Hydroquinone
Kelas obat: Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Hydroquinone
Hiperpigmentasi
Digunakake kanggo nyuda hiperpigmentasi ing kondisi kayata freckling (ephelides), chloasma ora aktif, melasma, lentigo umum lan pikun, lan area hiperpigmentasi melanin liyane sing ora dikarepake.
Digunakake kanggo perawatan bertahap saka dyschromia sing diakibatake ultraviolet lan warna kulit amarga nggunakake kontrasepsi oral, meteng, terapi penggantian hormon, utawa trauma kulit.
Umume dokter nganggep hidrokuinon migunani ing sawetara pasien kanthi hiperpigmentasi sing ora ngasilake melanin sing berlebihan.
Wis digunakake kanggo nyuda hiperpigmentasi sing disebabake dening fotosensitisasi sing ana gandhengane karo inflamasi. utawa nganggo minyak wangi tartamtu.
Digunakake kanthi kombinasi karo fluocinolone lan tretinoin kanggo perawatan jangka pendek lan intermiten ing melasma moderat nganti abot.
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Carane nggunakake Hydroquinone
Umum
Administrasi
Administrasi Topikal
Aplikasi topikal ing kulit minangka krim, gel, emulsi, utawa solusi. (Deleng Reaksi Sensitivitas ing Cautions.)
Batesan aplikasi ing area sing padha karo pasuryan lan gulu utawa tangan lan lengen.
Mung kanggo panggunaan dermatologis; supaya kontak karo mripat. Yen kontak kasebut kedadeyan, siram mripat sing kena pengaruh nganggo banyu sing akeh banget lan hubungi dokter.
Ora kanggo administrasi oral.
Aplikasi krim hidrokuinon, gel, emulsi, utawa solusi (nganggo utawa tanpa tabir surya) seragam menyang area pigmen lan gosok menyang kulit. Aja gosok krim sing ngemot agen sunblock opaque (contone, talc) menyang kulit.
Yen preparat hydroquinone tanpa agen tabir surya ditrapake ing wayah awan, gunakake agen tabir surya lan/utawa sandhangan protèktif kanggo nyilikake cahya lan nyegah repigmentasi ing wilayah sing diobati; Utawa, aplikasi ancang-ancang iki mung ing wayah wengi.
Wisuh rai lan gulu alon-alon nganggo sabun sing lembut, mbilas, lan garing sadurunge nglebokake krim hidrokuinon, fluocinolone, lan tretinoin kombinasi tetep menyang wilayah sing kena.
Olesake sapérangan cilik. kombinasi hydroquinone, fluocinolone, lan krim tretinoin menyang wilayah sing kena pengaruh, kalebu kira-kira setengah inci kulit normal sing ngubengi saben lesi. Gosok entheng lan seragam menyang kulit. Aja nggunakake klamben occlusive.
Dosis
Yen tingkat depigmentasi sing dikarepake dipikolehi, aplikasi mung sak perlune kanggo njaga depigmentasi.
Pasien Anak< /h4> Topikal Hiperpigmentasi
Remaja>12 taun: Aplikasi krim hidrokuinon, emulsi, gel, utawa larutan (nganggo utawa tanpa tabir surya) kanthi seragam menyang area sing berpigmen lan gosok kaping pindho saben dina, esuk lan sore. .
Yen perbaikan ora kedadeyan sawise 2 wulan perawatan, mandhegake obat kasebut.
Dewasa
Topikal HiperpigmentasiKrim hidrokuinon, emulsi, gel, utawa solusi (nganggo utawa tanpa tabir surya): Aplikasiake kanthi seragam ing area sing duwe pigmen lan gosok kanthi apik kaping pindho saben dina, ing esuk lan sore utawa kaya sing diarahake dening dokter.
Krim hidrokuinon kanthi tabir surya opaque: Aplikasiake seragam menyang area pigmen kaping pindho saben dina, esuk lan sore; aja gosok menyang wilayah sing kena pengaruh.
Yen perbaikan ora kedadeyan sawise 2 wulan perawatan, mandhegake obat kasebut.
Topikal MelasmaHidrokuinon, fluocinolone, lan krim tretinoin kombinasi tetep: Olesake lapisan tipis kanthi seragam menyang wilayah sing kena pengaruh sapisan dina, ing wayah sore, paling sethithik 30 menit sadurunge turu. Terusake saben dina nganti lesi melasma tetep. Mungkasi perawatan nalika melasma rampung.
Yen melasma kambuh maneh, baleni perawatan nganti kondisine pulih.
Batesan Resep
Pasien Anak
Hiperpigmentasi TopikalRemaja >12 taun: Terapi maksimal 2 sasi yen ora katon perbaikan.
Dewasa
Topikal HiperpigmentasiTerapi maksimal 2 sasi yen ora ana perbaikan.
Melasma TopikalHidrokuinon kombinasi tetep, fluocinolone, lan krim tretinoin wis diwènèhaké kanthi aman kanggo kumulatif ≥180 dina.
Populasi Khusus
Pasien Geriatri
Panaliten klinis krim hidrokuinon 4% ora nyakup jumlah pasien sing umure ≥65 taun sing cukup kanggo nemtokake manawa reaksi kasebut beda karo pasien sing luwih enom. Umumé, pilihan dosis kanggo pasien geriatrik kudu ati-ati, biasane diwiwiti ing pungkasan dosis sing paling sithik, nggambarake frekuensi sing luwih akeh nyuda fungsi ati, ginjel, lan/utawa jantung lan penyakit bebarengan lan terapi obat.
Pènget
Contraindications
Pènget/PanandhapPènget
Efek Kosmetik
Bisa ngasilake efek kosmetik sing ora dikarepake (contone, bleaching kulit sing berlebihan) yen ora digunakake kaya sing diarahake. Dokter kudu ngerti babagan panggunaan, efek samping, pancegahan, lan kontraindikasi sadurunge menehi resep utawa menehi obat kasebut.
Cahya Srengenge utawa UltravioletPaparan sinar srengenge utawa sinar ultraviolet bisa nyebabake repigmentasi wilayah sing diputih. Ngindhari sinar srengenge sing ora perlu sajrone lan sawise terapi.
Agen tabir surya lan/utawa sandhangan protèktif dianjurake yen preparat sing ora ngandhut tabir surya ditrapake ing wayah awan. Preparat sing ngemot tabir surya bisa menehi perlindungan sing cukup saka sinar matahari.
Sawise ngurangi hiperpigmentasi lan sajrone terapi pangopènan, terusake nggunakake agen tabir surya lan/utawa sandhangan protèktif.
Reaksi Sensitivitas
Sensitivitas SulfitSawetara formulasi ngandhut sulfit, sing bisa nyebabake reaksi alergi (kalebu anafilaksis lan episode asma sing ngancam nyawa utawa kurang abot) ing individu tartamtu sing rentan.
Reaksi Sensitivitas LiyaneDermatitis kontak kacarita. Yen ana dermatitis kontak, langsung mandheg lan hubungi dokter.
Toksisitas Utama
Arang banget, ochronosis (biru-ireng peteng bertahap saka kulit) lan milium koloid dilapurake kanthi nggunakake kronis (nganti 8 taun) krim hydroquinone 5%. Yen kulit sing kena pengaruh owah dadi warna biru-ireng, langsung mandheg lan hubungi dokter.
Pancegahan Umum
Panggunaan TopikalMung kanggo panggunaan njaba. Ora kanggo aplikasi topikal ing mripat, kuping, utawa tutuk; kanggo Cut, abraded, utawa kulit sunburned; sawise cukur utawa nggunakake agen depilatory; utawa liwat miliaria rubra (panas prickly).
Efek DermatologisKamungkinan iritasi kulit lokal (contone, kobong, stinging, eritema entheng). Kekeringan lan fissuring wilayah paranasal lan infraorbital dilaporake.
Panganggone Kombinasi TetepNalika hydroquinone digunakake ing kombinasi tetep karo sunscreen topikal (contone, dioxybenzone, oxybenzone, lan padimate), fluocinolone, utawa retinoids (contone, tretinoin), nimbang ati-ati, pancegahan, lan kontraindikasi. digandhengake karo agen kasebut.
Populasi Tertentu
KandhutanKategori C.
LaktasiOra dingerteni yen hidrokuinon topikal disebarake menyang susu. Disaranake ati-ati yen hydroquinone topikal digunakake.
Panggunaan PediatrikKeamanan lan kesahihan preparat hydroquinone ora ditetepake ing bocah-bocah <12 taun.
Keamanan lan kesahihan saka hidrokuinon kombinasi tetep, fluocinolone, lan krim tretinoin ora ditetepake ing pasien pediatrik ing umur apa wae.
Efek Umum sing Sabar
Iritasi lan sensitisasi kulit sing entheng (contone, kobong, eritema, stinging).
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