Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-epoetin Beta (Systemic)
Jeneng merek: Mircera
Kelas obat:
Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-epoetin Beta (Systemic)
Anemia saka penyakit ginjel Nemen (CKD)
Pengobatan anemia ing wong diwasa karo CKD ing dialisis utawa ora ing dialisis, lan ing patients pediatric 5-17 taun karo CKD ing hemodialisis sing nindakake saka agen erythropoiesis-stimulating (ESA) liyane sawise tingkat hemoglobin wis stabil karo ESA.
Pedoman umume ndhukung pertimbangan ESA kanggo pasien anemia CKD nanging ora nemtokake ESA sing disenengi.
Ora ditampilake kanggo ningkatake kualitas urip, gejala, utawa fungsi fisik.
Ora dianjurake kanggo perawatan anemia amarga kemoterapi kanker utawa minangka pengganti transfusi RBC ing pasien sing mbutuhake langsung. koreksi anemia.
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Carane nggunakake Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-epoetin Beta (Systemic)
Umum
Skrining Pretreatment
Pasien Ngawasi
Pertimbangan Umum Liyane
Administrasi
IV utawa Sub-Q Administration
Administrasi kanthi injeksi IV utawa sub-Q ing wong diwasa, lan kanthi injeksi IV mung ing pasien pediatrik. Kanggo injeksi sub-Q, suntik ing weteng, lengen, utawa pupu.
Kasedhiya minangka jarum suntik sing wis diisi dosis siji kanthi macem-macem kekuatan kanggo administrasi IV utawa sub-Q.
Ora ana pengawet; mbuwang bagean sing ora digunakake. Aja nyampur karo solusi parenteral. Priksa visual kanggo partikel lan / utawa owah-owahan warna sadurunge administrasi; ora digunakake yen salah siji diamati. Aja goyang kuat utawa cahya sing suwe saka jarum suntik sing wis diisi sadurunge nganti cahya.
Dosis
Dosis individu lan gunakake dosis paling murah kanggo nyuda kabutuhan transfusi RBC. Nargetake tingkat hemoglobin> 11 g / dL wis ditampilake nambah risiko pati, reaksi kardiovaskular sing serius, lan stroke. Ora ana tingkat hemoglobin target, dosis erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA), utawa strategi dosis sing diidentifikasi sing nyuda risiko kasebut. Timbang keuntungan sing bisa ditindakake kanggo nyuda transfusi kanggo nambah risiko pati lan efek samping kardiovaskular liyane sing serius.
Nalika nyetel terapi, pertimbangake tingkat kenaikan utawa nyuda konsentrasi hemoglobin, responsif marang ESA, lan variabilitas konsentrasi hemoglobin. Ekskursi hemoglobin siji bisa uga ora mbutuhake owah-owahan dosis.
Aja nyetel dosis sing kerep. Aja nambah dosis luwih kerep tinimbang sapisan saben 4 minggu; nyuda dosis bisa kedadeyan luwih kerep. Yen konsentrasi hemoglobin mundhak kanthi cepet (umpamane,> 1 g / dL sajrone periode 2 minggu), nyuda dosis nganti ≥25% yen perlu kanggo nyuda respon sing cepet. Yen konsentrasi hemoglobin ora mundhak> 1 g / dL sawise 4 minggu terapi, tambah dosis 25%. Yen respon sing nyukupi ora dipikolehi sajrone 12 minggu dosis escalating, evaluasi pasien kanggo panyebab anemia liyane; Tambah dosis luwih ora bisa nambah respon pasien lan bisa nambah risiko terapi. Gunakake dosis paling murah sing bakal njaga konsentrasi hemoglobin sing cukup kanggo nyuda kabutuhan transfusi RBC. Yen respon ora nambah, mungkasi obat kasebut.
Pasien Pediatrik
Anemia CKD: Pasien Pediatrik ≥5 Taun Nampa Dialisis lan Ngonversi saka Epoetin Alfa utawa Darbepoetin Alfa IVAdministrasi sapisan saben 4 minggu ing pasien pediatrik 5-17 taun umur sing tingkat hemoglobin wis stabil kanthi perawatan ESA. Dosis methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta adhedhasar total dosis ESA saben minggu nalika konversi (Deleng Tabel 1).
Tabel 1. Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-epoetin Beta Starting Dosages kanggo Pasien Anak sing Saiki Nampa ESA1Epoetin alfa
DarBPOetin alfa
4 x dosis epoetin alfa mingguan sadurunge (unit)/125
4 x dosis darbepoetin alfa mingguan sadurunge (mcg)/0,55
Conto: 4 x 1500 unit epoetin alfa saben minggu/125 = 48 mcg methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta sapisan saben 4 minggu
Conto: 4 x 20 mcg darbepoetin alfa saben minggu/0,55 = 145,5 mcg methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta sapisan saben 4 minggu
Dewasa
Anemia Penyakit Ginjal Kronis (CKD) : Pasien ESA-naif Nampa Dialisis IV utawa Sub-QMiwiti perawatan nalika hemoglobin <10 g/dL. Dosis awal sing disaranake kanggo pasien sing saiki ora diobati karo ESA yaiku 0,6 mcg / kg bobot awak sing diwenehake minangka sub-Q utawa injeksi IV sapisan saben 2 minggu. Ing pasien hemodialisis, rute IV luwih disenengi amarga bisa uga kurang imunogenik. Ngurangi utawa nyetop dosis yen tingkat hemoglobin nyedhaki utawa ngluwihi 11 g/dL. Sawise hemoglobin stabil, bisa diwènèhaké sapisan saben wulan ing dosis sing kaping pindho saka dosis saben-2 minggu lan salajengipun titrate yen perlu.
Anemia CKD: ESA-naif Patients Ora Nampa Dialisis IV utawa Sub-QPertimbangake miwiti perawatan nalika hemoglobin <10 g/dL lan kahanan ing ngisor iki ditrapake: tingkat penurunan hemoglobin nuduhake kemungkinan mbutuhake transfusi RBC, lan tujuan terapi yaiku nyuda risiko alloimunisasi lan/utawa risiko sing gegandhengan karo transfusi RBC. Dosis awal sing disaranake kanggo pasien sing saiki ora diobati karo ESA yaiku 1.2 mcg / kg bobot awak sing diwenehake sapisan saben wulan minangka injeksi sub-Q tunggal. Utawa, dosis wiwitan 0,6 mcg / kg bobot awak minangka injeksi IV utawa sub-Q siji saben 2 minggu bisa ditindakake. Ngurangi utawa ngganggu dosis yen tingkat hemoglobin> 10 g / dL; Gunakake dosis paling murah sing cukup kanggo nyuda kabutuhan transfusi RBC. Sawise hemoglobin stabil, bisa diwènèhaké sapisan saben wulan kanthi dosis kaping pindho saka dosis saben 2 minggu lan banjur titrasi yen perlu.
Pasien Ngonversi saka Epoetin Alfa utawa Darbepoetin Alfa IV utawa Sub-QAdministrasi minangka injeksi sub-Q utawa IV siji saben 2 minggu utawa sapisan saben wulan ing pasien sing hemoglobin wis stabil kanthi perawatan karo ESA. Taksiran dosis awal methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta adhedhasar total dosis ESA mingguan nalika konversi (Waca Tabel 2). ESA1
Dosis Epoetin Alfa Mingguan Sadurunge (unit/minggu)
Dosis Darbepoetin Alfa Mingguan Sadurunge (mcg/minggu)
Sapisan Saben Wulan (mcg/wulan) Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-epoetin Beta Dose
Sakali Saben 2 Minggu (mcg/saben 2 minggu) Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-epoetin Beta Dosis
<8000
<40
120
60
8000-16000
40-80
200
100
p>>16000
>80
360
180
Populasi Khusus
Gangguan Hepatik
Ora ana rekomendasi dosis khusus ing wektu iki.
Gagal ginjal
Ora ana rekomendasi dosis khusus saiki.
Panganggone Geriatrik
Ora ana rekomendasi dosis khusus ing wektu iki. Pilih dosis kanthi ati-ati (biasane diwiwiti ing pungkasan kisaran dosis).
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget/PanandhapPènget
Tambah Mortalitas, MI, Stroke, lan Thromboembolism
Tambah risiko pati lan acara kardiovaskular serius ing pasien CKD sing nampa ESA sing ditargetake konsentrasi hemoglobin>11 g/dL. (Deleng Warning Boxed.) Ing studi klinis sing dikontrol mbandhingake target hemoglobin sing luwih dhuwur (13-14 g/dL) karo target hemoglobin sing luwih murah (9-11.3 g/dL), risiko kematian meningkat, MI, stroke, CHF, trombosis akses pembuluh darah hemodialisis, lan acara thromboembolic liyane diamati ing klompok hemoglobin target sing luwih dhuwur. Pasien karo CKD lan respon hemoglobin sing ora cukup kanggo terapi ESA bisa uga duwe risiko luwih gedhe kanggo kedadeyan kardiovaskular lan kematian. Tambah ing hemoglobin>1 g/dL sajrone periode 2 minggu uga bisa nyebabake risiko kasebut.
Gunakake dosis beta methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta sing paling murah kanggo nyuda kabutuhan transfusi RBC.
Peningkatan insiden thromboembolic, sawetara sing serius lan ngancam nyawa, ing pasien kanker sing nampa ESA.
Peningkatan risiko pati diamati ing uji klinis kontrol ESA ing pasien sing nglakoni operasi CABG. Tambah risiko DVT ing pasien sing nglakoni prosedur ortopedi uga diamati.
Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta ora disetujoni kanggo ngurangi transfusi RBC ing pasien sing dijadwalake kanggo prosedur bedah.
Peningkatan Mortalitas lan/utawa Tumor ProgresiOra dituduhake utawa dianjurake kanggo perawatan anemia amarga kemoterapi kanker. (Deleng Warning Boxed.)
Peningkatan mortalitas diamati ing pasien kanker paru-paru non-sel cilik sing nampa methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta dibandhingake karo ESA liyane.
Saperangan studi ing pasien karo macem-macem kanker ditemokake nyuda kontrol lokoregional, kaslametan tanpa kemajuan, lan/utawa kaslametan sakabèhé kanthi nggunakake ESA (epoetin alfa/beta utawa darbepoetin alfa).
Pènget lan Pancegahan Liyane
HipertensiKontraindikasi kanggo pasien hipertensi sing ora bisa dikontrol.
Risiko hipertensi sing luwih elek ing pasien sing dialisis lan pasien sing ora dialisis. Encephalopathy hipertensi lan/utawa kejang sing diamati ing pasien CKD sing diobati karo methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta.
Ngontrol hipertensi kanthi tepat sadurunge wiwitan lan sajrone perawatan. Ngurangi utawa nyegah terapi yen BP dadi angel dikontrol. Anjurake pasien supaya tetep netepi terapi antihipertensi lan larangan diet.
KejangKejang dilaporake. Ngawasi kanthi rapet kanggo gejala neurologis premonitor sajrone sawetara wulan terapi. Anjurake pasien supaya hubungi dokter yen ana kejang sing anyar, gejala premonitor, utawa owah-owahan frekuensi kejang.
Kurang utawa Kehilangan Respons HemoglobinEvaluasi pasien sing gagal nanggapi utawa ngalami mundhut respon hemoglobin kanggo potensial penyebab. faktor (contone, kekurangan zat besi, infeksi, inflamasi, pendarahan).
Yen ora ana etiologi liyane, evaluasi bukti PRCA. Yen PRCA ora kalebu, atur dosis kaya sing disaranake kanggo manajemen pasien sing ora nanggepi obat kasebut.
Aplasia Sel Abang MurniAplasia sel abang murni lan anemia abot, kanthi utawa tanpa sitopenia liyane sing muncul sawise perkembangan antibodi neutralizing kanggo erythropoietin, kacarita ing setelan postmarketing. Kasus sing umume dilapurake ing pasien CKD sing nampa ESA kanthi administrasi sub-Q. Aplasia sel abang murni ora diamati ing studi klinis methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta.
Nahan terapi lan evaluasi pasien kanggo netralisasi antibodi kanggo erythropoietin yen anemia abot lan jumlah retikulosit sing kurang. Entuk conto serum ≥1 sasi sawise administrasi pungkasan kanggo nyegah gangguan obat karo assay. Hubungi pabrikan ing 1-800-576-8295 kanggo nindakake tes kanggo ngiket lan netralake antibodi. Nyetop kanthi permanen ing pasien sing ngembangake PRCA sawise perawatan karo methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta utawa obat protein erythropoietin liyane; aja ngalih pasien menyang ESA liyane amarga antibodi bisa dadi reaksi silang.
Reaksi Alergi SeriusReaksi alergi sing serius, kalebu reaksi anafilaksis, angioedema, bronkospasme, tachycardia, pruritus, ruam kulit, lan urtikaria sing dilaporake. Langsung mandheg lan ngatur terapi sing cocog yen ana reaksi alergi utawa anafilaksis sing serius; aja miwiti maneh obat.
Reaksi Kulit ParahReaksi blistering lan eksfoliasi kulit kalebu eritema multiforme, Sindrom Stevens-Johnson, lan necrolysis epidermal beracun, dilapurake karo ESA (kalebu methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta) ing setelan postmarketing. Langsung mandheg yen dicurigai reaksi kulit sing abot.
Manajemen DialisisPanyesuaian kanggo resep dialisis bisa uga dibutuhake sawise miwiti terapi. Tambah antikoagulasi karo heparin bisa uga dibutuhake kanggo nyegah pembekuan sirkuit ekstrakorporeal sajrone hemodialisis.
ImunogenisitasPotensi imunogenisitas.
Anemia abot utawa PRCA bisa uga amarga netralake antibodi menyang methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta sing reaksi silang karo erythropoietin endogen lan ESA liyane.
Dibandhingake karo administrasi sub-Q, administrasi IV bisa nyuda risiko pangembangan antibodi. Perkembangan antibodi ora dideteksi ing pasien sing nampa methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta ing studi klinis.
Populasi Tertentu
KandhutanData sing kasedhiya ora cukup kanggo ngenali risiko sing gegandhengan karo obat saka cacat lair utama, keguguran, utawa asil sing ora becik kanggo ibu utawa janin. Penyakit ginjel kronis digandhengake karo risiko ibu lan embrio-janin (umpamane, hipertensi, pre-eklampsia, keguguran, lair prematur, bobot kurang lair, polyhydramnios, watesan pertumbuhan intrauterine).
Ing studi kewan, efek embriofetal ala diamati ing dosis 17 kaping luwih saka dosis manungsa dianjurake.
LaktasiOra dingerteni yen disebarake menyang susu manungsa; dideteksi ing susu ibu ing tikus. Erythropoietin endogen ana ing susu manungsa. Efek ing bayi sing disusui utawa ing produksi susu sing ora dingerteni.
Pertimbangake keuntungan pangembangan lan kesehatan saka nyusoni bebarengan karo kabutuhan klinis ibu kanggo obat kasebut lan efek samping sing potensial kanggo bayi sing disusui saka obat utawa kondisi ibu sing ndasari.
Panggunaan PediatrikEfikasi lan safety ditetepake kanggo perawatan anemia amarga CKD ing pasien pediatrik 5-17 taun ing hemodialisis sing ngowahi saka ESA liyane sawise tingkat hemoglobine stabil kanthi perawatan ESA .
Efikasi lan safety ora ditetepake kanggo perawatan anemia amarga CKD ing pasien pediatrik <5 taun; kanggo administrasi sub-Q ing pasien pediatrik ing umur apa wae; kanggo perawatan anemia ing pasien pediatrik karo CKD ing dialisis peritoneal; kanggo perawatan anemia ing pasien pediatrik karo CKD sing durung dialisis; lan kanggo pasien pediatrik sing tingkat hemoglobin sadurunge durung stabil kanthi perawatan karo ESA.
Panggunaan GeriatrikPanaliten klinis ora kalebu jumlah pasien sing cukup umur ≥65 taun kanggo nemtokake manawa dheweke nanggapi beda karo pasien sing luwih enom. . Ora ana bedane respon dibandhingake karo pasien sing luwih enom sing diidentifikasi ing pengalaman klinis liyane sing dilapurake.
Gangguan HepatikFarmacokinetik ora diowahi ing gangguan hepatik sing abot (kelas Child-Pugh). Ora ana data farmakokinetik sing kasedhiya kanggo pasien sing duwe gangguan hepatik entheng utawa moderat.
Gagal GinjalDituduhake kanggo digunakake ing pasien anemia CKD, kalebu pasien sing mbutuhake hemodialisis. Farmakokinetik ora diowahi kanthi nggunakake dialisis.
Efek Saru sing Umum
Reaksi saru sing paling umum (≥10%): hipertensi, diare, nasofaringitis.
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-epoetin Beta (Systemic)
Ora ana studi interaksi obat resmi.
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