Diroximel Fumarate (Systemic)
Jeneng merek: Vumerity
Kelas obat:
Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Diroximel Fumarate (Systemic)
Multiple Sclerosis
Pengobatan MS sing kambuh, kalebu sindrom terisolasi klinis, penyakit relapsing-remitting, lan penyakit progresif sekunder aktif.
Diroximel fumarate dimetabolisme kanthi farmakologis sing padha metabolit aktif (monomethyl fumarate [MMF]) minangka dimethyl fumarate; mulane, khasiat adhedhasar bioequivalence sing diadegake kanggo dimetil fumarat. Khasiat lan safety saka diroximel fumarate samesthine padha karo dimetil fumarat, sing wis ditampilake kanggo nyuda tingkat kambuh lan lesi T2 anyar utawa nggedhekake.
Dibandhingake karo dimetil fumarat, diroximel fumarate ngasilake paparan sing padha karo metabolit aktif (MMF) nanging digandhengake karo toleransi GI sing luwih apik.
Diroximel fumarate minangka salah siji saka sawetara terapi modifikasi penyakit sing digunakake kanggo ngobati wangun MS sing kambuh. Sanajan ora kuratif, terapi kasebut kabeh wis ditampilake kanggo ngowahi sawetara ukuran kegiatan penyakit, kalebu tingkat kambuh, lesi pencitraan resonansi magnetik (MRI) anyar utawa nambah, lan kemajuan cacat.
Akademi Neurologi Amerika (AAN) nyaranake supaya terapi modifikasi penyakit ditawakake kanggo pasien kanthi bentuk MS sing kambuh sing wis kambuh lan / utawa aktivitas lesi MRI. Klinisi kudu nimbang efek salabetipun, toleransi, cara administrasi, safety, khasiat, lan biaya obat saliyane pilihan pasien nalika milih terapi sing cocog.
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Carane nggunakake Diroximel Fumarate (Systemic)
Umum
Pantauan Pasien
Premedikasi lan Profilaksis
Administrasi
Administrasi Lisan
Administrasi lisan kaping pindho saben dina kanthi utawa tanpa panganan.
Administrasi kanthi panganan bisa nyuda kedadeyan flushing; Nanging, supaya ora administrasi karo panganan dhuwur-lemak, dhuwur-kalori utawa cemilan. Yen dijupuk bebarengan karo panganan, dhaharan utawa cemilan kudu ngemot ora luwih saka 700 kalori lan ora luwih saka 30 g lemak.
Nguntal kapsul sing dibebasake sing ditundha kanthi wutuh lan utuh. Aja ngremuk utawa ngunyah kapsul; aja mbukak lan sprinkle isi kapsul ing pangan.
Dosis
Dewasa
Wangun Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis OralKaping pisanan, 231 mg kaping pindho saben dina. Sawise 7 dina, tambahake dosis pangopènan 462 mg kaping pindho saben dina.
Ing pasien sing ora ngidinke dosis 462 mg kaping pindho saben dina, nimbang pengurangan sementara dadi 231 mg kaping pindho saben dina, banjur nerusake dosis pangopènan sing disaranake 462 mg. kaping pindho saben dina sajrone 4 minggu. Yen pasien ora ngidinke mundhak maneh menyang dosis pangopènan sing disaranake, nimbang mandhegake terapi.
Populasi Khusus
Gangguan Hepatik
Ora ana pangaturan dosis sing dibutuhake. Sanajan ora ana panaliten sing ditindakake, gangguan hepatik ora bakal mengaruhi paparan metabolit aktif.
Gangguan Ginjal
Ora ana panyesuaian dosis sing dibutuhake kanggo pasien kanthi gangguan ginjel entheng. Ora dianjurake kanggo pasien kanthi gangguan ginjel moderat utawa abot amarga kemungkinan tambah akeh paparan metabolit utama.
Pasien Geriatrik
Produsen ora menehi rekomendasi dosis tartamtu.
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget/PanandhapAnafilaksis lan Angioedema
Bisa nyebabake anafilaksis utawa angioedema sawise dosis pisanan utawa sawayah-wayah sajrone terapi. Reaksi hipersensitivitas, kalebu angel ambegan, urtikaria, lan pembengkakan tenggorokan lan ilat sing dilapurake karo dimetil fumarat (obat kanthi metabolit aktif sing padha karo diroximel fumarate).
Nyetop diroximel fumarate yen ana tandha utawa gejala anafilaksis. utawa angioedema dumadi.
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
PML, infeksi oportunistik otak sing disebabake dening virus JC, dilapurake ing pasien sing nampa dimethyl fumarate (obat kanthi metabolit aktif sing padha karo diroximel fumarate). PML wis dilapurake karo dimetil fumarat ing setelan limfopenia sing dawa, kalebu kasus PML sing fatal ing pasien MS sing duwe jumlah limfosit <500/mm3 sajrone 3,5 taun.
Ing tandha utawa gejala pisanan. sugestif saka PML, langsung nahan terapi lan nindakake evaluasi diagnostik sing cocok. Tandha-tandha MRI saka PML bisa uga katon sadurunge manifestasi klinis berkembang.
Komplikasi Infèksius
Kasus serius herpes zoster lan infèksi oportunistik liyane (virus, jamur, lan bakteri) sing dilapurake nganggo dimetil fumarat (obat kanthi metabolit aktif sing padha karo diroximel fumarate); wis kedadeyan ing pasien karo limfopenia uga ing pasien kanthi jumlah limfosit normal. Bisa kedadeyan sawayah-wayah sajrone terapi.
Pantau tandha lan gejala herpes zoster utawa infeksi oportunistik liyane. Yen ana manifestasi saka infeksi kasebut, evaluasi lan nambani pasien kanthi tepat. Coba interupsi terapi ing pasien sing kena infeksi serius nganti infeksi rampung.
Lymphopenia
Muga ngurangi jumlah limfosit. Ing uji klinis kanthi dimetil fumarat (obat kanthi metabolit aktif sing padha karo diroximel fumarate), jumlah limfosit rata-rata mudhun kira-kira 30% sajrone taun pisanan terapi. Jumlah limfosit mundhak 4 minggu sawise mandhegake obat kasebut, nanging ora bali menyang nilai awal.
Tambahan insiden infeksi serius sing ora diamati ing pasien kanthi jumlah limfosit sing mudhun, nanging siji kasus PML dikembangake ing setelan limfopenia sing dawa.
Ora diteliti ing pasien kanthi jumlah limfosit sing kurang sadurunge.
Entuk CBC, kalebu jumlah limfosit, sadurunge wiwitan terapi, ing 6 sasi, banjur saben 6-12 sasi sajrone terapi minangka dituduhake sacara klinis.
Ing pasien kanthi jumlah limfosit <500/mm3 sing tetep >6 sasi, nimbang interupsi terapi. Coba ngawasi jumlah limfosit sawise obat kasebut dihentikan nganti limfopenia wis rampung amarga pemulihan limfosit bisa uga ditundha.
Ing pasien sing kena infeksi serius, coba nahan perawatan nganti infeksi rampung. Coba kahanan klinis pasien nalika mutusake arep miwiti terapi maneh.
Cedera Hepatik
Cedera ati, kadhangkala mbutuhake rawat inap, dilapurake nganggo dimetil fumarat (obat kanthi metabolit aktif sing padha karo diroximel fumarate). Kelainan tes fungsi ati (contone, paningkatan konsentrasi aminotransferase serum nganti luwih saka limang kali ULN lan paningkatan total bilirubin nganti luwih saka kaping pindho ULN) diamati. Kedadeyan ing sawetara dina nganti pirang-pirang sasi sawise miwiti terapi lan ditanggulangi nalika perawatan mandheg.
Ora ana kasus sing nyebabake gagal ati, transplantasi ati, utawa mati; Nanging, tes fungsi ati sing ora normal bisa prédhiksi ciloko ati sing serius.
Tindakake tes fungsi ati (yaiku, aminotransferase serum, fosfatase alkalin, lan konsentrasi bilirubin total) sadurunge lan sajrone terapi kaya sing dituduhake sacara klinis. Mungkasi obat yen dicurigai ciloko ati.
Siram
Bisa nyebabake siram (contone, anget, abang, gatel, rasa kobong). Ing uji klinis dimethyl fumarate (obat kanthi metabolit aktif sing padha karo diroximel fumarate), flushing kacarita ing 40% pasien sing nampa obat kasebut. Gejala umume entheng nganti moderat, diwiwiti sawise miwiti terapi, lan nambah utawa mutusake wektu.
Administrasi kanthi panganan utawa pretreatment karo aspirin sing ora dilapisi enterik (nganti dosis 325 mg) 30 menit sadurunge diroximel fumarate bisa nyuda kedadeyan lan/utawa keruwetan flushing.
Populasi Tertentu
KandhutanOra ana data sing nyukupi babagan risiko pangembangan sing ana gandhengane karo panggunaan nalika meteng. Adhedhasar data kewan, bisa nyebabake cilaka janin.
LaktasiOra dingerteni manawa diroximel fumarate utawa metabolite disebarake menyang susu manungsa.
Efek ing bayi sing nyusoni utawa produksi susu uga ora dingerteni. .
Pirsani keuntungan saka nyusoni bebarengan karo kabutuhan klinis wanita kanggo diroximel fumarate lan efek samping sing potensial kanggo bayi sing disusui saka obat utawa kondisi ibu sing ndasari.
Panggunaan PediatrikAman lan khasiat ora ditetepake ing pasien pediatrik.
Panggunaan GeriatrikPengalaman sing ora cukup ing pasien ≥65 taun kanggo nemtokake manawa dheweke nanggapi beda karo wong diwasa sing luwih enom.
Gangguan HepatikOra sinau ing individu kanthi gangguan hepatik; gangguan hepatik ora samesthine mengaruhi paparan sistemik kanggo metabolit MMF aktif.
Panyesuaian dosis ora perlu kanggo pasien sing duwe gangguan hepatik.
Gagal ginjalPanyesuaian dosis ora perlu kanggo pasien kanthi gangguan ginjel entheng. .
Ora dianjurake kanggo pasien kanthi gangguan ginjel moderat utawa abot amarga tambah akeh paparan sistemik menyang metabolit utama HES sing ora aktif; data babagan panggunaan jangka panjang ora kasedhiya.
Efek Saliyané sing Umum
Reaksi saru sing dilapurake karo diroximel fumarate (≥10% lan ≥2% luwih saka plasebo): Flushing, nyeri abdomen, diare, lan mual.
Reaksi ala sing dilapurake karo diroximel fumarate padha karo dimetil fumarat.
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Diroximel Fumarate (Systemic)
Ora ana interaksi obat potensial karo diroximel fumarate utawa metabolit aktif utama, MMF, sing diidentifikasi ing CYP, P-glikoprotein, utawa studi pengikat protein.
Obat Spesifik
Obat
Interaksi
Komentar
Alkohol
Penurunan konsentrasi MMF plasma puncak; Nanging, total paparan MMF ora kena pengaruh
Aja nggunakake bebarengan
Aspirin
Administrasi aspirin dilapisi non-enterik 325 mg kira-kira 30 menit sadurunge dimetil fumarat (sing dimetabolisme dadi metabolit aktif sing padha karo diroximel fumarate) sajrone 4 dina ora ngowahi farmakokinetik MMF nanging nyuda kedadeyan lan keruwetan flushing
Dimetil fumarat
Diroximel fumarate lan dimetil fumarat duwe metabolit aktif (MMF) sing padha
Kontraindikasi panggunaan bebarengan
Diroximel fumarate bisa diwiwiti dina sawise mandheg saka dimetil fumarat
Kontrasepsi Oral
Dimetil fumarat (sing dimetabolisme dadi metabolit aktif sing padha karo diroximel fumarate) ora duwe efek klinis penting ing etinil estradiol utawa norelgestromin
Studi interaksi karo dimetil fumarat utawa diroximel fumarate ora dileksanakake karo kontrasepsi oral sing ngandhut progestogen liyane
Vaksin
Vaksin ora urip: Paparan bebarengan karo dimetil fumarat (sing dimetabolisme dadi metabolit aktif sing padha karo diroximel fumarate) ora nyuda respon antibodi kanggo vaksin tetanus toxoid-containing, vaksin polysaccharide pneumokokus, utawa vaksin meningokokus relatif marang respon antibodi ing pasien sing diobati interferon; Dampak temuan kasebut ing efektifitas vaksin sing ora dingerteni
Vaksin urip utawa dilemahkan urip: Keamanan lan khasiat ing pasien sing nampa diroximel fumarate ora dievaluasi
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