Imipenem, Cilastatin Sodium, and Relebactam
Jeneng merek: Recarbrio
Kelas obat:
Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Imipenem, Cilastatin Sodium, and Relebactam
Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan
Pengobatan pneumonia bakterial utawa ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP) sing dipikolehi ing rumah sakit sing disebabake dening mikroorganisme gram-negatif sing rentan ing ngisor iki ing pasien ≥18 taun: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus- kompleks baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, EscheriChia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, KlebsiElla aerogenes, K. oxytoca, K. pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, lan Serratia marcescens.
Pedoman American Thoracic Society (ATS) lan Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) nyaranake jangkoan kanggo S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, lan basil gram-negatif liyane ing kabeh regimen empiris kanggo ventilator sing dicurigai sacara klinis- pneumonia sing gegandhengan utawa radhang paru-paru sing gegandhengan karo rumah sakit. Nalika liputan empiris S. aureus sing sensitif methicillin dituduhake, carbapenem, kalebu imipenem lan Meropenem, disaranake pilihan perawatan.
Infeksi Saluran Kemih
Digunakake ing pasien ≥18 taun sing duwe pilihan perawatan alternatif sing winates utawa ora ana kanggo perawatan infeksi saluran kemih sing rumit (cUTI), kalebu pyelonephritis, sing disebabake dening gram rentan ing ngisor iki. -mikroorganisme negatif: E. cloacae, E. coli, K. aerogenes, K. pneumoniae, lan P. aeruginosa.
Ing kasus cUTI abot sing kalebu demam dhuwur, sepsis, muntah, utawa resistensi antimikroba sing diantisipasi kanggo regimen oral, agen parenteral kayata kombinasi β-laktam lan inhibitor β-laktamase bisa diwenehake.
Pedoman praktik saka IDSA lan European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) nyatakake yen pasien karo pyelonephritis mbutuhake rawat inap kudu nampa antimikroba IV kayata carbapenem, penisilin spektrum lengkap kanthi utawa tanpa aminoglikosida, fluoroquinolone, utawa aminoglikosida kanthi utawa tanpa ampisilin; Pilihan perawatan sing cocog kudu adhedhasar data kerentanan lan resistensi lokal. Durasi terapi sing disaranake kanggo perawatan pyelonephritis yaiku 10-14 dina.
Infeksi intra-abdomen
Digunakake ing pasien ≥18 taun sing duwe pilihan perawatan alternatif sing winates utawa ora ana kanggo perawatan infeksi intra-abdomen rumit (cIAI) sing disebabake dening gram-negatif sing rentan ing ngisor iki. mikroorganisme: Bacteroides caccae, B. fragilis, B. ovatus, B. stercoris, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. uniformis, B. vulgatus, Citrobacter freundii, E. cloacae, E. coli, Fusobacterium nucleatum, K. aerogenes, K. oxytorogenes , K. pneumoniae, Parabacteroides distasonis, lan P. aeruginosa.
Pedoman saiki saka Surgical Infection Society (SIS) ora mbahas panggunaan imipenem / cilastatin / relebactam. Nanging, panggunaan imipenem / cilastatin dianjurake kanggo jangkoan empiris kanggo infeksi intra-abdomen, umume ing pasien berisiko tinggi.
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Carane nggunakake Imipenem, Cilastatin Sodium, and Relebactam
Umum
Skrining Pretreatment
Ngawasi Pasien h4>
Pertimbangan Umum Liyane
Administrasi
Administrasi kanthi infus IV liwat 30 menit. Kasedhiya minangka wêdakakêna kanggo injeksi sing kudu diencerake lan diencerake sadurunge administrasi.
IV Administrasi
Rekonstitusi lan PengenceranReconstitute lan luwih diencerke bubuk sing kasedhiya kanggo injeksi kanthi pengencer sing kompatibel (0.9). % injeksi natrium klorida, injeksi Dextrose 5%, injeksi dextrose 5% lan injeksi natrium klorida 0,9%, injeksi dextrose 5% lan injeksi natrium klorida 0,45%, utawa injeksi dextrose 5% lan injeksi natrium klorida 0,225%).
Imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam nduweni kelarutan banyu sing kurang. Kanggo mesthekake pembubaran bubuk lengkap, tindakake pandhuan ing ngisor iki:
Langkah 1: Kanggo pelarut ing kantong infus sing wis diisi 100 mL, lanjutake menyang langkah 2. Kanggo pelarut sing ora kasedhiya ing kantong infus sing wis diisi sadurunge, copot 100 ml kanthi aseptik. mL saka diluent sing cocog lan transfer menyang tas infus sing dievakuasi, banjur nerusake menyang langkah 2.
Langkah 2: Copot 20 ml diluent saka tas (minangka loro aliquot 10-mL) lan reconstitute vial karo siji 10-mL alikuot saka diluent.
Langkah 3: Sawise nambahake alikuot pisanan saka diluent, goyangake vial sumur, lan transfer isi menyang 80 mL isih saka tas infus.
Langkah 4: Tambahake 10-mL alikuot infus kapindho menyang vial lan goyangake kanthi apik kanggo mesthekake pembubaran lengkap isi vial. Baleni transfer isi vial menyang tas infus. Goncang campuran pungkasan ing kantong infus nganti solusi bening.
Tindakake pandhuan rekonstitusi lan pengenceran ing ndhuwur kanggo kabeh pasien, preduli saka fungsi ginjel. Volume solusi sing disiapake sing bakal diwenehake ditemtokake adhedhasar fungsi ginjel. Kanggo pasien kanthi gangguan ginjel, nyiyapake dosis imipenem / cilastatin / relebactam sing dikurangi (1 g, 0,75 g, utawa 0,5 g) kanthi nyiapake solusi 100-mL sing ngemot 1,25 g (kaya sing diterangake ing langkah-langkah ing ndhuwur), banjur mundur lan Mbuwang keluwihan miturut Tabel 1.
Tabel 1: Persiapan Pengurangan Dosis Imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam kanggo Pasien Gagal GinjalEstimasi Clcr (mL/menit)
Dosis Rekomendasi saka Imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam (mg)
Volume Solusi sing Disiapake kanggo Dibusak lan Dibuwang saka Kantong 100-mL:
Volume Asil sing Nyedhiyakake Dosis Suda sing Dituduhake:
60–89
1 g (imipenem 400 mg, cilastatin 400 mg, lan relebactam 200 mg)
20 mL
80 mL
30–59
0,75 g (imipenem 300 mg, cilastatin 300 mg, lan relebactam 150 mg)
40 mL
60 mL
15–29 utawa end- penyakit ginjel tahap hemodialisis
0,5 g (imipenem 200 mg, cilastatin 200 mg, lan relebactam 100 mg)
60 mL
40 mL
Tingkat AdministrasiAtur saben dosis kanthi infus IV sajrone 30 menit.
Dosis
Dewasa
HABP/VABP, cIAI, cUTI IVDosis imipenem , cilastatin, lan relebactam dituduhake minangka total (jumlah) dosis saben 3 komponen. Konvensi dosis iki kudu dianggep nalika menehi resep, nyiapake, lan nyebarake obat kasebut.
Suwene terapi kudu dipandu dening keruwetan lan lokasi infeksi, uga respon klinis. Suwene perawatan sing disaranake yaiku 4 nganti 14 dina.
Dosis imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam adhedhasar kerentanan imipenem saka organisme penyebab sing dicurigai utawa dikOnfirmasi lan fungsi ginjel pasien.
Kanggo perawatan infeksi sing kabukten utawa dicurigai disebabake dening rentan. Bakteri gram-negatif ing wong diwasa kanthi Clcr ≥90 mL / menit, dosis sing disaranake yaiku 1,25 g (imipenem 500 mg, cilastatin 500 mg, relebactam 250 mg) kanthi infus IV saben 6 jam. Dosis suda dianjurake ing pasien kanthi Clcr <90 mL / menit. (Deleng Cacat Renal ing Ati-ati.)
Populasi Khusus
Gangguan Hepatik
Ora ana rekomendasi dosis khusus ing wektu iki.
Gagal ginjel.
Panyesuaian dosis dibutuhake ing pasien kanthi gangguan ginjel (pirsani Tabel 2). Ing pasien karo penyakit ginjel tahap pungkasan sing nampa hemodialisis, administrasi kudu diwenehi wektu kanggo ngetutake hemodialisis.
Clcr diwilang nggunakake rumus Cockcroft-Gault
Tabel 2: Dosis Imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam kanggo Dewasa Pasien Gagal GinjalEstimasi Clcr (mL/menit)
Dosis Rekomendasi (mg) Diwenehi Infus IV
60-89
1 g ( imipenem 400 mg, cilastatin 400 mg, lan relebactam 200 mg) saben 6 jam
30–59
0,75 g (imipenem 300 mg, cilastatin 300 mg, lan relebactam 150 mg) saben 6 jam
15–29
0,5 g (imipenem 200 mg, cilastatin 200 mg, lan relebactam 100 mg) saben 6 jam
Penyakit ginjel tahap pungkasan ing hemodialisis
0,5 g (imipenem 200 mg, cilastatin 200 mg, lan relebactam 100 mg) saben 6 jam; administrasi imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam kudu diwenehi wektu kanggo tindakake hemodialisis
Pasien Geriatri
Pilih dosis kanthi ati-ati lan ngawasi pasien kanthi rapet kanggo owah-owahan ing fungsi ginjel. Ora perlu pangaturan dosis mung adhedhasar umur.
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget / PancegahanReaksi Hipersensitivitas
Reaksi hipersensitivitas (anafilaksis), sing serius lan fatal, dilapurake ing pasien sing nampa terapi β-laktam. Sadurunge miwiti perawatan karo imipenem / cilastatin / relebactam, reaksi hipersensitivitas sadurunge kanggo carbapenem, penisilin, cephalosporin, β-laktam liyane utawa alergen liyane kudu diselidiki.
Yen ana reaksi hipersensitivitas, mandhegake obat kasebut kanthi cepet.
Kejang lan Reaksi Saleh CNS Liyane
Kejang, aktivitas myoclonic, lan negara kebingungan sing dilapurake karo imipenem lan cilastatin, komponen imipenem / cilastatin / relebactam, utamane nalika dosis sing disaranake ngluwihi. Biasane kedadeyan ing pasien sing duwe riwayat gangguan kejang utawa lesi otak, lan/utawa fungsi ginjel sing mudhun.
Terusake pasien sing duwe kelainan kejang sing dikenal ing obat anticonvulsant nalika miwiti perawatan karo imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam . Yen ana reaksi CNS sing ala, kalebu kejang, rampungake evaluasi neurologis kanggo nemtokake manawa obat kombinasi tetep kudu dihentikan.
Tambah Potensi Kejang Amarga Interaksi karo Asam Valproat
Penggunaan asam valproat lan karbapenem (contone, imipenem lan cilastatin) bisa nambah risiko serangan terobosan. Aja nggunakake imipenem / cilastatin / relebactam bebarengan ing pasien kanthi asam valproic utawa sodium divalproex; nimbang kelas antibiotik alternatif saliyane karbapenem ing pasien sing kejang bisa dikontrol kanthi apik ing asam valproat utawa natrium divalproex.
Clostridioides difficile-related Diare
Pengobatan kanthi anti-infèksi ngowahi flora usus normal lan bisa ngidinake tuwuhing Clostridioides difficile (sadurungé Clostridium difficile).
C. infèksi difficile (CDI) lan C. difficile-related diare lan kolitis (CDAD; uga dikenal minangka antibiotik-related diare lan colitis utawa pseudomembranous colitis) dilapurake karo meh kabeh anti-infectives lan bisa sawetara ing keruwetan saka diare entheng kanggo colitis fatal.< / p>
Coba CDAD ing kabeh pasien sing ngalami diare sawise nggunakake antibakteri; entuk riwayat medis sing ati-ati amarga CDAD bisa kedadeyan nganti ≥2 sasi sawise administrasi antibiotik.
Yen dicurigai CDAD, mungkasi terapi antimikroba sing ora ditujokake marang C. difficile. Institut manajemen medis lan farmakologis C. difficile sing cocog, uga evaluasi bedah kaya sing dituduhake sacara klinis.
Pengembangan Bakteri sing Tahan Narkoba
Yen ana kemungkinan infèksi bakteri sing sithik, panggunaan imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam kanggo perawatan utawa profilaksis ora mungkin menehi keuntungan lan bisa nambah risiko ngembangake obat. -bakteri tahan. Ngenali antimikroba alternatif kanggo digunakake yen kemungkinan infèksi bakteri kurang.
Populasi Tertentu
KandhutanOra ana data sing cukup kanggo wanita ngandhut. Wis nyebabake mundhut embrio lan kelainan janin ing studi kewan.
LaktasiOra dingerteni manawa disebarake menyang susu manungsa; ing studi kewan, relebactam ana ing susu. Potensi efek ing bayi sing nyusoni utawa ing produksi susu ora dingerteni.
Panggunaan PediatrikKeamanan lan khasiat durung ditetepake.
Panggunaan GeriatrikOra ana bedane farmakokinetik sing signifikan sacara klinis ing pasien ≥65 taun.
Gagal ginjelTurunake dosis ing pasien kanthi Clcr<90 mL/menit.
Efek Sabar sing Umum
Pasien HABP/VABP (≥5%): mundhak ALT/AST, anemia, diare, hipokalemia, hiponatremia.
pasien cUTI lan cIAI (≥2%): diare, mual, sirah, muntah, ALT/AST mundhak, reaksi flebitis/infus, pyrexia, hipertensi.
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Imipenem, Cilastatin Sodium, and Relebactam
Relebactam ora nyandhet isoenzim CYP 1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4, utawa ngindhuksi 1A2, 2B6, utawa 3A4.
Relebactam ora nyegah polipeptida pengangkut anion organik (OATP) 1B1, OAT1B3, OAT1, OAT3, OCT2, P-glikoprotein (P-gp), protein tahan kanker payudara (BCRP), multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) 1, MATE2K, utawa BSEP.
Relebactam yaiku dudu substrat transporter OAT1, OCT2, P-gp, BCRP, MRP2, utawa MRP4, nanging minangka substrat OAT3, OAT4, MATE1, lan MATE2K.
Obat Spesifik
Obat
Interaksi
Komentar
Ganciclovir
Kejang umum wis dilaporake
Aja nggunakake bebarengan
Asam valproat, divalproex
Penurunan konsentrasi asam valproat nambah risiko kejang terobosan
Aja nggunakake bebarengan
Disclaimer
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