Melphalan (Systemic)
Jeneng merek: Evomela
Kelas obat:
Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Melphalan (Systemic)
Multiple Myeloma
Digunakake piyambak lan minangka komponèn saka macem-macem regimen chemotherapeutic ing perawatan saka macem-macem myeloma. Ditunjuk minangka obat yatim piatu dening FDA kanggo digunakake ing macem-macem myeloma.
Maneka warna preparat lan formulasi kasedhiya kanggo komersial; indikasi lan Rekomendasi dosis beda-beda antarane ancang-ancang beda.
Tablet Melphalan lan melphalan hydrochloride kanggo injeksi dituduhake kanggo perawatan paliatif saka macem-macem myeloma.
Melphalan hydrochloride for injection (Evomela) minangka formulasi parenteral bebas propilen glikol sing digunakake minangka perawatan kahanan dosis dhuwur sadurunge transplantasi sel progenitor (stem) hematopoietik (HSCT) ing pasien karo multiple myeloma lan uga minangka perawatan paliatif saka pasien karo macem-macem myeloma sing terapi lisan ora cocok.
Kemoterapi dosis dhuwur plus transplantasi sel induk autologlous (ASCT) saiki dadi perawatan sing luwih disenengi kanggo macem-macem myeloma ing pasien <65 taun. Kanggo pasien sing luwih tuwa lan pasien sing nandhang penyakit bebarengan sing signifikan sacara klinis sing ora layak kanggo transplantasi, perawatan kombinasi karo obat-obatan sing luwih anyar sing nuduhake tingkat kaslametan sing luwih dhuwur digunakake.
Pedoman gabungan sing diterbitake dening American Society of Clinical Oncology ( ASCO) lan Cancer Care Ontario nyaranake melphalan dosis dhuwur minangka regimen kahanan kanggo ASCT ing pasien sing layak transplantasi. Kanggo sing ora layak kanggo transplantasi, melphalan bisa uga kalebu minangka bagéan saka regimen kombinasi awal karo daratumumab, Bortezomib, lan prednisone.
Kanker Ovarium
Pengobatan paliatif kanker ovarium epitel sing ora bisa diobati.
Wis diterbitake intraperitoneally† [off-label] kanggo perawatan kanker ovarium lanjut sing diwatesi ing rongga peritoneal lan/ utawa digandhengake karo asites ganas.
Kemoterapi berbasis platinum saiki dianggep minangka standar perawatan kemoterapi kanggo perawatan kanker ovarium.
Melanoma
Wis digunakake piyambak lan ing regimen kombinasi kanggo perfusi ekstremitas terisolasi† [off-label] utawa infus ekstremitas terisolasi † [off-label] ing pasien karo melanoma ambalan regional ora cocok kanggo lokal utawa terapi topikal.
Amyloidosis
Wis digunakake karo prednison ing perawatan amiloidosis rantai cahya sistemik† [off-label].
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Carane nggunakake Melphalan (Systemic)
Umum
Skrining Pretreatment
Ngawasi Pasien
Premedikasi lan Profilaksis
Panyegahan Dispensing lan Administrasi
Pertimbangan Umum Liyane
Administrasi
Kanggo oral utawa infus IV. Wis diwenehake kanthi infus utawa perfusi terisolasi regional† [off-label] (contone, kanggo melanoma†) lan intraperitoneally† (contone, kanggo kanker ovarium lanjut).
Administrasi Oral
Administrasi terus-terusan (minangka dosis saben dina siji) utawa intermiten (liwat macem-macem regimen dosis).
Iv Administration
Administrasi IV mung dening individu sing pengalaman ing administrasi tamba.
Persediaan parenteral kasedhiya kanthi komersial minangka bubuk lyophilized sing kudu dikonstitusi lan diencerake sadurunge administrasi IV.
Konsultasi protokol sing diterbitake kanggo informasi spesifik babagan regimen dosis parenteral nggunakake melphalan IV kanggo penyakit tartamtu.
Reconstitution lan DilutionMelphalan hydrochloride kanggo injeksi: Reconstitute kanthi nambahake 10 mL saka diluent sing diwenehake dening pabrikan menyang vial kanthi label ngemot 50 mg melphalan nggunakake jarum 20-gauge utawa luwih gedhe kanggo nyedhiyakake solusi sing ngemot 5 mg / mL. Dilute dosis reconstituted luwih karo injeksi natrium klorida 0,9% nganti konsentrasi final ora ngluwihi 0,45 mg/mL. % injeksi natrium klorida kanggo nyedhiyakake solusi sing ngemot 50 mg / 10 mL (5 mg / mL). Encerake dosis sing dibutuhake kanthi volume injeksi natrium klorida 0,9% nganti konsentrasi pungkasan 0,45 mg/mL.
Tingkat AdministrasiAtur melphalan hydrochloride kanthi infus IV sajrone 15-20 menit. Administrasi lengkap sajrone 60 menit sawise rekonstitusi.
Infuse melphalan hydrochloride (Evomela) luwih saka 30 menit liwat port injeksi utawa kateter vena sentral sing mlaku kanthi cepet.
Dosis
Dosis melphalan hidroklorida ditulis ing istilah melphalan.
Dewasa
Multiple Myeloma OralRejimen dosis awal lan pangopènan biasa: 6 mg saben dina kanggo 2-3 minggu. Nolak terapi nganti jumlah leukosit lan trombosit mundhak (yaiku, nganti 4 minggu) lan banjur miwiti terapi pangopènan 2 mg saben dina. Setel dosis, kaya sing dibutuhake, kanggo njaga tingkat depresi sumsum balung.
Utawa, 10 mg saben dina suwene 7-10 dina. Nolak terapi nganti jumlah trombosit lan leukosit ngluwihi 100.000 / mm3 lan 4000 / mm3, banjur miwiti terapi pangopènan 2 mg saben dina. Setel dosis, kaya sing dibutuhake, dadi antarane 1-3 mg saben dina, gumantung saka respon hematologis.
Utawa, 0,15 mg/kg saben dina suwene 7 dina diterusake wektu istirahat paling sethithik 14 dina (utawa suwene). minangka 5 nganti 6 minggu). Terapi pangopènan diwiwiti nalika jumlah sel getih putih lan trombosit mundhak, kanthi dosis pangopènan 0,05 mg/kg/dina utawa kurang, diatur miturut cacah getih.
Utawa, 0,25 mg/kg saben dina kanggo 4 dina utawa 0,2 mg / kg saben dina kanggo 5 dina, kanthi prednison; Diwenehi ing interval 4-6 minggu, yen jumlah granulosit lan trombosit normal.
IVDosis biasa: 16 mg/m2 kanthi interval 2 minggu kanggo 4 dosis. Sawise pulih saka keracunan, miwiti terapi pangopènan 16 mg / m2 kanthi interval 4 minggu.
Melphalan hydrochloride (Evomela) minangka perawatan kahanan dosis dhuwur sadurunge ASCT (Dina 0): 100 mg / m2 saben dina kanggo 2 dina berturut-turut (Dina -3 lan Dina -2). Kanggo pasien sing bobote luwih saka 130% saka bobot awak ideal, etung area permukaan awak (BSA) adhedhasar bobot awak ideal sing disetel.
Kanker Ovarium OralDosis biasa: 0,2 mg/kg saben dina suwene 5 dina berturut-turut. ; Diwenehi kanthi interval 4-5 minggu.
Modifikasi Dosis kanggo KeracunanYen ana efek ala, interupsi sauntara, suda dosis, lan/utawa mandhegake obat kanthi permanen.
Kanggo tablet melphalan oral, mungkasi terapi yen jumlah leukosit mudhun ing ngisor 3000/mm3 utawa jumlah trombosit mudhun ing ngisor 100.000/mm3. Bisa miwiti maneh terapi sawise jumlah sel getih wis pulih. Coba panyesuaian dosis adhedhasar jumlah getih ing nadir lan dina perawatan.
Kanggo IV melphalan hydrochloride, ing sawetara studi klinis sing dikontrol ing pasien karo multiple myeloma, pangurangan dosis 25% ditindakake nalika jumlah platelet. yaiku 75.000–99.999/mm3 utawa cacah leukosit 3000–3999/mm3 lan pangurangan dosis 50% digunakake nalika cacah trombosit 50.000–74.999/mm3 utawa cacah leukosit 2000–2999/mm3; IV melphalan mandheg nalika jumlah trombosit utawa leukosit mudhun ing ngisor 50.000/mm3 utawa 2000/mm3.
Aja maca melphalan oral utawa IV yen ana reaksi hipersensitivitas.
Populasi Khusus
Gangguan Hepatik
Ora ana rekomendasi dosis khusus.
Gangguan Ginjal
LisanIng pasien kanthi gangguan ginjel moderat nganti abot, nimbang ngurangi dosis awal; Nanging, ora ana rekomendasi dosis khusus.
IVIng pasien kanthi gangguan ginjel (BUN ≥30 mg/dL), nyuda dosis nganti 50%.
Yen digunakake minangka perawatan kahanan (Evomela), pangaturan dosis ora perlu.
Pasien Geriatrik
Ora ana rekomendasi dosis khusus. Umumé, miwiti pilihan dosis ing mburi kurang saka sawetara dosis.
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget/PanandhapPènget
Evaluasi lan Pemantauan Pasien Nyukupi
Administrasi ing sangisoré pengawasan dokter sing mumpuni sing berpengalaman ing panggunaan agen kemoterapi kanker. Penindasan sumsum balung sing abot kanthi infèksi utawa getihen bisa kedadeyan. Reaksi hipersensitivitas, kalebu anafilaksis, wis kedadeyan. Melphalan minangka leukemogenik ing manungsa. (Deleng Peringatan Kotak.)
Mutagenisitas lan KarsinogenisitasNgasilake aberasi kromosom in vitro lan in vivo; dianggep potensial mutagenic ing manungsa.
Reaksi Sensitivitas
Reaksi HipersensitivitasReaksi hipersensitivitas akut, kalebu anafilaksis, wis dilaporake kanthi administrasi melphalan IV. Gejala bisa kalebu urtikaria, pruritus, edema, lan ruam kulit. Tachycardia, bronkospasme, dyspnea, lan hipotensi uga diamati. Yen ana reaksi hipersensitivitas sing serius, mandhegake perawatan.
Pènget lan Pancegahan Liyane
ThrombocytopeniaThrombocytopenia, sing bisa nyebabake pendarahan, biasane kedadeyan. Jumlah trombosit sing kerep penting kanggo nemtokake dosis lan nyegah keracunan.
Pantau jumlah trombosit ing awal, sajrone perawatan, lan kaya sing dituduhake sacara klinis. Coba pangaturan dosis adhedhasar jumlah trombosit ing nadir lan dina perawatan, uga adhedhasar pratandha lan gejala pendarahan. Terapi bisa ditahan nganti jumlah trombosit pulih.
Neutropenia/LeukopeniaNeutropenia/leukopenia, sing bisa nyebabake infeksi, umume kedadeyan. Pemantauan WBC sing asring penting kanggo nemtokake dosis lan nyegah keracunan.
Pantau jumlah WBC ing awal, sajrone perawatan, lan kaya sing dituduhake sacara klinis. Coba pangaturan dosis adhedhasar jumlah WBC ing nadir lan dina perawatan. Terapi bisa ditahan nganti pulih saka jumlah WBC.
AnemiaAnemia umume dumadi. Pemantauan RBC sing kerep penting kanggo nemtokake dosis lan nyegah keracunan.
Pantau jumlah RBC ing awal, sajrone perawatan, lan kaya sing dituduhake sacara klinis. Coba pangaturan dosis adhedhasar jumlah RBC. Terapi bisa ditahan nganti pulih saka jumlah RBC.
InfèksiNgawasi pasien kanthi teliti kanggo tandha-tandha lan gejala infeksi lan nimbang antimikroba minangka klinis cocok.
Keganasan SekunderKeganasan sekunder (contone, sindrom myelodysplastic, leukemia akut) bisa kedadeyan. Ngawasi pasien jangka panjang kanggo pangembangan potensial ganas sekunder.
Keracunan GIMul, muntah, mucositis, lan diare bisa kedadeyan. Nyedhiyakake antiemetik profilaksis lan menehi perawatan sing ndhukung yen perlu.
HepatotoksisitasTes fungsi ati sing ora normal uga kedadeyan hepatitis, jaundice, lan penyakit veno-occlusive hepatik sing dilaporake. Ngawasi kimia ati sing cocog.
Morbiditas lan Mortalitas Janin/NeonatalBisa nyebabake cilaka janin. Aja meteng sajrone terapi. Anjurake wanita sing duwe potensi reproduksi lan lanang karo mitra wanita sing potensial reproduksi kanggo nggunakake metode kontrasepsi sing efektif sajrone lan kanggo sawetara wektu sawise perawatan melphalan.
Populasi Tertentu
KandhutanBisa nyebabake cilaka janin.
LaktasiOra dingerteni manawa melphalan disebarake menyang susu manungsa; nyusoni ora dianjurake.
Wanita lan Lanang saka Potensi ReproduksiVerifikasi status meteng sadurunge miwiti terapi ing wanita potensial reproduksi. Rekomendasi wanita lan lanang sing duwe pasangan wanita sing duwe potensi reproduksi kanggo nggunakake kontrasepsi sing efektif sajrone lan sajrone perawatan.
Panggunaan PediatrikKaamanan lan khasiat durung ditetepake.
Panggunaan GeriatrikKanggo melphalan oral, jumlah pasien sing umure ≥65 taun ora cukup. Kanggo IV melphalan (Evomela), ora ana bedane safety utawa efektifitas sing diamati relatif marang wong diwasa sing luwih enom.
Gangguan HepatikOra ana rekomendasi dosis khusus kanggo pasien sing duwe gangguan hepatik.
Gagal GinjalKanggo melphalan oral, ora ana rekomendasi dosis khusus kanggo pasien sing duwe gangguan ginjel. Coba nyuda dosis ing pasien kanthi insufisiensi ginjel sing nampa IV melphalan kanggo perawatan paliatif.
Efek Samsaya Awon
Efek salabetipun ing pasien sing nampa melphalan oral kalebu supresi sumsum balung, mual, muntah, diare, ulcerasi oral, kelainan hepatik, fibrosis paru, pneumonitis interstitial, ruam, vaskulitis, alopecia , anemia hemolitik, reaksi alergi.
Efek salabetipun (≥50%) ing pasien sing nampa IV melphalan (Evomela) kalebu neutrofil sing mudhun, jumlah WBC sing mudhun, jumlah limfosit sing mudhun, jumlah trombosit mudhun, diare, mual, lemes. , hipokalemia, anemia, muntah.
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Melphalan (Systemic)
Obat Spesifik
Obat
Interaksi
Komentar
Kamungkinan nyuda ambang kanggo keracunan paru-paru sing disebabake carmustine karo IV melphalan
Cisplatin
Mungkin ngurangi reresik saka melphalan sekunder kanggo cisplatin-induced ginjel gangguan
Cyclosporine
Mungkin tambah risiko nefrotoksisitas sing disebabake siklosporin
Monitor fungsi ginjal
Disclaimer
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