Fenofibric Acid/Fenofibrate
Kelas obat: Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Fenofibric Acid/Fenofibrate
Dislipidemias
Tambahan kanggo terapi diet kanggo nyuda total serum lan konsentrasi LDL-kolesterol, trigliserida, lan apolipoprotein B (apo B), lan nambah konsentrasi HDL-kolesterol ing manajemen hiperkolesterolemia primer lan dyslipidemia campuran, kalebu hiperkolesterolemia familial heterozygous lan panyebab hiperkolesterolemia liyane. Efek antilipemik aditif nalika digunakake bebarengan karo agen antilipemik liyane (contone, colesevelam, ezetimibe).
Tambahan kanggo terapi diet ing manajemen hipertrigliseridemia abot. Khasiat kanggo nyuda risiko pankreatitis ing pasien kanthi konsentrasi trigliserida sing nyata (yaiku,> 2000 mg / dL) durung ditetepake.
Efek ing morbiditas lan mortalitas kardiovaskuler UTAwa mortalitas nonkardiovaskular durung ditetepake. (Waca Efek ing Morbiditas lan Mortalitas ing Ati-ati.)
Pedoman manajemen kolesterol AHA/ACC nyatakake yen modifikasi gaya urip minangka dhasar nyuda resiko kardiovaskular. Yen terapi farmakologis dibutuhake, statin minangka obat pilihan pertama amarga nuduhake keuntungan kanggo nyuda risiko penyakit kardiovaskular aterosklerotik (ASCVD). Obat nonstatin bisa uga dianggep minangka terapi tambahan ing pasien sing duwe risiko dhuwur, nanging obat liyane (umpamane, ezetimibe) umume dianjurake. Sanajan fibrates duweni efek nyuda LDL sing entheng, studi sing dikontrol kanthi acak ora ndhukung panggunaan kasebut minangka terapi tambahan kanggo statin.
Yen terapi fibrate perlu ing pasien sing diobati statin, AHA/ACC nyatakake luwih aman kanggo nggunakake fenofibrate tinimbang Gemfibrozil amarga risiko myopathy sing luwih murah.
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Carane nggunakake Fenofibric Acid/Fenofibrate
Umum
Administrasi
Oral Administration
Administrasi lisan sapisan dina.
Fenofibrate kasedhiya kanthi komersial minangka obat nonmicronized ing kapsul (contone, Lipofen), obat nonmicronized ing tablet (contone, Fenoglide), obat mikronisasi ing kapsul (contone, Antara ), obat "nanocrystal" ing tablet (e. , TriCor), utawa obat "pengiriman-mikropartikel obat sing ora larut (IDD-P)" ing tablet (yaiku, Triglide). Asam fenofibric kasedhiya kanthi komersial minangka kapsul rilis sing ditundha (contone, Trilipix) utawa tablet (contone, Fibricor). Formulasi kasebut ora bioequivalent lan beda-beda sacara substansial ing potensi lan efek panganan.
Atur tablet Fenoglide lan kapsul Lipofen kanthi panganan. Bisa menehi kapsul mikronisasi Antara, tablet TriCor, tablet Triglide, tablet Fibricor, lan kapsul rilis sing ditundha Trilipix tanpa preduli saka dhaharan.
Kapsul Swallow Antara, tablet Fenoglide, tablet Fibricor, kapsul Lipofen, lan kapsul rilis tertunda Trilipix utuh; aja mbukak, remuk, dibubarake, utawa dikunyah.
Dosis
Pantau konsentrasi lipoprotein sacara periodik; nimbang nyuda dosis ing pasien sing konsentrasi lipoprotein serum mudhun ing ngisor kisaran target sing dikarepake. Mungkasi terapi ing pasien sing gagal entuk respon sing nyukupi sawise terapi 2 wulan kanthi dosis maksimal sing disaranake.
Kasedhiya sacara komersial ing pirang-pirang preparat sing beda-beda kanthi kekuwatan dosis sing beda-beda wiwit saka dosis rendah (40-67 mg) nganti formulasi dosis sing luwih dhuwur (120-200 mg). Kajaba sing padha umum, preparat kasebut ora bioequivalent lan beda-beda sacara substansial babagan efek lan potensi panganan.
Dewasa
Dislipidemias Hiperkolesterolemia Primer lan Dislipidemia Campuran OralKapsul mikronisasi Antara (fenofibrate): Kaping pisanan, 130 mg saben dina.
Tablet Fenoglide (fenofibrate): 120 mg saben dina.
Tablet Fibricor (asam fenofibrat): 105 mg saben dina.
Kapsul lipofen (fenofibrate): 150 mg saben dina.
Kapsul mikronisasi fenofibrate: 200 mg saben dina.
TriCor (fenofibrat) tablet utawa padha karo generik: 145 mg saben dina.
Triglide (fenofibrate) tablet: 160 mg saben dina.
Trilipix (asam fenofibric) kapsul rilis sing ditundha utawa sing padha karo generik: 135 mg sapisan dina.
Hipertrigliseridemia OralAntara (fenofibrate) kapsul micronized: Kaping pisanan, 43–130 mg saben dina.
Tablet Fenoglide (fenofibrate): 40–120 mg saben dina.
Fibricor (asam fenofibrat) tablet: 35 –105 mg saben dina.
Kapsul Lipofen (fenofibrat): 50–150 mg saben dina.
Kapsul mikronisasi Fenofibrate: 67–200 mg saben dina.
Tablet TriCor (fenofibrate) utawa padha karo generik: 48–145 mg saben dina.
Triglide (fenofibrate) tablet: 160 mg saben dina.
Trilipix (asam fenofibric) kapsul rilis tundha utawa padha karo generik: 45-135 mg sapisan dina.
Nyetel dosis kanthi interval 4-8 minggu nganti efek sing dikarepake ing konsentrasi lipoprotein diamati utawa dosis maksimal sing disaranake wis tekan.
Batesan Resep
Dewasa
Dislipidemias Hipertrigliseridemia OralKapsul micronized Antar (fenofibrate): Maksimum 130 mg saben dina.
Fenoglide (fenofibrate) tablet: Maksimal 120 mg saben dina.
Tablet Fibricor (asam fenofibrat): 105 mg saben dina.
Kapsul Lipofen (fenofibrat): Maksimum 150 mg saben dina.
Kapsul mikronisasi fenofibrate: Maksimum 200 mg saben dina.
TriCor (fenofibrate) tablet utawa sing padha karo generik: Maksimum 145 mg saben dina.
Triglide (fenofibrate) tablet: Maksimum 160 mg saben dina.
Trilipix (asam fenofibric) delayed-release kapsul utawa setara generik: Maksimum 135 mg sapisan dina.
Populasi Khusus
Gangguan Ginjal
Dyslipidemias OralNgurangi dosis awal ing pasien kanthi gangguan ginjel entheng nganti moderat ( kira-kira GFR 30–59 mL/menit saben 1,73 m2); mundhak mung sawise efek obat ing fungsi ginjel lan konsentrasi lipid wis dievaluasi. Aja nggunakake ing pasien kanthi gangguan ginjel sing abot (kira-kira GFR <30 mL / menit saben 1,73 m2).
Panyesuaian dosis ing ngisor iki dianjurake kanggo pasien kanthi gangguan ginjel entheng nganti moderat:
Kapsul micronized Antara (fenofibrate): Kaping pisanan, 43 mg saben dina.
Fenoglide Tablet (fenofibrate): Kaping pisanan, 40 mg saben dina.
Tabel Fibricor (asam fenofibrat): Kaping pisanan, 35 mg saben dina.
Kapsul Lipofen (fenofibrate): Awal, 50 mg saben dina.
Kapsul mikronisasi Fenofibrate: Kaping pisanan, 67 mg saben dina.
Tablet TriCor (fenofibrate) utawa padha karo generik: Kaping pisanan, 48 mg saben dina.
Triglide (fenofibrate) tablet: Produsen nyatakake supaya ora digunakake ing pasien kanthi gangguan ginjel entheng nganti moderat.
Kapsul pelepasan tertunda Trilipix (asam fenofibric): Kaping pisanan, 45 mg sapisan dina.
Pasien Geriatrik
Pilih dosis adhedhasar fungsi ginjel. (Waca Gangguan Renal ing Dosis lan Administrasi lan uga ing Cautions.) Ora ana panyesuaian dosis sing dibutuhake ing pasien geriatrik kanthi fungsi ginjel normal.
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget / PancegahanReaksi Sensitivitas
Reaksi Hipersensitivitas
Reaksi hipersensitivitas akut kalebu angioedema lan anafilaksis sing dilapurake ing sawetara pasien sing nampa fenofibrate. Sawetara kasus sing ngancam nyawa lan mbutuhake perawatan darurat.
Yen pasien ngalami tandha-tandha lan gejala reaksi hipersensitivitas akut, mandhegake obat kasebut lan golek bantuan medis langsung.
Reaksi DermatologiReaksi kulit sing abot kalebu sindrom Stevens-Johnson, nekrolisis epidermis beracun, lan DRESS (reaksi obat lan eosinofilia lan gejala sistemik) sing dilapurake sajrone pengalaman pasca pemasaran nganggo fenofibrate.
Yen reaksi kasebut kedadeyan, mandhegake obat kasebut lan nambani pasien kanthi tepat.
Efek ing Morbiditas lan Mortalitas
Efek ing morbiditas lan mortalitas kardiovaskuler lan mortalitas nonkardiovaskular durung ditetepake.
Ing sawetara studi acak sing dikontrol plasebo ing pasien diabetes mellitus jinis 2, fenofibrate ora nyuda risiko kedadeyan kardiovaskular (contone, MI nonfatal, stroke nonfatal, pati kardiovaskular) sanajan ana efek sing apik ing plasma. konsentrasi lipid. Terapi kombinasi karo fenofibrate lan statin (simvastatin) ora nyuda tingkat efek samping kardiovaskular utama (yaiku, MI nonfatal, stroke nonfatal, penyakit kardiovaskular fatal) dibandhingake karo monoterapi statin.
Amarga fenofibrate lan asam fenofibric sacara kimiawi, farmakologis, lan klinis padha karo turunan asam fibrat liyane (contone, gemfibrozil, clofibrate [ora kasedhiya kanggo komersial maneh ing AS]), temuan sing ora becik karo obat liya kasebut (yaiku, Tambah insiden cholelithiasis, cholecystitis sing mbutuhake operasi, komplikasi postcholecystectomy, ganas, pankreatitis, lan penyakit kandung empedu, lan nambah mortalitas sakabèhé) uga bisa ditrapake kanggo fenofibrate lan asam fenofibric.
Efek Muskuloskeletal
Toksisitas otot sing serius, kalebu myopathy lan rhabdomyolysis, dilapurake ing pasien sing nampa turunan asam fibrat. Risiko katon tambah ing pasien geriatrik lan ing pasien diabetes mellitus, gangguan ginjel, utawa hipotiroidisme. Panggunaan bebarengan karo statin utawa obat liyane (contone, colchicine) uga bisa nambah risiko. (Deleng Interaksi.)
Monitor konsentrasi CK (CPK) sacara periodik ing pasien sing nglaporake efek muskuloskeletal sing ala. Coba myopathy ing pasien sing ngalami myalgias sing nyebar, nyeri otot utawa kelemahane, lan / utawa paningkatan konsentrasi CK. (Deleng Saran kanggo Pasien.)
Mungkasi terapi yen konsentrasi CK serum mundhak kanthi nyata utawa yen dicurigai utawa didiagnosis myositis/myopathy.
Efek Hepatik
Peningkatan dosis sing ana hubungane karo konsentrasi aminotransferase serum (yaiku, AST, ALT)> 3 kaping ULN dilaporake. Konsentrasi biasane bali menyang nilai pretreatment sajrone terapi terus utawa sawise mandheg obat.
Hepatitis aktif kronis lan hepatitis kolestatik wis kedadeyan wiwit sawetara minggu lan nganti pirang-pirang taun sawise wiwitan terapi; sirosis sing gegandhèngan karo hepatitis aktif kronis jarang dilapurake.
Nglakokake tes fungsi ati sadurunge miwiti terapi lan sacara periodik sakwise. Yen konsentrasi aminotransferase serum ≥3 kaping ULN tetep, mungkasi terapi.
Efek Renal
Elevasi sementara saka Scr kacarita. Elevasi umume stabil saka wektu, tanpa bukti mundhak terus sawise terapi jangka panjang; elevasi biasane bali menyang awal sawise mandheg terapi. Pentinge klinis ora dingerteni.
Cholelithiasis
Bisa nambah ekskresi kolesterol ing empedu, nyebabake cholelithiasis. Mungkasi terapi yen panaliten kandung empedu nuduhake anané watu empedu.
Pankreatitis
Pankreatitis dilapurake kanthi fenofibrate, asam fenofibrat, lan turunan asam fibrat liyane; bisa uga amarga progresi hipertrigliseridemia (yaiku, amarga gagal nanggepi terapi ing pasien kanthi hipertrigliseridemia abot), efek langsung saka obat kasebut, utawa efek sekunder (umpamane, watu saluran empedu utawa pembentukan endapan sing nyebabake obstruksi umum. saluran empedu).
Efek Hematologis
Penurunan entheng nganti moderat ing jumlah hemoglobin, hematokrit, lan WBC sing dilaporake; umume stabil sajrone terapi jangka panjang.
Trombositopenia lan agranulositosis uga dilapurake.
Pantau jumlah sel getih kanthi periodik sajrone terapi 12 wulan pisanan.
Thromboembolism
Peningkatan insiden tromboembolik vena (umpamane, DVT, PE, thrombophlebitis) sing diamati kanthi turunan asam fibrat.
Penurunan Konsentrasi HDL-kolesterol
Penurunan paradoks ing konsentrasi HDL-kolesterol (contone, nganti 2 mg / dL), diiringi nyuda konsentrasi apolipoprotein A1, dilaporake. Kedadeyan wiwit 2 minggu nganti sawetara taun sawise wiwitan terapi. Konsentrasi HDL-kolesterol kanthi cepet bali menyang awal lan tetep ing tingkat normal sawise terapi mandheg. Pentinge klinis ora dingerteni.
Temtokake konsentrasi HDL-kolesterol sajrone sawetara wulan pisanan sawise miwiti terapi. Yen konsentrasi nandhang sungkowo, mandhegake obat kasebut kanthi permanen lan monitor nganti konsentrasi kolesterol HDL bali normal.
Populasi Tertentu
KandhutanData ora cukup ing wanita ngandhut. Ing studi reproduksi kewan, ora ana bukti keracunan embriofetal.
Gunakake nalika meteng mung yen keuntungan potensial mbenerake risiko potensial kanggo janin.
LaktasiPotensi efek samping serius ing bayi sing nyusoni. Contraindicated ing wanita nursing; mungkasi nyusoni utawa obat kasebut.
Panggunaan PediatrikKeslametan lan khasiat ora ditetepake ing bocah-bocah <18 taun.
Panggunaan GeriatrikRisiko efek samping bisa tambah ing pasien ≥65 taun amarga fungsi ginjel sing bisa mudhun ing pasien kasebut. Pilih dosis adhedhasar fungsi ginjel. (Waca Pasien Geriatrik lan uga Gagal Ginjal ing Dosis lan Administrasi.) Coba ngawasi fungsi ginjel.
Gangguan HepatikOra dievaluasi ing pasien kanthi gangguan hepatik.
Gagal ginjelTurunake dosis ing pasien kanthi gangguan ginjel entheng nganti moderat; supaya nggunakake ing patients karo ginjel Gagal abot. (Deleng Kerusakan Ginjal ing Dosis lan Administrasi.)
Ngawasi fungsi ginjel ing pasien kanthi gangguan ginjel sing wis ana; nimbang ngawasi fungsi ginjel ing pasien kanthi risiko ngalami gangguan ginjel (umpamane, pasien geriatrik, sing duwe diabetes mellitus).
Efek Sabar sing Umum
Fenofibrate: Tes fungsi ati sing ora normal (umpamane, ALT lan/utawa AST tambah), gangguan ambegan, nyeri weteng, nyeri punggung, sirah, tambah konsentrasi CK, diare, mual , rhinitis, constipation, asthenia, sindrom flu.
Asam Fenofibric (dhewe utawa digabungake karo statin): Sakit sirah, nyeri punggung, nasofaringitis, mual, myalgia, diare, infeksi saluran pernapasan ndhuwur.
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Fenofibric Acid/Fenofibrate
Obat Metabolisme dening Enzim Mikrosomal Hepatik
Fenofibrate lan asam fenofibric minangka inhibitor entheng nganti moderat saka CYP2C9 lan inhibitor lemah saka isoenzim CYP 2C8, 2A6 lan 2C19; aja nyandhet isoenzim CYP 3A4, 2D6, 2E1, utawa 1A2 in vitro.
Obat Spesifik
Obat
Interaksi
Komentar
Antikoagulan, oral (contone, warfarin)
Prolongation saka PT/INR lan potensial tambah risiko getihen
Gunakake bebarengan kanthi ati-ati
Ngawasi PT/INR kanthi kerep nganti stabil lan atur dosis antikoagulan yen perlu
Agen antidiabetes (yaiku, Glimepiride, metformin, rosiglitazone)
Glimepiride: Tambah paparan sistemik lan konsentrasi plasma puncak glimepiride; konsentrasi glukosa suda sacara signifikan; farmakokinetik fenofibrate ora diowahi
Metformin, rosiglitazone: owah-owahan cilik ing farmakokinetik saben obat
Sequestrants asam empedu (yaiku, cholestyramine, colestipol)
Kamungkinan nyuda penyerapan fenofibrate utawa asam fenofibric
Turunake fenofibrate utawa asam fenofibric 1 jam sadurunge utawa 4-6 jam sawise sequestrant asam empedu
Colchicine
Tambah risiko myopathy, kalebu rhabdomyolysis
Gunakake bebarengan kanthi ati-ati
Ezetimibe
Ezetimibe karo atorvastatin: Tambah konsentrasi plasma puncak lan paparan sistemik ezetimibe; farmakokinetik atorvastatin lan asam fenofibric ora owah sacara substansial
Inhibitor reduktase HMG-CoA (statin)
Tambah risiko efek muskuloskeletal sing ala (yaiku, tambah CK, myoglobinuria, rhabdomyolysis)
Atorvastatin, fluvastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin: owah-owahan sithik ing farmakokinetik asam fenofibric; efek sing luwih jelas ing farmakokinetik statin
Kamungkinan nyuda AUC saka atorvastatin; tambah konsentrasi plasma puncak lan AUC saka fluvastatin, pravastatin (lan metabolit aktif), lan rosuvastatin; lan nyuda konsentrasi plasma puncak lan AUC saka simvastatin (lan metabolit aktif)
Aja nggunakake bebarengan kajaba keuntungan potensial ngluwihi risiko
Agen imunosupresif (yaiku, cyclosporine, tacrolimus)
Tambah risiko nefrotoksisitas sing disebabake siklosporin utawa tacrolimus
Titik-ati nimbang risiko versus keuntungan saka terapi bebarengan; nggunakake dosis sing paling efektif lan ngawasi fungsi ginjel
Nambah konsentrasi plasma puncak asam fenofibric diamati ing kahanan pasa, nanging ora nalika asam fenofibric diwenehake karo panganan; paparan sistemik kanggo asam fenofibric ora owah sacara substansial
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