Lefamulin
Jeneng merek: Xenleta
Kelas obat:
Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Lefamulin
Pneumonia sing dipikolehi masyarakat
Pengobatan pneumonia bakteri sing dipikolehi komunitas (CABP) sing disebabake dening Streptococcus pneumoniae sing rentan, Staphylococcus aureus (galur sing rentan methicillin [oxacillin-sensible]), Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella pneum Mycoplasma pneumoniae, lan Chlamydophila pneumoniae (sadurungé Chlamydia pneumoniae).
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Carane nggunakake Lefamulin
Administrasi
Kasedhiya kanthi lisan utawa kanthi infus IV alon.
Administrasi Oral
Kasedhiya tablet kanthi lisan nalika weteng kosong (yaiku, paling ora 1 jam sadurunge utawa 2 jam sawise mangan). (Deleng Panganan ing Farmakokinetik.)
Tablet ngulu kabèh nganggo banyu 6–8 ons; aja ngethok, ngunyah utawa ngremuk.
Administrasi IV
Administrasi kanthi infus IV.
Konsentrasi injeksi lefamulin kudu diencerake sadurunge infus IV nggunakake sitrat- buffered 0,9% sodium chloride diluent sing diwenehake dening pabrikan.
Aja nggunakake tas infus IV sing ngemot larutan lefamulin sing diencerake ing sambungan seri; aja nglebokake aditif menyang larutan sing diencerake.
PengenceranPindahake kabeh isi vial dosis tunggal 15-mL sing ngemot konsentrat injeksi lefamulin (150 mg) menyang kantong infus 250-mL IV sing ngemot sitrat-buffer 0,9 % injeksi natrium klorida sing disedhiyakake dening pabrikan lan nyampur sak tenane.
Aja diencerake ing pelarut liyane.
Larutan IV sing diencerke kudu katon bening lan ora ana warna.
Tingkat saka AdministrasiAdministrasi kanthi infus IV sajrone 1 jam.
Aja ngluwihi dosis sing disaranake lan tingkat infus IV. (Deleng Prolongation of QT Interval ing Cautions.)
Dosis
Kasedhiya minangka lefamulin acetate; dosis sing dituduhake ing istilah lefamulin.
Dewasa
Pneumonia Oral sing diolehake komunitas600 mg saben 12 jam suwene 5 dina.
IV150 mg kanthi infus IV saben 12 jam kanggo 5-7 dina.
Bisa ngalih menyang lefamulin oral (600 mg saben 12 jam) miturut kawicaksanan dokter kanggo ngrampungake total durasi perawatan (IV lan oral) 5-7 dina.
p>Batesan Resep
Dewasa
Pneumonia Oral sing diolehake komunitasMaksimum 600 mg saben 12 jam suwene 5 dina.
IVMaksimum 150 mg kanthi IV infus saben 12 jam kanggo 5-7 dina.
Populasi Khusus
Gangguan Hepatik
OralGangguan hepatik entheng (kelas Anak-Pugh A): Penyesuaian dosis ora dibutuhake.
Gangguan ati moderat utawa abot (Child-Pugh kelas B utawa C): Ora dianjurake; farmakokinetik ora dievaluasi.
Monitor kanggo efek salabetipun. (Deleng Cacat Hepatik ing Caution.)
IVGangguan ati sing entheng utawa sedheng (kelas A utawa B Anak-Pugh): Ora perlu pangaturan dosis.
Gangguan ati sing abot (kelas C Child-Pugh): 150 mg kanthi infus IV saben 24 jam.
Monitor kanggo efek salabetipun. (Deleng Cacat Hepatik ing Ati-ati.)
Gangguan Ginjal
Oral utawa IVGangguan ginjel entheng, moderat, utawa abot, kalebu sing nampa hemodialisis: Penyesuaian dosis ora dibutuhake. (Deleng Kerusakan Ginjal ing Ati-ati.)
Pasien Geriatrik
Ora ana rekomendasi dosis khusus.
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget / PancegahanPanjangan Interval QT
Panjangan interval QT (QTc) sing dikoreksi dilaporake. Katon kedadeyan kanthi cara gumantung konsentrasi plasma; aja ngluwihi dosis sing disaranake lan tingkat infus IV.
Tambah risiko perpanjangan interval QT lan torsades de pointes yen substrat CYP3A4 sensitif sing ndawakake interval QT digunakake bebarengan karo lefamulin oral. Panggunaan bebarengan bisa nyebabake paningkatan konsentrasi plasma obat kasebut lan bisa nyebabake pemanjangan interval QT lan torsades de pointes; nggunakake bebarengan karo lefamulin lisan wis contraindicated.
Aja lefamulin ing patients karo dikenal prolongation interval QT utawa aritmia ventricular (kalebu torsades de pointes). Yen lefamulin ora bisa dihindari ing pasien kasebut, monitor ECG.
Panganggo bareng kelas IA (contone, quinidine, procainamide) utawa kelas III (contone, amiodarone, sotalol) agen antiarrhythmic utawa obat liyane sing nambah QT. interval (contone, erythromycin, pimozide, moxifloxacin, agen antipsikotik, antidepresan trisiklik) bisa nambah risiko perpanjangan interval QT; supaya nggunakake concomitant karo agen iki. Yen panggunaan bebarengan ora bisa dihindari, monitor ECG.
Risiko interval QT sing luwih dawa bisa uga tambah ing pasien kanthi gangguan hepatik entheng, moderat, utawa abot lan ing pasien gagal ginjal sing mbutuhake dialisis amarga gangguan metabolisme sing ana gandhengane karo hepatik. insufficiency lan gagal ginjel bisa nyebabake prolongation interval QT. Yen lefamulin ora bisa dihindari ing pasien kasebut, monitor ECG.
Morbiditas lan Mortalitas Janin/Neonatal
Adhedhasar temuan kewan, bisa nyebabake cilaka janin yen digunakake ing wanita ngandhut. Toksisitas embriofetal, lethality, lan teratogenisitas dituduhake ing kewan.
Nglakokake tes meteng sadurunge miwiti lefamulin ing wanita sing potensial nglairake anak; meteng kudu dihindari sajrone terapi karo obat kasebut. (Deleng Wanita Potensi Reproduksi ing Caution.)
Superinfection/Clostridioides difficile-associated Diare and Colitis (CDAD)
Pengobatan kanthi anti-infèksi ngubah flora usus normal lan bisa ngidinake tuwuhing Clostridioides difficile (sadurungé Clostridium difficile).
C. infèksi difficile (CDI) lan C. difficile-related diare lan kolitis (CDAD; uga dikenal minangka antibiotik-related diare lan colitis utawa pseudomembranous colitis) dilapurake karo meh kabeh anti-infèksi, kalebu lefamulin, lan bisa sawetara saka keruwetan saka diare entheng kanggo kolitis fatal. C. difficile ngasilake racun A lan B sing nyumbang kanggo pangembangan CDAD; galur C. difficile sing ngasilake hipertoksin digandhengake karo tambah morbiditas lan mortalitas amarga bisa uga refrakter kanggo anti-infèksi lan kolektomi bisa uga dibutuhake.
Coba CDAD yen diare berkembang sajrone utawa sawise terapi lan ngatur kanthi bener. Entuk riwayat medis sing ati-ati amarga CDAD bisa kedadeyan nganti 2 sasi utawa luwih sawise terapi anti-infektif dihentikan.
Yen CDAD dicurigai utawa dikOnfirmasi, mandhegake anti-infèksi sing ora ditujokake marang C. difficile yen bisa. Miwiti terapi anti-infeksi sing cocog kanggo C. difficile (contone, Fidaxomicin, vancomycin, metronidazole), terapi sing ndhukung (contone, manajemen cairan lan elektrolit, suplemen protein), lan evaluasi bedah kaya sing dituduhake sacara klinis.
Pamilihan lan Panggunaan Anti-infèksi
Kanggo nyuda pangembangan bakteri sing tahan obat lan njaga efektifitas lefamulin lan antibakteri liyane, gunakake mung kanggo perawatan infeksi sing wis kabukten utawa diduga disebabake dening bakteri sing rentan. .
Nalika milih utawa ngowahi terapi anti-infèksi, gunakake asil kultur lan tes kerentanan in vitro. Yen ora ana data kasebut, nimbang pola epidemiologi lan kerentanan lokal nalika milih anti-infèksi kanggo terapi empiris.
Informasi babagan metode tes lan standar kontrol kualitas kanggo tes kerentanan in vitro saka agen antibakteri lan kriteria interpretasi khusus kanggo tes kasebut sing diakoni dening FDA kasedhiya ing [Web].
Populasi Tertentu
KandhutanData ora kasedhiya babagan panggunaan lefamulin ing wanita ngandhut kanggo ngevaluasi risiko cacat lair utama, keguguran, utawa asil ibu utawa janin sing ora becik.
Adhedhasar panaliten kewan, bisa nyebabake cilaka janin yen digunakake ing wanita ngandhut. (Waca Fetal/Neonatal Morbidity and Mortalitas ing Ati-ati.)
Yen lefamulin ora disengaja nalika meteng utawa yen meteng ana nalika nampa obat kasebut, laporake program pharmacovigilance meteng lefamulin ing 855-562-2748.
LaktasiOra dingerteni manawa lefamulin nyebar menyang susu manungsa, mengaruhi produksi susu, utawa mengaruhi bayi sing lagi nyusoni. Disebarake menyang susu ing tikus.
Amarga potensial kanggo reaksi salabetipun serius kanggo lefamulin ing bayi sing nyusoni (contone, prolongation interval QT), wanita ora kudu nyusoni nalika njupuk lefamulin lan 2 dina sawise dosis pungkasan. .
Wanita Potensi ReproduksiNindakake tes meteng sadurunge miwiti lefamulin ing wanita potensial reproduksi.
Anjurake wanita sing duwe potensi reproduksi kanggo nggunakake kontrasepsi efektif sajrone perawatan lefamulin lan 2 dina sawise dosis pungkasan.
Panggunaan PediatrikKeamanan lan khasiat ora ditetepake ing pasien <18 taun.
Panggunaan GeriatrikIng studi klinis ngevaluasi lefamulin, 41,5% pasien umure ≥65 taun . Ora ana bedane sakabèhé ing safety utawa khasiat sing diamati ing antarane pasien geriatrik lan wong diwasa sing luwih enom.
Gangguan HepatikGangguan metabolik sing ana gandhengane karo gangguan hepatik bisa nyebabake prolongasi interval QT. Monitor ECG sajrone terapi lefamulin oral utawa IV ing pasien kanthi gangguan hepatik. (Waca Prolongation of QT Interval ing Ati-ati)
IV: Setengah umur tambah, ikatan protein suda, lan AUC saka lefamulin sing ora kaiket mundhak kaping telu sawise administrasi IV ing pasien kanthi gangguan hepatik abot (Child-Pugh). kelas C). Nyetel dosis lefamulin IV ing pasien kanthi gangguan ati sing abot. (Deleng Hepatic Impairment ing Dosis lan Administrasi.)
Oral: Ora dianjurake kanggo pasien kanthi gangguan hepatik moderat utawa abot (kelas B utawa C Anak-Pugh); farmakokinetik lefamulin oral ora dievaluasi ing pasien kanthi gangguan hepatik;
Gagal ginjelGangguan metabolik sing ana gandhengane karo gagal ginjal sing mbutuhake dialisis bisa nyebabake prolongasi interval QT. Monitor ECG sajrone terapi lefamulin oral utawa IV ing pasien kasebut. (Deleng Prolongation of QT Interval ing Ati-ati.)
Farmacokinetik lefamulin ora kena pengaruh gagal ginjal.
Efek Umum sing Saru
Oral: Diare, mual, muntah, peningkatan enzim hepatik.
IV: Reaksi ing situs administrasi (nyeri ing situs infus, flebitis), peningkatan enzim hepatik , mual, hipokalemia, insomnia, sirah.
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Lefamulin
Dimetabolisme utamane dening CYP3A4.
In vitro, lefamulin nyandhet CYP2C8, protein tahan kanker payudara (BCRP), lan multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) transporter 1.
Obat sing Ngaruhi dening Enzim Mikrosomal Hepatik
Inhibitor CYP3A sing moderat lan kuat: Interaksi farmakokinetik potensial (tambah pajanan lefamulin) lan kemungkinan tambah risiko keracunan yen digunakake karo lefamulin oral.
Induser moderat lan kuat saka CYP3A: Potensi interaksi farmakokinetik (mudhun paparan lefamulin) lan bisa nyuda khasiat terapeutik yen digunakake karo lefamulin oral utawa IV.
Obat sing dimetabolisme dening Enzim Mikrosomal Hepatik
Substrat CYP3A: Potensi interaksi farmakokinetik karo lefamulin oral (tambah cahya saka substrat CYP3A lan bisa nambah risiko efek ala saka substrat CYP3A). Ora ana interaksi penting sacara klinis karo lefamulin IV.
Obat-obatan sing Ngaruhi utawa Dipengaruhi dening Transporter Membran
Inhibitor P-glikoprotein (P-gp): Potensi interaksi farmakokinetik (tambah paparan lefamulin) lan bisa uga. tambah keracunan yen digunakake karo lefamulin oral.
Induser P-glikoprotein (P-gp): Potensi interaksi farmakokinetik (mudhun paparan lefamulin) lan bisa nyuda khasiat terapeutik.
Obat-obat sing Manjang. Interval QT
Interaksi farmakologis potensial (tambah risiko perpanjangan interval QT). Aja nggunakake bebarengan karo obat liya sing dikenal bisa nambah interval QT.
Obat Spesifik
Obat
Interaksi
Komentar
Alprazolam
Alprazolam (substrat CYP3A sensitif): Kemungkinan tambah cahya alprazolam lan tambah risiko efek ala sing ana gandhengane karo alprazolam yen digunakake karo lefamulin oral; Ora ana efek ing paparan alprazolam sing dikarepake yen digunakake karo lefamulin IV
Yen substrat CYP3A sing sensitif digunakake bebarengan karo lefamulin oral, monitor kanthi rapet kanggo keracunan sing ana gandhengane karo substrat CYP3A
Antiarrhythmics, kelas IA (contone. , quinidine, procainamide) utawa III (contone, amiodarone, sotalol)
Bisa tambah risiko interval QT sing luwih dawa
Aja nggunakake bebarengan karo obat-obatan sing dikenal bisa nambah interval QT; yen panggunaan bebarengan ora bisa dihindari, monitor ECG
Antibakteri
Doxycycline: Efek antibakteri sinergis marang S. aureus in vitro
Amikacin, azithromycin, aztreonam, Ceftriaxone, Levofloxacin, linezolid, Meropenem, penisilin, tigecycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, vankomisin: Ora ana bukti in vitro antagonis karo lefamulin
Antidepresan sing dikenal bisa ndawakake interval QT (contone, trisiklik)
Bisa tambah risiko interval QT sing luwih dawa
Aja nggunakake bebarengan karo obat-obatan sing dikenal bisa nambah interval QT; yen nggunakake bebarengan ora bisa dihindari, monitor ECGs
Antipsikotik dikenal kanggo prolong interval QT (contone, pimozide)
Pimozide (substrat CYP3A sensitif sing prolongs interval QT): Kemungkinan tambah paparan pimozide lan risiko tambah efek samping sing gegandhengan karo pimozide karo lefamulin oral
Kamungkinan tambah risiko interval QT sing luwih dawa
Pimozide: Panggunaan bebarengan karo lefamulin oral kontraindikasi
Antipsikotik liyane dikenal kanggo prolong interval QT: Aja nggunakake concomitant; yen panggunaan bebarengan ora bisa dihindari, monitor ECG
Digoxin
Ora ana efek ing farmakokinetik digoxin yen digunakake karo lefamulin oral
Diltiazem
Diltiazem (substrat CYP3A sensitif): Kemungkinan tambah paparan diltiazem lan tambah risiko efek samping sing ana gandhengane karo diltiazem yen digunakake karo lefamulin oral; Ora ana efek ing paparan diltiazem sing dikarepake yen digunakake karo lefamulin IV
Yen substrat CYP3A sing sensitif digunakake bebarengan karo lefamulin oral, ngawasi kanthi rapet kanggo keracunan sing ana gandhengane karo substrat CYP3A
Eritromisin
Kamungkinan tambah risiko interval QT sing luwih dawa
Aja nggunakake bebarengan karo obat-obatan sing dikenal bisa nambah interval QT; yen panggunaan bebarengan ora bisa dihindari, monitor ECG
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole (inhibitor CYP3A kuat): Tambah konsentrasi plasma puncak lefamulin lan AUC; kemungkinan tambah risiko keracunan lefamulin
Inhibitor CYP3A sing kuat: Aja nggunakake bebarengan
Midazolam
Midazolam (substrat CYP3A sensitif): Tambah konsentrasi plasma puncak midazolam lan AUC yen digunakake karo lefamulin lisan; Ora ana efek klinis penting ing paparan midazolam yen digunakake karo lefamulin IV
Yen digunakake bebarengan karo lefamulin oral, ngawasi kanthi teliti kanggo keracunan sing ana gandhengane karo substrat CYP3A
Moxifloxacin
Bisa tambah risiko interval QT sing luwih dawa
Aja nggunakake bebarengan karo obat liya sing dikenal bisa nambah interval QT; yen panggunaan bebarengan ora bisa dihindari, monitor ECG
Rifampin
Rifampisin (inducer CYP3A kuat): Suda konsentrasi plasma puncak lefamulin lan AUC lan bisa nyuda khasiat lefamulin yen digunakake karo lefamulin oral utawa IV
Aja nggunakake bebarengan kajaba keuntungan luwih gedhe tinimbang risiko
Simvastatin
Simvastatin (substrat CYP3A sensitif): Kemungkinan tambah paparan simvastatin lan tambah risiko efek samping sing ana gandhengane karo simvastatin yen digunakake karo lefamulin lisan; Ora ana efek ing paparan simvastatin sing dikarepake yen digunakake karo lefamulin IV
Yen substrat CYP3A sing sensitif digunakake bebarengan karo lefamulin oral, ngawasi kanthi teliti kanggo keracunan sing ana hubungane karo substrat CYP3A
Vardenafil
Vardenafil (substrat CYP3A sensitif): Kemungkinan tambah paparan vardenafil lan tambah risiko efek saleh sing gegandhengan karo vardenafil yen digunakake karo lefamulin lisan; Ora ana efek ing paparan vardenafil sing dikarepake yen digunakake karo lefamulin IV
Yen substrat CYP3A sing sensitif digunakake bebarengan karo lefamulin oral, ngawasi kanthi rapet kanggo keracunan sing ana gandhengane karo substrat CYP3A
Verapamil
Verapamil (substrat CYP3A sensitif): Kemungkinan tambah verapamil lan tambah risiko efek samping sing ana gandhengane karo verapamil yen digunakake karo lefamulin lisan; Ora ana efek ing paparan verapamil sing dikarepake yen digunakake karo lefamulin IV
Yen substrat CYP3A sing sensitif digunakake bebarengan karo lefamulin oral, ngawasi kanthi rapet kanggo keracunan sing ana gandhengane karo substrat CYP3A
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