Doxepin (Systemic)
Jeneng merek: SINEquan
Kelas obat:
Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Doxepin (Systemic)
Kelainan Depresi lan Kuatir
Pengobatan depresi lan/utawa kuatir ing pasien psikoneurotik. Gejala psikoneurosis sing nanggapi kanthi apik kanggo doxepin kalebu kuatir, tension, depresi, gejala lan keprihatinan somatik, gangguan turu, rasa bersalah, kurang energi, wedi, kuwatir, lan kuwatir.
Pengobatan depresi lan/utawa kuatir sing ana gandhengane karo alkoholisme. (Deleng Obat Spesifik ing Interaksi.)
Pengobatan depresi lan/utawa kuatir sing ana gandhengane karo penyakit organik; nimbang kemungkinan interaksi obat yen nampa obat liyane bebarengan.
Pengobatan gangguan depresi psikotik kanthi kuatir sing gegandhengan, kalebu depresi involusi lan gangguan manik-depresi.
Urticaria Idiopatik Kronis
Wis efektif kanggo ngobati urtikaria idiopatik kronis† lan bisa digunakake minangka alternatif kanggo antihistamin, sing umume dianggep minangka terapi lini pertama ing pasien kanthi kondisi iki.
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Carane nggunakake Doxepin (Systemic)
Umum
Gangguan Depresi lan Kuatir
Administrasi
Administrasi Oral
Administrasi oral nganti 3 dosis dibagi utawa minangka dosis saben dina siji (yen ≤150 mg); bisa menehi dosis sapisan dina sadurunge turu kanggo nyuda sedasi awan.
Encerake saben dosis konsentrat oral kanthi 120 ml banyu, susu wutuh utawa skim, utawa jus jeruk, jeruk bali, tomat, prune, utawa nanas sakdurunge administrasi; solusi fisik ora kompatibel karo akeh omben-omben karbonat. Pasien ing pangopènan metadon bisa nyampur konsentrat oral doxepin lan sirup metadon karo Gatorade, limun, jus jeruk, banyu gula, Tang, utawa banyu nanging ora nganggo jus anggur. Pengenceran lan panyimpenan akeh ora dianjurake dening pabrikan.
Dosis
Kasedhiya minangka doxepin hydrochloride; dosis ditulis ing syarat-syarat doxepin.
Sedhiyakake dosis kanthi ati-ati miturut syarat lan tanggapan individu.
Yen diwenehake minangka dosis saben dina, dosis maksimal sing disaranake yaiku 150 mg. Kapsul doxepin 150 mg sing kasedhiya sacara komersial mung kanggo terapi pangopènan lan ora dianjurake kanggo terapi awal.
Pasien Pediatrik
Gangguan Depresi lan Kuatir LisanRemaja ≥12 taun kudu nampa dosis sing disaranake kanggo wong diwasa. (Deleng Wong diwasa miturut dosis.)
Wong diwasa
Gangguan Depresi lan Kuatir LisanPasien sing lara entheng nganti sedheng: Kaping pisanan, 75 mg saben dina. Bisa nyetel dosis yen perlu adhedhasar respon. Dosis pangopènan biasa: 75-150 mg saben dina.
Pasien sing lara sing luwih abot: Dosis sing luwih dhuwur bisa uga dibutuhake; mboko sithik nambah dosis nganti ≤300 mg saben dina, yen perlu.
Dosis >300 mg saben dina arang menehi efek terapeutik tambahan.
Pasien kanthi gejala sing entheng banget utawa gejala emosional sing ana gandhengane karo sindrom otak organik: Dosis sing luwih murah bisa uga cukup; sawetara pasien nanggapi 25-50 mg saben dina.
Batesan Resep
Pasien Anak
Gangguan Depresi lan Kuatir LisanRemaja ≥12 taun: Maksimal 300 mg saben dina.
Dewasa
OralMaksimal 300 mg saben dina.
Populasi Khusus
Pasien Geriatrik
Pilih dosis ing ujung ngisor kisaran sing disaranake amarga nyuda fungsi ati, ginjel, utawa jantung lan penyakit lan obat sing bebarengan Kerep; nambah dosis kanthi bertahap lan ngawasi kanthi rapet. Bisa digunakake sadurunge bedtime. (Deleng Panggunaan Geriatrik ing Caution.)
Pènget
Contraindications
Pènget/PanandhapPènget
Nuduhake potensi beracun saka TCA liyane; mirsani pancegahan biasa saka therapy TCA.
Resiko Depresi lan Suicidality sing luwih elekKemungkinan depresi sing luwih elek lan/utawa muncule ide lan prilaku bunuh diri (suicidality) utawa owah-owahan prilaku sing ora biasa ing pasien diwasa lan bocah-bocah kanthi kelainan depresi utama, apa ora. njupuk antidepresan; bisa terus nganti ana remisi sing penting sacara klinis. Nanging, bunuh diri minangka risiko depresi sing dikenal lan kelainan kejiwaan liyane, lan kelainan kasebut dhewe minangka prediktor bunuh diri sing paling kuat.
Ngawasi kanthi tepat lan teliti pasien sing nampa doxepin kanthi alasan apa wae, utamane nalika wiwitan terapi (yaiku, sawetara wulan pisanan) lan sajrone wektu panyesuaian dosis. (Deleng Warning Boxed lan uga deleng Gunakake Pediatrik ing Ati-ati.)
Kutir, agitasi, serangan panik, insomnia, irritability, permusuhan, agresif, impulsif, akathisia, hypomania, lan/utawa mania bisa dadi prekursor kanggo muncul. suicidality. Coba ganti utawa nolak terapi ing pasien sing depresi terus-terusan luwih elek utawa ing wong-wong sing ngalami suicidality utawa gejala sing bisa dadi prekursor kanggo depresi utawa suicidal sing saya tambah parah, utamane yen abot, tiba-tiba, utawa ora dadi gejala pasien. (Deleng Umum ing Dosis lan Administrasi.)
Reset kanthi jumlah paling cilik sing konsisten karo manajemen pasien sing apik kanggo nyuda resiko overdosis.
Amati pancegahan iki kanggo pasien sing nandhang kejiwaan (contone, kelainan depresi mayor, gangguan obsesif-kompulsif [OCD]) utawa kelainan nonpsikiatri.
Gangguan BipolarBisa mbukak kelainan bipolar. (Waca Activation of Mania utawa Hypomania ing Cautions.) Doxepin ora disetujoni digunakake kanggo nambani depresi bipolar.
Layar kanggo risiko kelainan bipolar kanthi njupuk riwayat psikiatri sing rinci (contone, riwayat kulawarga bunuh diri, kelainan bipolar, depresi) sadurunge miwiti terapi.
Reaksi Sensitivitas
Reaksi sensitivitas sing bisa uga kalebu ruam kulit, fotosensitisasi, edema, lan pruritus.
Pancegahan Umum
Aktivasi Mania utawa HypomaniaKamungkinan aktivasi mania lan hypomania, utamane ing pasien kelainan bipolar; nyuda dosis lan / utawa menehi agen antipsikotik bebarengan. (Deleng Kelainan Bipolar ing Caution.)
Cacat Kognitif/FisikKewaspadaan mental utawa koordinasi fisik sing dibutuhake kanggo nindakake tugas sing mbebayani (contone, nyopir, ngoperasikake mesin) bisa uga cacat.
Tanggepan kanggo alkohol bisa potentiated.
Efek AntikolinergikGunakake kanthi ati-ati ing pasien sing aktivitas antikolinergik sing berlebihan bisa mbebayani (contone, riwayat retensi urin, peningkatan IOP). (Deleng Kontraindikasi ing Caution.)
Penarikan TerapiReaksi mundur sing abot; supaya ora mandheg terapi kanthi tiba-tiba lan nyuda dosis kanthi bertahap.
PsikosisKemungkinan eksaserbasi psikosis ing pasien skizofrenia; nyuda dosis utawa ngatur agen antipsikotik bebarengan.
Populasi Tertentu
KandhutanKategori C.
LaktasiDistribusi menyang susu; sawetara dokter nyaranake supaya nyusoni kudu nyingkiri sajrone terapi doxepin.
Panggunaan PediatrikKeslametan doxepin ing pasien bocah <12 taun durung ditetepake.
FDA ngelingake yen risiko bunuh diri utawa prilaku (suicidality) luwih gedhe kedadeyan sajrone sawetara wulan pisanan perawatan antidepresan (4%) dibandhingake karo plasebo (2%) ing bocah lan remaja kanthi gangguan depresi utama, OCD , utawa kelainan kejiwaan liyane adhedhasar analisis sing dikumpulake saka 24 uji coba sing dikontrol plasebo jangka pendek saka 9 obat antidepresan (SSRI lan liya-liyane). Nanging, meta-analisis sing luwih anyar saka 27 uji coba sing dikontrol plasebo saka 9 antidepresan (SSRIs lan liya-liyane) ing pasien <19 taun kanthi gangguan depresi utama, OCD, utawa gangguan anxietas non-OCD nuduhake yen keuntungan saka terapi antidepresan ing ngobati kondisi kasebut bisa luwih gedhe tinimbang risiko prilaku bunuh diri utawa ide bunuh diri. Ora ana bunuh diri ing uji coba pediatrik kasebut.
Priksa kanthi ati-ati temuan kasebut nalika ngevaluasi potensial keuntungan lan risiko doxepin ing bocah utawa remaja kanggo panggunaan klinis. (Deleng Worsening of Depression and Suicidality Risk under Cautions.)
Panggunaan GeriatrikPengalaman sing ora cukup ing pasien umur ≥65 taun kanggo nemtokake manawa pasien geriatrik nanggapi beda karo wong diwasa sing luwih enom.
Ing analisis data sing dikumpulake, risiko suicidality sing suda diamati ing wong diwasa ≥65 taun kanthi terapi antidepresan dibandhingake karo plasebo. (Deleng Warning Boxed lan uga ndeleng Worsening of Depression and Suicidality Risk under Cautions.)
Doxepin umume ditoleransi kanthi becik ing pasien geriatrik. Kemungkinan tambah sensitivitas kanggo antikolinergik (contone, tutuk garing, konstipasi, gangguan penglihatan), kardiovaskular, hipotensi ortostatik, lan efek sedative saka TCA.
Titrasi dosis kanthi teliti. (Deleng Pasien Geriatrik ing Dosis lan Administrasi.)
Efek Samsaya Awon
Ngantuk, efek antikolinergik (contone, tutuk garing, konstipasi, penglihatan kabur), efek GI (contone, mual, muntah, diare).
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Doxepin (Systemic)
Metabolisme ing ati dening macem-macem isoenzim CYP (contone, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP3A4).
Obat sing Ngaruhi Enzim Mikrosomal Hepatik
Inhibitor CYP2D6: interaksi farmakokinetik potensial (konsentrasi doxepin plasma tambah) kanthi nggunakake inhibitor CYP2D6 bebarengan; nggunakake kanthi ati-ati. Coba pangaturan dosis doxepin nalika inhibitor CYP2D6 ditambahake utawa dihentikan.
Obat Spesifik
Obat
Interaksi
Komentar
Alkohol
Potentiates efek alkohol
Aja nggunakake bebarengan
Tambah risiko yen overdosis utawa nyoba bunuh diri
Antiarrhythmics: kelas 1C (contone, flecainide, propafenone); kuinidin
Potensi kanggo nyuda metabolisme doxepin
Monitor kanggo keracunan TCA; pangaturan dosis bisa uga dibutuhake
Agen antikolinergik
Hipertermia, utamane nalika cuaca panas, lan bisa uga ileus paralitik
Gunakake kanthi ati-ati; pangaturan dosis bisa uga dibutuhake
Antipsikotik (contone, fenotiazin)
Potensi nyuda metabolisme doxepin
Panyesuaian dosis bisa uga dibutuhake
Cimetidine
Konsentrasi doxepin plasma bisa tambah
Potensi keracunan trisiklik, utamane efek samping antikolinergik
Monitor keracunan TCA; pangaturan dosis bisa uga dibutuhake
Depresan CNS (contone, analgesik, antihistamin, barbiturat, anestesi umum, opiat)
Potentiates efek saka depresan CNS
Guanethidine lan senyawa sing gegandhengan
Antagonizes efek antihipertensi guanethidine lan senyawa sing gegandhengan ing dosis doxepin> 150 mg saben dina; ing dosis ≤150 mg saben dina, antagonis efek antihipertensi ora dilapurake
Levodopa
Bisa ngganggu panyerepan levodopa
Ngawasi dosis levodopa kanthi teliti
inhibitor MAO
Sindrom serotonin sing bisa ngancam nyawa
Penggunaan bebarengan karo TCA umume kontraindikasi
Ngidini paling sethithik 2 minggu kanggo nglewati nalika ngalih menyang utawa saka obat kasebut
Methylphenidate
Potensi kanggo nyuda metabolisme lan ningkatake khasiat terapeutik lan keracunan TCA
SSRIs (contone, citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline)
Kemungkinan sindrom serotonin
Potensi kanggo nyuda metabolisme doxepin lan nambah konsentrasi plasma
Gunakake kanthi ati-ati lan ngawasi keracunan TCA; panyesuaian dosis bisa uga dibutuhake
Ngidini paling sethithik 5 minggu nalika ngalih saka fluoxetine
Agen simpatomimetik (contone, amfetamin, epinefrin, isoproterenol, norepinefrin, phenylephrine)
Tambah vasopressor lan/utawa efek jantung
Gunakake kanthi ati-ati; pangaturan dosis bisa uga dibutuhake
Agen tiroid
Kamungkinan aritmia jantung
Gunakake kanthi ati-ati
Tolazamide
Arah hipoglikemia dilaporake ing paling ora siji pasien
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