauntara saka 240 mg kaping pindho saben dina dadi 120 mg kaping pindho saben dina. Terusake dosis pangopènan sing disaranake 240 mg kaping pindho saben dina sajrone 4 minggu. Coba mandhegake obat ing pasien sing ora bisa ngidinke bali menyang dosis pangopènan biasanipun.
Populasi Khusus
Gangguan Hepatik
Ora ana pangaturan dosis sing dibutuhake.
Gangguan Ginjal
Ora ana pangaturan dosis sing dibutuhake.
Pasien Geriatrik
Ora ana pangaturan dosis sing dibutuhake.
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget/PanandhapAnafilaksis lan Angioedema
Bisa nyebabake anafilaksis utawa angioedema sawise dosis pisanan utawa sawayah-wayah sajrone terapi. Tandha lan gejala reaksi hipersensitivitas kalebu angel ambegan, urtikaria, lan bengkak ing tenggorokan lan ilat.
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
PML, infeksi oportunistik otak sing disebabake dening virus JC, dilapurake. Kasus PML sing fatal dumadi ing pasien MS sing diobati karo dimetil fumarat sajrone 4 taun ing uji klinis. Pasien duwe limfopenia sing luwih dawa (yaiku, jumlah limfosit utamane <500/mm3 sajrone 3,5 taun) nanging ora ana kahanan liyane sing dikawruhi sing ana gandhengane karo fungsi kekebalan sing kompromi.
PML uga dilapurake sajrone pengalaman postmarketing ing ngarsane limfopenia sing tetep nganti >6 sasi. Kajaba iku, sawetara kasus PML wis dilaporake ing Eropa ing pasien sing nampa persiapan liyane sing ngemot dimetil fumarat.
Ing tandha pisanan utawa gejala sing nuduhake PML, langsung nolak terapi dimetil fumarat lan tindakake evaluasi diagnostik sing cocog. Tandha-tandha MRI saka PML bisa uga katon sadurunge manifestasi klinis berkembang.
Komplikasi Infèksius
Kasus serius herpes zoster lan infèksi oportunistik liyane (virus, jamur, lan bakteri) dilapurake ing pasien karo limfopenia uga ing pasien kanthi jumlah limfosit absolut sing normal. Bisa kedadeyan sawayah-wayah sajrone terapi.
Pantau tandha lan gejala herpes zoster utawa infeksi oportunistik liyane. Yen ana manifestasi saka infèksi kasebut, evaluasi kanthi cepet lan nambani pasien kanthi tepat. Coba interupsi terapi dimetil fumarat nganti infeksi rampung.
Lymphopenia
Muga ngurangi jumlah limfosit. Ing uji klinis sing dikontrol plasebo, jumlah limfosit rata-rata mudhun kira-kira 30% sajrone taun pisanan terapi lan tetep stabil sakwise. Jumlah limfosit mundhak 4 minggu sawise mandhegake obat kasebut, nanging ora bali menyang nilai awal.
Sanajan tambah insiden infeksi serius ora diamati ing pasien sing nyuda jumlah limfosit ing uji coba sing dikontrol, siji kasus PML dikembangake. ing setelan limfopenia sing dawa.
Ora ditliti ing pasien kanthi jumlah limfosit sing kurang sadurunge.
Entuk CBC, kalebu jumlah limfosit, sadurunge miwiti dimetil fumarat, ing 6 sasi, banjur saben 6-12 sasi sajrone terapi sabanjure, lan kaya sing dituduhake sacara klinis.
Ing pasien kanthi jumlah limfosit <500/mm3 sing tetep nganti >6 sasi, nimbang interupsi terapi. Coba ngawasi jumlah limfosit nganti limfopenia wis rampung amarga pemulihan limfosit bisa uga ditundha sawise obat mandheg.
Ing pasien sing kena infeksi serius, nimbang interupsi terapi dimetil fumarat nganti infeksi rampung. Coba kahanan klinis pasien nalika mutusake arep miwiti maneh terapi dimetil fumarat.
Cedera Hepatik
Kelainan tes fungsi ati (contone, peningkatan konsentrasi aminotransferase serum nganti luwih saka limang kali ULN lan paningkatan total konsentrasi bilirubin nganti luwih saka kaping pindho ULN) sing dilapurake sajrone pengalaman pasca pemasaran. Kedadeyan sajrone sawetara dina nganti pirang-pirang wulan sawise wiwitan terapi lan dirampungake sawise mandheg perawatan. Sanajan gagal ati utawa mati ora kedadeyan, peningkatan sing ditandhani ing tes fungsi ati bisa uga nuduhake ciloko ati sing serius.
Nglakokake tes fungsi ati (yaiku, aminotransferase serum, fosfatase alkalin, lan konsentrasi bilirubin total) sadurunge lan sajrone terapi kaya sing dituduhake sacara klinis. Mungkasi obat yen dicurigai ciloko ati.
Siram
Bisa nyebabake siram (contone, anget, abang, gatel, rasa kobong). Ing uji klinis, 40% pasien sing diobati dimetil fumarat ngalami flushing. Gejala umume entheng nganti moderat, diwiwiti sawise miwiti terapi, lan nambah utawa mutusake kanthi suwe.
Administrasi karo panganan utawa pretreatment karo aspirin non-dilapisi enteric bisa nyuda kedadeyan lan/utawa keruwetan flushing.
Populasi Tertentu
KandhutanOra ana data sing nyukupi babagan risiko pangembangan sing ana gandhengane karo panggunaan nalika meteng. Efek embriotoksik sing diamati ing studi kewan.
Registry meteng wis digawe kanggo Tecfidera. Dorong pasien kanggo ndhaptar kanthi nelpon 866-810-1462 utawa ngunjungi [Web].
LaktasiOra dingerteni manawa dimetil fumarat utawa metabolite nyebar menyang susu manungsa.
Efek obat kasebut marang bayi sing nyusoni utawa produksi susu ora dikawruhi.
Coba manfaatake nyusoni bebarengan karo kabutuhan klinis wanita kanggo dimetil fumarat lan efek samping sing bisa nyebabake. bayi sing disusui saka obat utawa kondisi ibu sing ndasari.
Panggunaan PediatrikKeamanan lan khasiat ora ditetepake ing pasien pediatrik <18 taun.
Panggunaan GeriatrikPengalaman sing ora cukup kanggo pasien ≥ Umur 65 taun kanggo nemtokake manawa dheweke nanggapi beda karo wong diwasa sing luwih enom.
Gangguan HepatikFarmacokinetik ora diteliti ing pasien sing duwe gangguan hepatik.
Gagal GinjalFarmakokinetik ora diteliti ing pasien kanthi gangguan ginjel.
Efek Umum sing Sabar
Mbusak, nyeri weteng, diare, mual.
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Dimethyl Fumarate (Systemic)
Ora dimetabolisme dening isoenzim CYP; mulane, interaksi penting klinis karo inhibitor CYP utawa inducer ora samesthine. Ora ana interaksi potensial karo dimetil fumarat utawa metabolit MMF aktif sing diidentifikasi ing CYP, P-glikoprotein (P-gp), utawa studi pengikat protein.
Obat Spesifik
Obat
Interaksi
Komentar
Aspirin
Aspirin non-enterik-dilapisi (325 mg diwenehi kira-kira 30 menit sadurunge dimetil fumarat liwat 4 dina) ora ngowahi farmakokinetik MMF utawa kedadeyan efek GI sing ala, nanging nyuda kedadeyan lan keruwetan flushing
Diroximel Fumarate
Diroximel fumarate lan dimethyl fumarate duwe metabolit aktif (MMF) sing padha
Kontraindikasi panggunaan bebarengan
Glatiramer asetat
Dosis tunggal glatiramer acetate ora ngowahi farmakokinetik MMF
Interferon beta
Dosis tunggal interferon beta-1a ora ngowahi farmakokinetik MMF
Kontrasepsi oral
Ora ana efek sing penting sacara klinis ing kontrasepsi oral sing ngemot etinil estradiol lan norelgestromin; efek ing progestogen liyane sing ora dievaluasi
Vaksin
Vaksin non-urip: Paparan bebarengan karo dimetil fumarat ora nyuda respon antibodi marang vaksin tetanus toksoid, vaksin polisakarida pneumococcal, utawa vaksin meningokokus relatif marang respon antibodi ing pasien sing diobati interferon; Dampak saka temuan kasebut ing efektifitas vaksin sing ora dingerteni
Vaksin sing dilemahkan langsung: Keamanan lan khasiat ing pasien sing nampa dimetil fumarat ora dievaluasi
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