Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine
Jeneng merek: Ixiaro
Kelas obat:
Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine
Nyegah Penyakit sing Disebabake Virus Japanese Encephalitis
Nyegah penyakit sing disebabake dening virus Japanese Encephalitis ing wong diwasa, remaja, lan bocah umur 2 sasi utawa luwih. Digunakake kanggo ngrangsang kekebalan aktif marang virus Japanese encephalitis ing wong sing lelungan lan wong liya (contone, personel laboratorium) kanthi risiko kena virus.
Virus Japanese encephalitis, FLavivirus sing ana hubungane karo virus West Nile (WNV), virus encephalitis St. Louis lan Murray Valley, virus demam kuning, lan virus dengue, ditularake menyang manungsa liwat gigitan nyamuk sing kena infeksi. sing ndarbeni virus kanthi nresep sarwa vertebrata sing kena infeksi (biasane babi utawa manuk wading). Manungsa minangka host insidental utawa mati kanggo virus ensefalitis Jepang amarga tingkat utawa durasi viremia biasane ora cukup kanggo nginfeksi nyamuk. Panularan langsung saka wong menyang wong virus ora kedadeyan; Nanging, transmisi intrauterine saka ibu menyang anak nalika meteng bisa kedadeyan lan panularan liwat produk getih utawa organ sing ditransplantasikan kanthi teori bisa kedadeyan.
Transmisi endemik virus Japanese encephalitis sing dilapurake ing ≥24 negara ing Asia Tenggara lan Pasifik Kulon. Senajan infèksi karo virus biasane nyebabake penyakit asimtomatik utawa entheng (mriyang, sirah, meningitis aseptik), 1 saka saben 200-250 infèksi nyebabake penyakit sing abot (demam dhuwur kanthi cepet, sirah, muntah, kelemahan umum, kaku gulu, disorientasi, kejang, paralisis spastik, koma, pati). Ing wilayah endemik virus, kira-kira 30.000-68.000 kasus ensefalitis Jepang dilaporake saben taun; tingkat fatalitas kasus kira-kira 20-30% lan 30-50% sing slamet duwe sisa neurologis utawa psikiatri permanen.
Kanggo umume wong sing lelungan menyang Asia, risiko kena virus Japanese encephalitis sithik banget, nanging beda-beda gumantung saka lokasi lan suwene lelungan, musim, lan aktivitas sing dikarepake wong lelungan. Insiden sakabèhé ensefalitis Jepang ing antarane wong saka negara nonendemik sing lelungan ing Asia kira-kira <1 kasus saben 1 yuta wong sing lelungan. Sanajan risiko dianggep paling tithik kanggo umume wong sing lelungan jangka pendek (lelungan <1 wulan) sing mung ngunjungi wilayah kutha ing Asia, risiko kanggo lelungan sing tetep suwe ing wilayah deso sing ana transmisi aktif virus ensefalitis Jepang lan jangka pendek utawa lelungan sing terus-terusan sing ngalami eksposur ruangan utawa wengi ing wilayah deso sajrone wektu transmisi aktif virus bisa uga padha karo risiko ing populasi penduduk sing rentan.
Risiko panularan virus Japanese encephalitis paling gedhe ing tlatah tetanen deso sing virus endemik lan asring ana hubungane karo produksi beras lan irigasi banjir, sing nyebabake akeh nyamuk vektor berkembang biak ing jarak cedhak karo amplifikasi. sarwa vertebrata. Ing wilayah sedheng Asia, virus ensefalitis Jepang ditularake kanthi musiman (biasane puncak ing musim panas lan musim gugur) lan epidemi musiman sing gedhe bisa kedadeyan. Ing tlatah tropis lan subtropis, panularan virus bisa sporadis utawa kedadeyan kabeh taun, nanging asring puncak nalika musim udan.
Nalika menehi rekomendasi babagan vaksinasi virus Japanese encephalitis kanggo wong sing seneng lelungan, nimbang risiko kurang sakabèhé kanggo penyakit virus Japanese encephalitis sing gegandhengan karo perjalanan, morbiditas lan mortalitas dhuwur sing ana hubungane karo Japanese encephalitis, kemungkinan kurang efek samping serius sawise vaksinasi, lan biaya vaksin. Uga nimbang itinerary sing direncanakake, kalebu tujuan, durasi lelungan, musim, akomodasi, lan aktivitas uga kemungkinan lelungan sing ora dikarepke menyang wilayah sing beresiko dhuwur.
Wong sing arep nginep ≥1 sasi ing wilayah endemik sajrone musim transmisi virus encephalitis Jepang: Komite Penasehat USPHS babagan Praktek Imunisasi (ACIP) lan CDC nyaranake vaksinasi karo JE-VC kanggo kabeh lelungan kuwi. Iki kalebu lelungan jangka panjang, lelungan sing terus-terusan, utawa ekspatriat sing bakal manggon ing wilayah kutha nanging cenderung ngunjungi wilayah deso utawa pertanian endemik sajrone wektu sing berisiko dhuwur kanggo transmisi virus ensefalitis Jepang.
Lelungan jangka cendhak (lelungan kanggo <1 sasi) menyang wilayah endemik nalika musim panularan virus ensefalitis Jepang yen arep lelungan ing njaba kutha utawa nindakake aktivitas sing ana gandhengane karo tambah paparan:
b> ACIP lan CDC nyatakake yen vaksinasi karo JE-VC kudu dianggep kanggo lelungan kasebut. Iki kalebu wong-wong sing bakal nglampahi wektu akeh ing njaba ruangan ing deso utawa wilayah tetanèn (utamané ing wayah sore utawa wayah wengi), sing bakal melu aktivitas outdoor sing ekstensif (contone, camping, hiking, trekking, sepedaan, fishing, mburu, tani), lan sing manggon ing akomodasi tanpa AC, layar, utawa bed net.Wong lelungan menyang wilayah sing ngalami wabah ensefalitis Jepang lan wong sing lelungan menyang wilayah endemik sing ora yakin tujuan, aktivitas, utawa durasi lelungan tartamtu: ACIP lan CDC nyatakake yen vaksinasi karo JE -VC kudu dianggep kanggo lelungan kuwi.
Lelungan jangka cendhak (lelungan kanggo <1 sasi) menyang Asia nalika kunjungan diwatesi ing wilayah kutha utawa wektu ing njaba musim panularan virus ensefalitis Jepang sing wis ditemtokake: Vaksinasi karo JE- VC ora dianjurake.
Kabeh wong sing arep lelungan menyang wilayah sing wis dilapurake ensefalitis Jepang: Amarga risiko infeksi virus Japanese encephalitis bisa beda-beda ing wilayah endemik lan beda-beda saben taun ing wektu tartamtu. wilayah, takon Rekomendasi CDC saiki kanggo lelungan internasional kanggo informasi babagan wilayah geografis ngendi penularan virus lagi dilaporake. Informasi babagan risiko ensefalitis Jepang ing negara-negara tartamtu, informasi babagan nyingkiri nyamuk lan langkah-langkah protèktif marang gigitan nyamuk, lan informasi tambahan babagan keuntungan lan risiko vaksinasi JE-VC ing lelungan kasedhiya saka CDC ing [Web] lan [Web]. p>
Petugas laboratorium sing beresiko kena infeksi virus Japanese encephalitis: ACIP nyaranake vaksinasi JE-VC kanggo kabeh buruh kasebut. Kasus encephalitis Jepang sing dipikolehi ing laboratorium dilaporake; virus kasebut bisa ditularake ing setelan laboratorium liwat tatu jarum suntik utawa, miturut teori, liwat paparan mukosa utawa inhalasi.
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Carane nggunakake Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine
Umum
Administrasi
Administrasi kanthi injeksi IM. Aja menehi IV, intradermal, utawa sub-Q.
Kasedhiya sacara komersial ing jarum suntik kaca dosis tunggal sing wis diisi sadurunge ngemot 0,5 mL vaksin.
Sajrone panyimpenan, katon minangka cairan bening karo endapan putih. Sanalika sadurunge administrasi, goyangake syringe kanggo entuk suspensi putih, opaque, homogen. Aja nggunakake yen warnane ilang utawa ana partikel.
Sawise goyangake jarum suntik sing wis diisi, pasang jarum steril. Kanggo nyedhiyakake dosis sing cocog kanggo bocah-bocah umur 2 sasi nganti 2 taun (0,25 ml), mbuwang bagean isi syringe sing dituduhake liwat jarum menyang wadhah sampah medis miturut pandhuane pabrikan; banjur, ganti jarum nganggo jarum steril anyar lan wenehake 0,25 ml vaksin sing isih ana ing jarum suntik IM. Kanggo wong diwasa, remaja, lan bocah-bocah ≥3 taun, gunakake kabeh isi jarum suntik (0,5 mL) IM.
Aja nyampur karo vaksin liyane.
Syncope (vasovagal utawa vasodepressor) reaksi, pingsan) bisa kedadeyan sawise vaksinasi; reaksi kasebut paling kerep dumadi ing remaja lan wong diwasa enom. Sinkope lan ciloko sekunder bisa dihindari yen vaksin lungguh utawa turu sajrone lan 15 menit sawise vaksinasi. Yen syncope kedadeyan, priksa pasien nganti gejala kasebut ilang.
Bisa diwenehi bebarengan karo vaksin liyane sing cocog karo umur. Nalika vaksin parenteral kaping pirang-pirang ditindakake sajrone kunjungan perawatan kesehatan siji, wenehake saben vaksin nggunakake jarum suntik lan situs injeksi sing beda. Pisah situs injeksi paling sethithik 1 inci (yen bisa sacara anatomis) kanggo ngidini atribusi sing cocog kanggo efek samping lokal sing bisa kedadeyan.
Administrasi IM
Gumantung saka umur pasien, gunakake IM menyang otot deltoid utawa paha anterolateral. Ing bayi lan bocah umur 2 sasi nganti 2 taun, paha anterolateral luwih disenengi; Utawa, otot deltoid bisa digunakake ing umur 1 nganti 2 taun yen massa otot cukup. Ing wong diwasa, remaja, lan bocah-bocah ≥3 taun, otot deltoid luwih disenengi.
Kanggo mesthekake pangiriman menyang otot, gawe injeksi IM kanthi sudut 90° menyang kulit kanthi nggunakake dawa jarum sing cocog kanggo umur lan massa awak, kekandelan jaringan adiposa lan otot ing situs injeksi, lan teknik injeksi.
Aja injeksi menyang area gluteal utawa menyang utawa cedhak pembuluh getih utawa saraf. Umume ora menehi vaksin menyang area gluteal utawa wilayah sing bisa uga ana batang saraf utama. Yen otot gluteal dipilih kanggo bayi <12 sasi amarga kahanan khusus (contone, alangan fisik saka situs liyane), iku penting yen dokter ngenali landmark anatomi sadurunge injeksi.
Dosis
Pasien Anak
Nyegah Penyakit sing Disebabake Virus Japanese Encephalitis Bocah Umur 2 Wulan nganti 2 Taun IMSaben dosis yaiku 0,25 mL saka jarum suntik sing wis diisi (pirsani Administrasi ing Dosis lan Administrasi).
Imunisasi primer: 2 dosis diwenehi 28 dina. Rampungake seri primer 2 dosis paling sethithik 1 minggu sadurunge potensial kena virus Japanese encephalitis.
Dosis booster: Keamanan lan imunogenisitas ora dievaluasi ing bocah umur 2 sasi nganti 2 taun.
Bocah-bocah lan Remaja Umur 3 nganti 16 Taun IMSaben dosis isi kabeh (0,5 mL) jarum suntik sing wis diisi.
Imunisasi primer: 2 dosis diwenehake kanthi interval 28 dina. Rampungake seri primer 2 dosis paling sethithik 1 minggu sadurunge potensial kena virus Japanese encephalitis.
Dosis booster: Safety lan immunogenicity ora dievaluasi ing bocah lan remaja umur 3 nganti 16 taun.
Dewasa
Nyegah Penyakit sing Disebabake Virus Japanese Encephalitis Wong Dewasa Umur 17 Taun utawa Luwih IMSaben dosis isi kabeh (0,5 mL) jarum suntik sing wis diisi.
Imunisasi primer: 2 dosis diwenehi 28 dina. Rampungake seri primer 2 dosis paling sethithik 1 minggu sadurunge potensial kena virus Japanese encephalitis.
Imunisasi primer sing ora lengkap: Yen dosis primer kapindho telat, ana sawetara bukti yen tingkat serokonversi sing dhuwur bisa digayuh ing wong diwasa yen dosis kaping pindho diwenehake sajrone 11 sasi sawise dosis awal.
Dosis booster ing wong diwasa sing sadurunge nampa 2-dosis seri utama lan duwe risiko terus-terusan paparan utawa ngarep-arep reexposure virus: Menehi dosis 0,5-mL siji, yen wis ≥1 taun wiwit rampung 2 - seri utami dosis. Data ora kasedhiya babagan respon imun ing wong diwasa sing nampa dosis booster> 2 taun sawise rampung seri primer 2 dosis. Data ora kasedhiya babagan kabutuhan lan wektu dosis booster tambahan.
Sadurungé ditampa JE-MB (ora kasedhiya maneh ing AS nanging bisa uga kasedhiya ing negara liya) lan duwe risiko terus-terusan paparan utawa ngarepake paparan maneh menyang virus: Revaccinate karo biasane dianjurake seri utami 2-dosis JE-VC.
Populasi Khusus
Ora ana rekomendasi populasi khusus.
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget / PancegahanReaksi Sensitivitas
Ngandhut protamin sulfat, senyawa sing dikenal nyebabake reaksi hipersensitivitas ing sawetara individu.
Pesthekake yen perawatan medis sing cocog wis kasedhiya yen ana reaksi anafilaksis.
Individu kanthi Imunokompetensi sing Diowahi
Sanajan data spesifik ora kasedhiya babagan panggunaan JE-VC ing individu sing kena imunosupresi minangka akibat saka penyakit utawa terapi imunosupresif, vaksin sing ora aktif biasane bisa diwènèhaké marang individu kanthi immunocompetence sing diowahi. Coba kemungkinan respon imun kanggo vaksin bisa suda utawa suboptimal ing individu kasebut.
Yen bisa, vaksinasi lengkap paling sethithik 2 minggu sadurunge miwiti terapi imunosupresif utawa tundha nganti paling sethithik 3 sasi sawise terapi imunosupresif mandheg. (Deleng Obat Spesifik ing Interaksi.)
Penyakit sing bebarengan
Putusan kanggo menehi utawa nundha vaksinasi ing individu sing duwe penyakit akut sing saiki utawa anyar gumantung saka keruwetan gejala lan etiologi penyakit kasebut.
ACIP nyatakake. nundha vaksinasi ing wong sing nandhang penyakit akut sing moderat utawa abot nganti wis pulih kanggo ngindhari efek samping vaksin ing penyakit sing ndasari utawa supaya ora salah nyimpulake yen manifestasi saka penyakit sing nyebabake akibat vaksinasi.
Batesan Efektivitas Vaksin
JE-VC bisa uga ora nglindhungi kabeh panampa vaksin saka Japanese encephalitis.
Wong sing nampa mung siji dosis JE-VC bisa uga ora dilindhungi. virus Japanese encephalitis; pangayoman ora bisa dipercaya nganti 7 dina sawise dosis utami kapindho. (Deleng Dosis ing Dosis lan Administrasi.)
Ora bakal menehi pangayoman marang encephalitis sing disebabake dening virus liya utawa patogen liyane; ora bakal menehi pangayoman marang penyakit liyane sing ditularake nyamuk.
Suwene Kekebalan
Suwene kekebalan sawise vaksinasi karo seri primer 2-dosis JE-VC durung ditemtokake kanthi lengkap.
Sanajan ana sawetara bukti saka siji panaliten ing wong diwasa yen kakebalan protèktif tetep nganti 6, 12, 24, lan 36 sasi ing 95, 83, 82, lan 85%, saben wong sing nampa 2 -dosis seri utami JE-VC, panaliten liyane ing wong diwasa nuduhake yen mung 83, 58, lan 48% vaksin duwe kekebalan protèktif 6, 12, lan 24 sasi, sawise wiwitan seri utama.
Sawise seri primer 2 dosis JE-VC sing cocog karo umur kanggo bocah umur 2 sasi nganti 17 taun, kabeh duwe kekebalan protèktif 7 sasi sabanjure.
Panyimpenan lan Penanganan sing ora bener
Panyimpenan utawa penanganan vaksin sing ora bener bisa nyuda potensi vaksin sing nyebabake nyuda utawa ora nyukupi respon imun ing vaksin.
Priksa kabeh vaksin nalika dikirim lan ngawasi sajrone panyimpenan kanggo mesthekake yen suhu cocok wis maintained. (Deleng Panyimpenan ing Stabilitas.)
Aja menehi vaksin sing salah ditangani utawa ora disimpen ing suhu sing disaranake. Yen ana uneg-uneg babagan salah penanganan, hubungi pabrik utawa departemen imunisasi utawa kesehatan negara bagian utawa lokal kanggo panuntun dhumateng apa vaksin bisa digunakake.
Populasi Tertentu
KandhutanKategori B.
Gunakake nalika meteng mung yen dibutuhake kanthi jelas.
Ora ana studi sing nyukupi lan dikontrol kanthi apik ing wanita ngandhut; ing studi kewan (tikus wadon), ora ana bukti gangguan kesuburan utawa cilaka kanggo janin.
Coba yen virus Japanese encephalitis sing dipikolehi nalika trimester pisanan utawa kaloro ngandhut bisa nyebabake infeksi intrauterine lan aborsi spontan; ana sawetara bukti yen transmisi virus intrauterine bisa kedadeyan.
Lapokake kasus administrasi JE-VC sing ora disengaja nalika meteng menyang 877-683-4732.
LaktasiOra dingerteni manawa disebarake menyang susu manungsa.
Gunakake kanthi ati-ati ing wanita sing nyusoni.
Panggunaan PediatrikKeamanan lan khasiat ora ditetepake ing bayi <2 sasi.
Panggunaan GeriatrikData ora cukup kanggo nemtokake manawa wong diwasa ≥65 taun menehi respon beda karo wong diwasa sing luwih enom.
Efek Samsaya Awon
Bayi lan bocah umur 2 sasi nganti 11 taun: Demam, irritability, gejala kaya flu, diare, muntah, mundhut napsu, ruam, reaksi ing situs injeksi (nyeri). . p>
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine
Vaksin
Sanajan studi tartamtu bisa uga ora kasedhiya kanggo ngevaluasi administrasi bebarengan karo saben antigen, administrasi simultan karo vaksin sing cocog karo umur liyane, kalebu vaksin virus urip, toksoid, utawa vaksin sing ora aktif utawa rekombinan, sajrone kunjungan perawatan kesehatan sing padha, umume ora dikarepake. mengaruhi respon imunologis utawa reaksi salabetipun kanggo samubarang preparat. Nanging, saben vaksin parenteral kudu diwenehake nganggo jarum suntik sing beda lan situs injeksi sing beda.
Obat Spesifik
Obat
Interaksi
Komentar
Vaksin Hepatitis A (HepA)
Wis diwenehake bebarengan karo vaksin HepA ing wong diwasa sehat; ora ana pengaruh ing respon imun kanggo salah siji vaksin
Bisa diterbitake bebarengan (nggunakake jarum suntik beda lan situs injeksi beda)
Agen imunosupresif (contone, agen alkilasi, antimetabolit, kortikosteroid, radiasi)
Potensi respon antibodi sing suda utawa suboptimal kanggo JE-VC
Yen bisa, vaksinasi lengkap ≥2 minggu sadurunge miwiti terapi imunosupresif utawa nundha vaksinasi nganti ≥3 sasi sawise terapi kasebut mandheg
Yen dileksanakake sajrone kemoterapi, divaksinasi maneh sawise kompetensi kekebalan pulih maneh
Disclaimer
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Ora ana bebaya kanggo kombinasi obat utawa obat sing diwenehake kanthi cara apa wae kudu ditafsirake kanggo nuduhake yen obat utawa kombinasi obat kasebut aman, efektif utawa cocok kanggo pasien tartamtu. Drugslib.com ora nanggung tanggung jawab kanggo aspek kesehatan apa wae sing ditindakake kanthi bantuan informasi sing diwenehake Drugslib.com. Informasi sing ana ing kene ora dimaksudake kanggo nyakup kabeh panggunaan, pituduh, pancegahan, bebaya, interaksi obat, reaksi alergi, utawa efek samping. Yen sampeyan duwe pitakon babagan obat sing sampeyan gunakake, takon dhokter, perawat utawa apoteker.
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