Prothrombin Complex Concentrate
Jeneng merek: Kcentra
Kelas obat:
Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Prothrombin Complex Concentrate
Pembalikan Antikoagulasi Warfarin
Digunakake kanggo mbalikke kanthi cepet saka antagonis vitamin K (VKA; contone, warfarin) antikoagulasi ing wong diwasa kanthi pendarahan gedhe akut utawa mbutuhake operasi darurat / prosedur invasif; ditunjuk minangka obat yatim piatu dening FDA kanggo panggunaan iki.
Gunakake bebarengan karo vitamin K (phytonadione) kanggo njaga tingkat faktor koagulasi sing nyukupi yen efek konsentrat kompleks protrombin (manungsa) suda.
Konsentrat kompleks prothrombin (manungsa) minangka PCC 4-faktor sing kanthi cepet mulihake faktor koagulasi sing gumantung karo vitamin K sing dikurangi dening warfarin.
Para ahli umume nganggep PCC 4-faktor luwih disenengi tinimbang plasma beku seger kanggo mbalikake antikoagulasi kanthi cepet ing pasien kanthi pendarahan gedhe sing disebabake dening warfarin. Dibandhingake karo plasma beku seger, PCC 4-faktor digandhengake karo pangurangan INR sing luwih cepet, wektu nyiapake obat sing suda, risiko anafilaksis lan panularan patogen infèksius, lan risiko kakehan volume sing luwih murah.
Sanajan plasma beku seger wis digunakake kanthi tradisional kanggo mbalikake VKA kanthi cepet ing setelan perioperatif lan periprosedural, PCC 4-faktor dianjurake ing pedoman praktik klinis saiki.
Nalika nimbang nggunakake konsentrat kompleks prothrombin (manungsa) kanggo mbalikke antikoagulasi VKA, timbang keuntungan potensial kanggo risiko komplikasi thromboembolic.
Pembalikan Antikoagulan Oral Langsung
Wis digunakake kanggo mbalikke antikoagulan oral langsung (DOACs)† [off-label] ing setelan pendarahan gedhe lan setelan perioperatif/periprosedural.
Agen pembalikan spesifik (contone, idarucizumab, faktor koagulasi Xa [rekombinan] sing ora aktif-zhzo [uga dikenal minangka andexanet alfa]) umume dianjurake nalika pambalikan DOAC dibutuhake; 4-faktor PCC disaranake minangka alternatif nalika agen pembalikan spesifik ora kasedhiya.
Manajemen komplikasi perdarahan ing pasien sing nampa DOAC kudu individual miturut keruwetan lan lokasi pendarahan.
Sebagéan gedhé acara pendarahan sing ana hubungane karo DOAC bisa ditanggulangi kanthi cara sing ndhukung lan nyegah antikoagulan mung. Agen pembalikan umume kudu ditrapake kanggo pasien sing ngalami pendarahan sing abot lan ngancam nyawa.
Para ahli nyatakake yen agen pembalikan mung kudu dianggep ing pasien sing nglakoni prosedur invasif utawa operasi yen prosedur kasebut ora bisa ditindakake kanthi aman nalika pasien wis antikoagulasi lan ora bisa ditundha.
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Carane nggunakake Prothrombin Complex Concentrate
Umum
Administrasi
IV Administrasi
Administrasi kanthi infus IV minangka dosis tunggal. Baleni dosis ora dianjurake amarga ora ana data sing ndhukung.
RekonstitusiSadurunge rekonstitusi, ngidini konsentrasi injeksi lan banyu steril kanggo diluent injeksi dadi anget nganti suhu kamar.
Rekonstitusi Kcentra kanthi 20 mL (kanggo vial sing dilabeli kanthi potensi nominal 500 unit) utawa 40 ml (kanggo vial sing dilabeli kanthi kapasitas nominal 1000 unit) banyu steril kanggo injeksi sing diwenehake dening pabrikan; alon-alon swirl (ora goyangake) nganti isi rampung bubar. Solusi asil bakal ngemot 20-31 unit faktor IX saben mL gumantung saka jumlah nyata faktor IX sing ana ing vial.
Yen luwih saka siji vial dibutuhake kanggo dosis, bisa nglumpukake isi reconstituted saka macem-macem vial; Nanging, gunakake set filter transfer sing kapisah kanggo nggawe maneh saben vial.
Administrasi sajrone 4 jam sawise rekonstitusi. Yen ora digunakake langsung, bisa disimpen ing suhu 2-25 ° C (aja beku); yen didinginkan, anget nganti suhu kamar (20-25 ° C) sadurunge administrasi. Botol Kcentra ora ngemot pengawet lan mung kanggo panggunaan siji; Mbuwang bokor sing wis dienggo sebagian.
Aja nyampur karo obat liya; administrasi liwat baris infus kapisah. Sajrone administrasi, priksa manawa getih ora mlebu jarum suntik kanggo nyegah pembentukan gumpalan fibrin.
Tingkat AdministrasiInfuse kanthi kecepatan 0,12 mL/kg saben menit (maksimal 8,4 mL/menit). Rata-rata durasi infus ing studi klinis utama yaiku 24 ± 32 menit kanggo pendarahan akut akut lan 21 ± 14 menit kanggo operasi darurat / prosedur invasif.
Dosis
Dosis konsentrat kompleks protrombin ( manungsa) (Kcentra) ditulis ing unit internasional (IU, unit) lan adhedhasar unit aktivitas faktor IX. Jumlah nyata faktor IX ing saben vial Kcentra kisaran saka 400–620 unit lan dituduhake ing karton lan label vial.
Temtokake dosis adhedhasar INR pretreatment pasien lan bobot awak (nganti, nanging ora ngluwihi 100 kg).
Dewasa
Pembalikan Urgent Warfarin Anticoagulation IVBaseline INR 2 nganti < 4: 25 unit/kg (nganti 2500 unit) diwenehake minangka dosis siji.
Baseline INR 4–6: 35 unit/kg (nganti 3500 unit) diterbitake minangka dosis siji.
Baseline INR >6: 50 unit/kg (nganti 5000 unit) diterbitake minangka dosis siji.
Dosis tetep sing sithik† [off-label], non-INR basis strategi uga wis digunakake. Dosis tetep sing dilapurake ing literatur saka 1000-2000 unit kanthi dosis ing ujung sing luwih dhuwur kanggo pasien kanthi INR awal utawa bobot awak sing luwih dhuwur. American College of Cardiology nyaranake dosis tetep 1000 unit kanggo pendarahan utama non-intrakranial lan dosis 1500 unit kanggo pendarahan intrakranial; ana sawetara bukti sing nuduhake yen dosis sing luwih dhuwur (contone, 2000 unit) bisa uga dibutuhake ing pasien kanthi pendarahan intrakranial utawa INR awal sing dhuwur.
Pembalikan Antikoagulan Oral Langsung† [off-label] IV50 unit/kg utawa dosis tetep 2000 unit wis digunakake kanggo mbalikke antikoagulasi DOAC ing pasien kanthi pendarahan gedhe utawa ngalami prosedur sing penting.
Batesan Resep
Dewasa
Pembalikan Cepet Warfarin Antikoagulasi IVLaju infus maksimal yaiku 8,4 mL/menit.
Dosis maksimal 2500 unit ing pasien karo baseline INR 2 nganti <4.
Dosis maksimal 3500 unit ing pasien karo baseline INR 4-6.
Dosis maksimal 5000 unit ing pasien karo baseline INR >6.
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget/PanandhapPènget
Komplikasi Tromboemboli
Kedadeyan tromboemboli sing serius, lan kadhangkala fatal, dilapurake ing uji klinis lan sajrone pengawasan pasca pemasaran. Acara kasebut kalebu DVT, PE, MI, DIC, lan stroke. (Deleng Warning Boxed.)
Pasien sing nampa antagonis vitamin K (contone, warfarin) biasane duwe kahanan sing ndasari (contone, fibrilasi atrium) sing predisposisi kanggo thromboembolism; mangkono, kuwalikan saka anticoagulation nyedhiyakake risiko iki. Resiko katon luwih dhuwur ing pasien sing duwe riwayat thromboembolic sadurunge.
Pasien sing duwe riwayat thromboembolic (yaiku, sajrone 3 wulan kepungkur) (yaiku MI, DIC, kecelakaan serebrovaskular). , TIA, angina ora stabil, penyakit pembuluh darah perifer sing abot) ora kalebu saka studi khasiat utama; mulane, konsentrasi kompleks prothrombin (manungsa) bisa uga ora cocog kanggo pasien kasebut.
Ngawasi kanthi rapet kanggo manifestasi tromboembolisme sajrone lan sawise perawatan. (Deleng Saran kanggo Pasien.) Sawise administrasi obat kasebut, nimbang kanthi ati-ati nerusake terapi antikoagulan oral sanalika risiko thromboembolism luwih gedhe tinimbang risiko pendarahan.
Reaksi Sensitivitas
Reaksi HipersensitivitasReaksi hipersensitivitas (contone, flushing, urtikaria, tachycardia, kuatir, angioedema, wheezing, mual, mutahke, hipotensi, takipnea, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, bronchospasm). (Deleng Kontraindikasi ing Caution.)
Yen ana reaksi alergi utawa anafilaksis sing serius, langsung mandheg lan miwiti perawatan sing cocog.
Pènget lan Pancegahan Liyane
Resiko Agen Tular ing Preparat sing asalé saka PlasmaPotensi risiko panularan virus (contone, hepatitis A [HAV], B [HBV] utawa virus C [HCV]; HIV ) lan agen infèksius liyane kayata agen penyebab kanggo varian penyakit Creutzfeldt-Jakob (vCJD) lan, kanthi teoritis, agen penyebab penyakit Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD). ngurangi langkah-langkah (yaiku, pasteurisasi, nanofiltrasi) sajrone proses manufaktur, kemungkinan transmisi penyakit isih ana.
Laporan sing dicurigai ditularake HAV, HBV, HCV, lan HIV kanthi konsentrat kompleks protrombin (manungsa) umume disalahake kanthi administrasi getih utawa komponen getih lan/utawa produk asale saka plasma liyane; pabrikan nyatakake ora ana hubungan sebab-akibat kanggo Kcentra sing wis ditetepake wiwit introduksi langkah filtrasi virus ing taun 1996.
Lapokake infeksi sing diduga ana hubungane karo Kcentra menyang pabrikan ing 866-915-6958 utawa menyang FDA ing 800-FDA-1088 utawa www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Populasi Tertentu
KandhutanOra dingerteni manawa obat kasebut bisa nyebabake cilaka janin nalika diwenehake marang wanita ngandhut utawa mengaruhi kapasitas reproduksi. Gunakake ing wanita ngandhut mung yen cetha perlu.
LaktasiOra dingerteni yen disebarake menyang susu manungsa. Gunakake ing wanita sing nyusoni mung yen dibutuhake kanthi jelas.
Panggunaan PediatrikKeamanan lan khasiat ora ditetepake ing pasien pediatrik.
Panggunaan GeriatrikOra ana bedane sing gegandhengan karo umur klinis sing penting ing safety sing diamati.
Pasien sing duwe kekurangan faktor bawaanOra diteliti ing pasien sing kekurangan faktor bawaan (contone, hemofilia, penyakit von Willebrand).
Efek Sabar sing Umum
Sakit sirah, mual, mutahke, anemia, hipotensi.
Efek saru sing paling umum kalebu kedadeyan thromboembolic (yaiku, stroke, PE, DVT).
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Prothrombin Complex Concentrate
Obat sing Ngaruhi Koagulasi
Aja nggunakake bebarengan karo agen prokoagulan liyane (contone, preparat faktor koagulasi liyane, agen fibrinolitik, protamin, desmopressin) amarga nambah risiko tromboembolisme.
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