Omadacycline (Systemic)
Jeneng merek: Nuzyra
Kelas obat:
Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Omadacycline (Systemic)
Pneumonia sing dipikolehi masyarakat
Pengobatan pneumonia bakteri sing dipikolehi komunitas (CABP) sing disebabake dening Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus (galur rentan methicillin), Haemophilus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionhila pneumonia , Mycoplasma pneumoniae, lan Chlamydophila pneumoniae (biyen Chlamydia pneumoniae).
Infeksi Kulit lan Struktur Kulit
Pengobatan infeksi kulit lan struktur kulit bakteri akut (ABSSSI) sing disebabake dening S. aureus (kalebu S. aureus sing tahan methicillin [MRSA; uga dikenal minangka tahan oxacillin S. aureus UTAwa ORSA] lan S. aureus sing rentan methicillin), S. lugdunensis, S. pyogenes, grup S. anginosus (S. anginosus, S. intermedius, S. constellatus), Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae, lan K. pneumoniae.
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Carane nggunakake Omadacycline (Systemic)
Administrasi
Administrasi oral utawa infus IV.
Oral Administration
Administrasi oral karo banyu ing kondisi pasa.
Cepat ≥4 jam sadurunge njupuk tablet omadacycline lan aja mangan utawa ngombe (kajaba banyu) sajrone 2 jam sawise njupuk obat kasebut.
Aja ngonsumsi produk susu, antasida. , preparat sing ngemot wesi, utawa multivitamin sajrone 4 jam sawise njupuk tablet omadacycline.
Administrasi IV
Kudu direkonstitusi lan diencerake maneh sadurunge infus IV.
Infuse liwat jalur IV khusus utawa situs Y. Aja infus solusi omadacycline bebarengan liwat jalur IV sing padha karo solusi sing ngemot kation multivalen (contone, kalsium, magnesium).
Infus nganggo jalur IV sing padha karo obat liyane sing ora diteliti.
Yen baris IV padha digunakake kanggo infus sekuensial sawetara obatan beda, flush baris IV karo injeksi natrium klorida 0,9% utawa injeksi Dextrose 5% sadurunge lan sawise infus omadacycline. ngemot 100 mg omadacycline kanthi nambahake 5 ml banyu steril kanggo injeksi, injeksi natrium klorida 0,9%, utawa injeksi dextrose 5% ing saben vial. Alon-alon swirl vial lan supaya ngadeg nganti kue rampung larut lan umpluk nyebar; ora goyang. Yen perlu, walik vial kanggo mbubarake bubuk sing isih ana; supaya ora umpluk, swirl vial alon-alon.
Solusi sing dikonstitusi kudu kuning nganti oranye peteng; Buang yen warnane ora bener.
CairanKanggo nyiapake dosis 100- utawa 200-mg, langsung (sajrone 1 jam rekonstitusi) mbatalake 5 utawa 10 mL, masing-masing, saka solusi sing dikonstitusi lan ditambahake menyang 100 ml injeksi natrium klorida 0,9% utawa injeksi dextrose 5%. Konsentrasi pungkasan larutan sing diencerke yaiku 1 utawa 2 mg/mL kanggo dosis 100 utawa 200 mg.
Buang bagian sing ora digunakake saka solusi sing diencerake.
Yen solusi sing diencerake disimpen. ing kulkas, ngidini kanggo tekan suhu kamar sadurunge administrasi.
Tingkat AdministrasiAdministrasi 100- utawa 200-mg dosis dening infus IV liwat 30 utawa 60 menit, mungguh.
Dosis
Kasedhiya minangka omadacycline tosylate; dosis ditulis ing syarat-syarat omadacycline.
Dewasa
Community-acquired Pneumonia OralDosis loading awal 300 mg kaping pindho saben dina ing dina 1, ngiring dening dosis pangopènan 300 mg lisan sapisan dina.
Durasi total perawatan yaiku 7 nganti 14 dina.
IVDosis wiwitan 200 mg ing dina 1 (dosis tunggal 200 mg diwenehi IV liwat 60 menit utawa rong dosis 100 mg. diwenehi IV luwih saka 30 menit kanthi interval 12 jam) disusul dosis pangopènan 100 mg sapisan saben dina diwenehi IV liwat 30 menit.
Daya total perawatan yaiku 7-14 dina.
IV, banjur OralBisa ngalih terapi pangopènan dadi tablet omadacycline sing diwènèhaké kanthi dosis 300 mg oral sapisan dina.
Duwe total perawatan (IV lan oral) yaiku 7-14 dina.
Kulit lan Kulit Akut Infeksi Struktur Oral450 mg sapisan dina ing dina 1 lan 2 banjur 300 mg sapisan dina.
Durasi total perawatan yaiku 7-14 dina.
IVDosis loading awal saka 200 mg ing dina 1 (dosis 200 mg siji sing diwenehi IV liwat 60 menit utawa loro dosis 100 mg diwenehi IV liwat 30 menit 12 jam) banjur dosis pangopènan 100 mg sapisan dina diwenehi IV liwat 30 menit.
Durasi total perawatan yaiku 7-14 dina.
IV, banjur OralDosis awal 200 mg IV ing dina 1 (dosis tunggal 200 mg diwenehi IV liwat 60 menit utawa rong dosis 100 mg. diwenehi IV luwih saka 30 menit kanthi interval 12 jam) banjur 100 mg sapisan dina diwenehi IV liwat 30 menit.
Bisa ngalih terapi pangopènan menyang tablet omadacycline sing diwenehake kanthi dosis 300 mg kanthi lisan sapisan dina.
Duwe total perawatan (IV lan oral) yaiku 7-14 dina.
Populasi Khusus
Gangguan Hepatik
Panyesuaian dosis ora dibutuhake ing pasien kanthi ati. gangguan (Child-Pugh kelas A, B, utawa C).
Gagal Ginjal
Panyesuaian dosis ora dibutuhake kanggo pasien sing duwe fungsi ginjel cacat, kalebu sing duwe penyakit ginjel tahap pungkasan sing nampa dialisis.
Pasien Geriatrik
Panyesuaian dosis adhedhasar umur sing ora dibutuhake.
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget / PancegahanReaksi Sensitivitas
Reaksi Hipersensitivitas
Reaksi hipersensitivitas dilapurake. Reaksi hipersensitivitas (anafilaksis) sing ngancam nyawa kacarita karo tetrasiklin liyane. Amarga omadacycline struktural padha karo tetracyclines liyane, contraindicated ing patients karo hypersensitivity dikenal kanggo tetracycline sembarang.
Stop omadacycline yen ana reaksi alergi.
Peningkatan Mortalitas
Ketidakseimbangan mortalitas sing diamati ing uji klinis ngevaluasi omadacycline ing pasien karo pneumonia sing diduweni komunitas. Pati dilaporake luwih akeh pasien sing nampa omadacycline (2%) tinimbang sing nampa obat komparator (1%). Panyebab prabédan ing tingkat kematian ora ditetepake. Kabeh pati ing loro klompok perawatan dumadi ing pasien> 65 taun lan umume pasien duwe macem-macem penyakit komorbid. Panyebab pati kalebu komplikasi lan/utawa infèksi sing luwih elek lan kondisi sing ndasari.
Nalika omadacycline digunakake kanggo perawatan radhang paru-paru sing ditularake masyarakat, ngawasi kanthi teliti respon klinis, utamane ing wong sing duwe risiko kematian sing luwih dhuwur.
Perubahan Warna Gigi lan Hipoplasia Enamel
Panganggone tetrasiklin, kalebu omadacycline, sajrone perkembangan untu (yaiku, setengah pungkasan meteng, bayi, bocah nganti umur 8 taun) bisa nyebabake owah-owahan warna untu permanen. (kuning-klabu-coklat). Perubahan warna untu luwih umum nalika nggunakake tetrasiklin ing jangka panjang, nanging uga diamati sawise nggunakake jangka pendek sing bola-bali. Hipoplasia enamel uga dilapurake karo tetrasiklin.
Inhibisi Tuwuh Tulang Balung
Panganggone tetrasiklin, kalebu omadacycline, sajrone trimester kapindho utawa katelu meteng, bayi, utawa bocah nganti umur 8 taun bisa nyebabake inhibisi pertumbuhan balung sing bisa dibalik. Tetrasiklin mbentuk kompleks kalsium sing stabil ing jaringan apa wae sing mbentuk balung. Suda tingkat wutah fibula diamati ing bayi durung wayahe nampa tetracycline lisan; efek iki bisa dibalèkaké nalika tamba iki mandheg.
Efek kelas Tetracycline
Amarga omadacycline struktural padha karo tetracyclines konvensional, efek salabetipun kacarita karo tetracyclines (contone, photosensitivity, pseudotumor cerebri, tumindak anti-anabolik mimpin kanggo nambah BUN, azotemia, acidosis, hyperphosphatemia. , pankreatitis, tes fungsi ati sing ora normal) bisa kedadeyan. Mungkasi omadacycline yen ana efek sing ora dikarepake.
C. Diare lan Kolitis sing ana gandhengane karo difficile
Pengobatan kanthi anti-infèksi ngubah flora usus normal lan bisa ngidinake tuwuhing Clostridioides difficile (sadurungé Clostridium difficile). C. difficile infection (CDI) lan C. difficile-related diare and colitis (CDAD; uga dikenal minangka antibiotik-related diare lan colitis utawa pseudomembranous colitis) sing dilapurake karo meh kabeh anti-infèksi, kalebu omadacycline, lan bisa sawetara saka keruwetan saka entheng. diare kanggo colitis fatal. C. difficile ngasilake racun A lan B sing nyumbang kanggo pangembangan CDAD; galur C. difficile sing ngasilake hipertoksin digandhengake karo tambah morbiditas lan mortalitas amarga bisa uga refrakter kanggo anti-infèksi lan kolektomi bisa uga dibutuhake.
Coba CDAD yen diare berkembang sajrone utawa sawise terapi lan ngatur kanthi bener. Entuk riwayat medis sing ati-ati amarga CDAD bisa kedadeyan nganti ≥2 sasi sawise terapi anti-infektif mandheg.
Yen CDAD dicurigai utawa dikOnfirmasi, mandhegake anti-infèksi sing ora ditujokake marang C. difficile sanalika bisa. Miwiti terapi anti-infektif sing cocog kanggo C. difficile (contone, vancomycin, Fidaxomicin, metronidazole), terapi sing ndhukung (contone, manajemen cairan lan elektrolit, suplemen protein), lan evaluasi bedah kaya sing dituduhake sacara klinis.
Pamilihan lan Panggunaan Anti-infèksi
Kanggo nyuda pangembangan bakteri sing tahan obat lan njaga efektifitas omadacycline lan antibakteri liyane, gunakake mung kanggo perawatan infeksi sing wis kabukten utawa diduga disebabake dening bakteri sing rentan. . Resep omadacycline yen ora ana infèksi bakteri sing wis kabukten utawa dicurigai banget ora bakal menehi keuntungan kanggo pasien lan nambah risiko ngembangake bakteri sing tahan obat.
Nalika milih utawa ngowahi terapi anti-infèksi, gunakake asil kultur lan tes kerentanan in vitro. Yen ora ana data kasebut, nimbang pola epidemiologi lan kerentanan lokal nalika milih anti-infèksi kanggo terapi empiris.
Informasi babagan metode tes lan standar kontrol kualitas kanggo tes kerentanan in vitro saka agen antibakteri lan kriteria interpretasi khusus kanggo tes kasebut sing diakoni dening FDA kasedhiya ing [Web].
Populasi Tertentu
KandhutanProdusen nyaranake supaya wanita sing bisa nglairake anak nggunakake kontrasepsi sing efektif nalika nampa omadacycline.
Omadacycline, kaya tetrasiklin liyane, bisa nyebabake owah-owahan permanen saka deciduous. untu lan inhibisi wutah balung sing bisa dibatalake yen diwenehake nalika trimester kapindho utawa katelu meteng.
Data ora cukup babagan panggunaan omadacycline ing wanita ngandhut kanggo ngandhani risiko sing ana gandhengane karo obat-obatan saka cacat lair utama lan keguguran.
Ing kewan, tetrasiklin ngliwati plasenta, ditemokake ing jaringan janin. , lan bisa uga duwe efek beracun ing janin sing berkembang (contone, retardasi pangembangan balung). Bukti embriotoksik uga ditemokake ing kewan sing nampa tetrasiklin ing awal ngandhut.
Ing tikus lan terwelu, panggunaan omadacycline sajrone organogenesis nyebabake mundhut janin lan/utawa malformasi kongenital. Perubahan warna untu diamati ing tikus.
Anjurake pasien babagan risiko potensial kanggo janin yen omadacycline digunakake nalika trimester kapindho utawa katelu meteng.
LaktasiOra dingerteni manawa omadacycline nyebar menyang susu manungsa, mengaruhi bayi sing disusui, utawa mengaruhi produksi susu.
Tetrasiklin nyebar menyang susu manungsa; Nanging, ambane panyerepan saka tetracyclines, kalebu omadacycline, dening bayi-disusun bayi ora dingerteni. potensial kanggo efek salabetipun serius ing bayi-disusun, nyusoni ora dianjurake sak perawatan omadacycline lan kanggo 4 dina sawise dosis pungkasan saka tamba. bisa mengaruhi kesuburan.
Ing studi kesuburan ing tikus lanang, omadacycline nyebabake ciloko ing testis lan ngurangi jumlah sperma lan motilitas sperma, nanging ora ana pengaruh ing parameter kesuburan. Ing studi keracunan umum ing tikus, inhibisi spermatogenesis dumadi nalika omadacycline diwenehi ≥37 dina ing dosis sing nyebabake eksposur 6-8 kali luwih dhuwur tinimbang eksposur manungsa; efek kasebut ora kedadeyan kanthi dosis sing luwih murah utawa periode perawatan sing luwih cendhek (≤4 minggu).
Ing studi kesuburan ing tikus wadon, ovulasi suda lan mundhut embrio sing tambah akeh sing dilapurake ing eksposur sing padha karo paparan manungsa.
Panganggone PediatrikKeamanan lan khasiat ora ditetepake ing pasien bocah sing umure <18 taun.
Panganggone ing pasien bocah-bocah
Umur 8 taun ora dianjurake amarga efek samping tetrasiklin ing perkembangan untu lan pertumbuhan balung.
Panggunaan GeriatrikIng sawijining studi ing wong diwasa kanthi radhang paru-paru sing diduweni komunitas, tingkat keberhasilan klinis luwih murah ing pasien ≥65 taun tinimbang ing umur <65 taun; kabeh pati ing panliten iki dumadi ing pasien> 65 taun.
Gangguan HepatikFarmakokinetik ing individu sing duwe gangguan hepatik entheng, moderat, utawa abot (kelas Anak-Pugh A, B, utawa C) padha karo wong sing sehat.
Panyesuaian dosis ora dibutuhake ing pasien kanthi gangguan hepatik entheng, moderat, utawa abot.
Gagal GinjalFarmakokinetik ing wong diwasa kanthi penyakit ginjel tahap pungkasan sing nampa hemodialisis padha karo sing diamati ing wong sing sehat. .
Panyesuaian dosis ora dibutuhake kanggo pasien sing duwe gangguan ginjel sing entheng, moderat, utawa abot, kalebu sing duwe penyakit ginjel tahap pungkasan sing nampa hemodialisis.
Efek Samsaya Awon
Reaksi situs infus, tambah AST lan ALT, tambah γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, GGTP), hipertensi, insomnia, efek GI (diare, muntah, konstipasi , mual), sirah.
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Omadacycline (Systemic)
Obat Metabolisme dening Enzim Mikrosomal Hepatik
Ora nyandhet utawa ngindhuksi isoenzim CYP 1A1, 1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, utawa 3A4/5.
Ora samesthine bakal mengaruhi farmakokinetik obat sing dimetabolisme dening isoenzim CYP.
Obat sing dimetabolisme dening Uridine Diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1
Ora nyandhet utawa nyebabake UGT1A1.
Ora samesthine bakal mengaruhi farmakokinetik obat sing dimetabolisme dening UGT1A1.
Obat sing kena pengaruh utawa kena pengaruh Membran Transporter
Substrat P-glikoprotein kanthi afinitas rendah (P- gp) sistem transportasi.
Ora substrat protein tahan kanker payudara (BCRP), transporter anion organik (OAT) 1, OAT3, utawa protein sing ana gandhengane karo resistensi multidrug (MRP) 2. Ing konsentrasi supratherapeutic, dudu substrat anion organik transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 utawa 1B3.
Ora nyandhet P-gp, BCRP, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OAT1, OAT3, utawa MRP2. Ora mungkin nyebabake ekspresi P-gp utawa MRP2.
Obat Spesifik
Obat
Interaksi
Komentar
Antacids (aluminium, kalsium, utawa magnesium)
Penyerapan omadacycline oral sing ora apik
Aja menehi antasida nganti 4 jam sawise tablet omadacycline
Antibakteri (ampicillin, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, daptomycin, Gentamicin, imipenem, linezolid, kombinasi tetep piperacillin lan tazobactam, vancomycin)
Ora ana bukti in vitro saka efek antibakteri antagonis
Antikoagulan
Tetrasiklin nyuda aktivitas protrombin plasma
Turunan dosis antikoagulan bisa uga dibutuhake
Gangguan penyerapan omadacycline oral
Aja menehi bismuth subsalicylate nganti 4 jam sawise tablet omadacycline
Preparasi wesi
Penyerapan omadacycline oral ora bisa ditindakake
Aja menehi preparat wesi nganti 4 jam. sawise tablet omadacycline
Multivitamin
Penyerapan omadacycline oral sing ora apik
Aja menehi multivitamin nganti 4 jam sawise tablet omadacycline
Verapamil
p>Peningkatan AUC omadacycline lan konsentrasi plasma puncak dilapurake nalika verapamil oral (inhibitor P-gp) diwenehi 2 jam sadurunge omadacycline oral
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