Lenacapavir (Systemic)
Jeneng merek: Sunlenca
Kelas obat:
Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Lenacapavir (Systemic)
Pengobatan Infeksi HIV
Pengobatan infeksi HIV-1 ing wong diwasa sing wis ngalami perawatan abot karo infeksi HIV-1 sing tahan multi-obat sing gagal regimen antiretroviral saiki amarga resistensi, intoleransi, utawa pertimbangan safety. Digunakake kanthi kombinasi karo antiretroviral liyane.
Pedoman saiki babagan perawatan HIV ing wong diwasa kalebu lenacapavir ing antarane agen liyane kanthi mekanisme aksi anyar sing bisa digunakake minangka bagean saka regimen perawatan anyar sawise gagal virologi saka regimen sing ana; goleki pedoman kanggo informasi paling anyar babagan regimen sing disaranake.
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Carane nggunakake Lenacapavir (Systemic)
Umum
Skrining Pretreatment
Ngawasi Pasien
Administrasi
Diwenehake kanthi lisan lan injeksi sub-Q. Gunakake formulasi lisan minangka bagéan saka regimen wiwitan; ora ditrapake kanggo dosis pangopènan jangka panjang.
Administrasi Lisan
Administrasi nganggo utawa tanpa panganan.
Administrasi Sub-Q
Administrasi sub-Q lenacapavir dening profesional medis terlatih. Atur menyang weteng paling sethithik 2 inci saka pusar. Loro injeksi 1,5 ml dibutuhake kanggo dosis lengkap; menehi saben injeksi ing situs sing beda ing weteng.
Disedhiyakake ing kit dosis sing ngemot 2 vial dosis tunggal lenacapavir (saben ngemot 463,5 mg / 1,5 mL lenacapavir), 2 piranti akses vial, 2 sing bisa digunakake jarum suntik, lan 2 jarum safety injeksi. Isi kit injeksi mung kanggo panggunaan siji. Solusi injeksi kudu katon bening lan kuning tanpa partikel sing katon. Aja nggunakake yen solusi wis discolored utawa ngandhut partikel. Gunakake piranti akses vial sing kasedhiya kanggo mbatalake obat saka bokor menyang jarum suntik kanggo administrasi. Deleng informasi resep kanggo instruksi persiapan lan administrasi sing rinci.
Dosis
Dewasa
Perawatan Infeksi HIV Oral, banjur Sub-QMiwiti nggunakake 1 saka 2 inisiasi regimen dosis, banjur wiwiti dosis pangopènan saben 6 sasi (Deleng Tabel 1).
Tabel 1. Regimen Dosis Inisiasi lan Pangopènan kanggo Lenacapavir1Opsi Regimen Dosis Inisiasi 1
Dina 1: 927 mg injeksi sub-Q (2 × 1,5 mL injeksi) lan 600 mg oral (2 × 300 mg tablet
Dina 2: 600 mg oral (2 x 300 mg tablet) )
Opsi Regimen Dosis Awal 2
Dina 1: 600 mg oral (2 x 300 mg tablet)
Dina 2: 600 mg oral (2 x tablet 300 mg)
Dina 8: 300 mg oral (1 x 300 mg tablet)
Dina 15: 927 mg kanthi injeksi sub-Q (2 x 1,5 mL injeksi)
Dosis Pangopènan
927 mg kanthi sub-Q injeksi (2 × 1,5 mL injeksi) saben 6 sasi (26 minggu) saka tanggal injeksi pungkasan +/-2 minggu
Sajrone periode pangopènan, yen luwih saka 28 minggu wis liwati wiwit injeksi pungkasan lan yen klinis cocok kanggo nerusake perawatan lenacapavir, miwiti maneh regimen dosis wiwitan saka dina 1 nggunakake salah siji saka dianjurake. regimen wiwitan.
Populasi Khusus
Gangguan Hepatik
Ora ana pangaturan dosis kanggo gangguan hepatik entheng utawa moderat (Child-Pugh Kelas A utawa B); ora dievaluasi ing gangguan ati sing abot (Child-Pugh Kelas C).
Gangguan Ginjal
Ora ana pangaturan dosis kanggo gangguan ginjel entheng, moderat, utawa abot (kira-kira Clcr ≥15 mL/menit ); ora dievaluasi ing penyakit ginjel tahap pungkasan (kira-kira Clcr<15 mL/menit).
Gunakake Geriatri
Ora ana rekomendasi dosis tartamtu.
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget/PanandhapSindrom Rekonstitusi Kekebalan
Sindrom rekonstitusi kekebalan sing dilapurake ing pasien sing diobati karo terapi antiretroviral kombinasi. Sajrone fase wiwitan perawatan kombinasi antiretroviral, pasien sing sistem kekebalan nanggapi bisa ngalami respon inflamasi kanggo infeksi oportunistik indolent utawa residual [kayata infeksi Mycobacterium avium, cytomegalovirus, pneumonia Pneumocystis jirovecii (PCP), utawa tuberkulosis], sing mbutuhake evaluasi luwih lanjut. lan perawatan.
Kelainan autoimun (kayata penyakit Graves, polymyositis, sindrom Guillain-Barré, lan hepatitis otoimun) uga wis dilapurake ing setelan rekonstitusi kekebalan; Nanging, wektu kanggo wiwitan luwih maneka warna, lan bisa kedadeyan pirang-pirang wulan sawise miwiti perawatan.
Sifat Long-acting lan Potensi Risiko sing Gegandhengan karo Lenacapavir
Konsentrasi sisa lenacapavir bisa tetep ana ing sirkulasi sistemik kanggo wektu sing suwe (nganti 12 sasi utawa luwih suwe sawise dosis sub-Q pungkasan). Konsultasi pasien yen dosis pangopènan kanthi injeksi dibutuhake saben 6 wulan; dosis sing ora kejawab utawa ora ketaatan kanggo injeksi bisa nyebabake ilang respon virologi lan pangembangan resistensi.
Lenacapavir, inhibitor CYP3A moderat, bisa nambah paparan, lan mulane, risiko reaksi salabetipun saka obat-obatan utamane. dimetabolisme dening CYP3A sing diwiwiti sajrone 9 sasi sawise dosis sub-Q pungkasan saka lenacapavir.
Yen lenacapavir dihentikan, miwiti regimen antiretroviral alternatif sing supresif kanthi lengkap yen bisa ora luwih saka 28 minggu sawise injeksi pungkasan lenacapavir . Yen gagal virologi nalika perawatan, ganti pasien menyang regimen alternatif yen bisa.
Reaksi Situs Injeksi
Pemberian sub-Q saka lenacapavir bisa nyebabake reaksi lokal ing situs injeksi kalebu pembengkakan, nyeri, eritema, nodul, indurasi, pruritus, extravastion, utawa massa. Yen ana reaksi klinis sing signifikan ing situs injeksi, evaluasi lan tindakake terapi lan tindak lanjut sing cocog. Nodul lan indurasi ing situs injeksi bisa luwih suwe tinimbang reaksi ing situs injeksi liyane.
Populasi Tertentu
KandhutanDaftar pasien sing meteng ing Registry Kandhutan Antiretroviral ing 1-800-258-4263.
Data manungsa sing ora cukup babagan panggunaan lenacapavir sajrone meteng ana kanggo ngandhani risiko cacat lair lan keguguran sing ana gandhengane karo obat. Ing studi reproduksi kewan, ora ana efek pangembangan sing ala nalika lenacapavir diwenehake marang tikus lan terwelu ing pajanan (AUC) ≥16 kaping paparan ing manungsa ing dosis lenacapavir sing disaranake manungsa.
LaktasiOra dingerteni manawa lenacapavir ana ing susu ibu, mengaruhi produksi susu manungsa, utawa duweni efek ing bayi sing disusu. Data kewan nuduhake tingkat lenacapavir sing kurang ing plasma anak tikus sing nyusoni.
Pusat Kontrol lan Nyegah Penyakit nyaranake supaya pasien sing kena HIV-1 ing Amerika Serikat ora nyusoni bayi-bayi kanggo ngindhari risiko infeksi HIV-1 sawise lair. Amarga potensial kanggo panularan HIV (ing bayi HIV-negatif), pangembangan resistensi virus (ing bayi HIV-positif), lan reaksi salabetipun ing bayi sing nyusoni padha karo sing katon ing wong diwasa, instruksi pasien supaya ora nyusoni yen lagi nyusoni. lenacapavir.
Panggunaan PediatrikKeamanan lan kesahihan durung ditetepake.
Panggunaan GeriatrikJumlah pasien sing cukup umur ≥65 taun ora dievaluasi ing studi klinis.
Gagal GinjalFarmakokinetik lenacapavir ora kena pengaruh kanthi signifikan amarga gagal ginjal sing abot (Clcr 15 nganti <30 mL/menit). Ora ana pangaturan dosis lenacapavir sing disaranake ing pasien kanthi Clcr ≥15 mL / menit. Ora diteliti ing pasien sing kira-kira Clcr <15 mL/menit.
Gangguan HepatikFarmakokinetik lenacapavir ora kena pengaruh sacara signifikan dening gangguan hepatik moderat (Child-Pugh Kelas B). Ora ana panyesuaian dosis sing disaranake ing pasien kanthi gangguan hepatik entheng (Child-Pugh Class A) utawa moderat (Child-Pugh Class B). Ora diteliti ing pasien kanthi gangguan ati sing abot (Child-Pugh Kelas C).
Efek Saru Umum
Reaksi salabetipun sing paling umum (≥3%): mual, reaksi ing situs injeksi.
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Lenacapavir (Systemic)
Substrat CYP3A, P-glikoprotein (P-gp), lan UGT1A1; inhibitor CYP3A moderat; lan inhibitor P-gp lan protein tahan kanker payudara (BCRP).
Ora substrat, inducer, utawa inhibitor CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, utawa CYP2D6. Ora inducer CYP3A4 utawa inhibitor UGT1A1. Ora inhibitor polipeptida pengangkut anion organik (OATP), transporter anion organik (OAT) 1, OAT3, transporter kation organik (OCT) 1, OCT2, multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter (MATE) 1, utawa MATE 2-K. Ora substrat saka BCRP, OATP1B1, utawa OATP1B3.
Obat sing Ngaruhi utawa Dimetabolisme dening Enzim Mikrosomal Hepatik
Inducer CYP3A Kuat utawa Sedheng
Induser CYP3A sing kuat utawa moderat bisa nyuda konsentrasi plasma lenacapavir kanthi signifikan, sing bisa nyebabake efek terapeutik lan pangembangan resistensi. Administrasi serentak saka inducers CYP3A sing kuat lan lenacapavir dikontraindikasi. Panggunaan bebarengan karo inducers CYP3A moderat lan lenacapavir ora dianjurake.
Gabungan P-gp, UGT1A1, lan Inhibitor CYP3A Kuat
Gabungan P-gp, UGT1A1, lan inhibitor CYP3A sing kuat bisa nambah sacara signifikan. konsentrasi plasma lenacapavir. Panggunaan bebarengan agen kasebut lan lenacapavir ora dianjurake.
Obat sing Dimetabolisme Utamane dening CYP3A
Lenacapavir minangka inhibitor CYP3A moderat. Amarga setengah umur sing dawa sawise administrasi sub-Q, lenacapavir bisa nambah paparan lan risiko efek samping obat sing utamane dimetabolisme dening CYP3A sing diwiwiti sajrone 9 sasi sawise dosis sub-Q terakhir lenacapavir. Pangaturan dosis saka substrat CYP3A bisa uga dibutuhake.
Obat Spesifik
Obat
Interaksi
Komentar
Antikonvulsan (Carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin)
Penurunan konsentrasi lenacapavir, nyebabake efek terapeutik lan pangembangan resistensi
Ko-administrasi bebarengan karo carbamazepine utawa phenytoin kontraindikasi
Ko-administrasi bebarengan karo oxcarbazepine utawa phenobarbital ora dianjurake; nimbang nggunakake anticonvulsant alternatif
Antimycobacterial (rifampisin, rifabutin, rifapentine)
Konsentrasi lenacapavir suda, nyebabake efek terapeutik lan pangembangan resistensi
Co- administrasi karo rifampisin kontraindikasi
Ko-administrasi bebarengan karo rifabutin utawa rifapentine ora dianjurake
Antiretroviral (atazanavir/cobicistat, atazanavir/ritonavir, efavirenz, Nevirapine, tipranavir/ritonavir)
Atanazavir/cobicistat, atazanavir/ritonavir; tambah konsentrasi lenacapavir
Efavirenz, nevirapine, tipranavir/ritonavir: nyuda konsentrasi lenacapavir, nyebabake efek terapeutik lan pangembangan resistensi
Ora ana interaksi signifikan klinis sing diamati karo darunavir/cobicistat, cobicistat , utawa Tenofovir alafenamide
Kortikosteroid, sistemik (Dexamethasone, hidrokortison, kortison)
Peningkatan konsentrasi kortikosteroid; tambah risiko sindrom Cushing lan suppression adrenal.
Miwiti kanthi dosis kortikosteroid paling murah lan titrasi kanthi ati-ati nalika ngawasi safety
Digoxin
Nambah konsentrasi digoxin
Gunakake kanthi ati-ati lan ngawasi konsentrasi terapeutik digoxin
Antikoagulan oral langsung (DOAC) (rivaroxaban, dabigatran, edoxaban)
Nambah konsentrasi DOAC
Deleng menyang informasi resep DOAC kanggo rekomendasi babagan administrasi bebarengan karo inhibitor CYP3A lan P-gp moderat gabungan
Turunan Ergot (dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methylergonovine)
Peningkatan konsentrasi turunan ergot
Ko-administrasi ora dianjurake
Inhibitor reduktase HMG-CoA (lovastatin, simvastatin)
Peningkatan konsentrasi lovastatin utawa simvastatin
Ora ana interaksi signifikan klinis sing diamati antarane lenacapavir lan pitavastatin utawa rosuvastatin
Miwiti lovastatin utawa simvastatin kanthi dosis wiwitan sing paling murah lan titrasi nalika ngawasi safety (contone, myopathy)
Naloxegol
Tambah konsentrasi naloxegol
Aja nggunakake bebarengan; yen ora bisa diendhani, ngurangi dosis naloxegol lan monitor reaksi salabetipun
Analgesik opioid (Buprenorphine, fentanyl, metadon, oxycodone, tramadol)
Fentanyl, oxycodone: nambah konsentrasi narkotika sing dimetabolisme dening CYP3A
Tramadol: nambah konsentrasi tramadol
Burpenorfin, methadone: efek sing ora dingerteni ing konsentrasi
Fentanyl, oxycodone: ngawasi efek terapeutik lan reaksi salabetipun (contone, depresi ambegan)
Tramadol: nyuda dosis bisa uga dibutuhake
Buprenorphine, metadon: nalika miwiti analgesik, titrasi kanthi ati-ati lan gunakake sing paling murah. dosis awal utawa pangopènan. Nalika miwiti lenacapavir, pangaturan dosis analgesik opioid bisa uga dibutuhake; monitor pratandha lan gejala klinis
Inhibitor Phosphodiesterase (PDE-5) (sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil)
Peningkatan konsentrasi inhibitor PDE-5
Kanggo arteri pulmonalis hipertensi (PAH): administrasi bebarengan karo tadalafil ora dianjurake
Kanggo disfungsi ereksi: deleng informasi resep inhibitor PDE-5 kanggo rekomendasi dosis
Sedative/hipnotik (midazolam [oral], triazolam)
Peningkatan konsentrasi midazolam lan triazolam sing diwenehake sacara oral
Gunakake kanthi ati-ati nalika digunakake bebarengan
St. John's Wort
Penurunan konsentrasi lenacapavir
Kontraindikasi administrasi bebarengan
Disclaimer
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