Sodium Thiosulfate (Antidote) (Systemic)
Kelas obat: Agen Antineoplastik
Panganggone Sodium Thiosulfate (Antidote) (Systemic)
Keracunan Sianida Akut
Injeksi sodium thiosulfate 250 mg/mL dituduhake kanggo panggunaan sekuensial karo sodium nitrite kanggo perawatan keracunan sianida akut sing dianggep serius utawa ngancam nyawa.
Yen kecurigaan klinis babagan keracunan sianida dhuwur, wenehake natrium tiosulfat lan natrium nitrit tanpa wektu tundha lan bebarengan karo saluran napas, ventilasi, lan dhukungan sirkulasi sing cocog. Sodium nitrite nyebabake hipotensi lan pembentukan methemoglobin, sing nyuda kapasitas mbeta oksigen. Amarga risiko kasebut, sodium thiosulfate lan sodium nitrite kudu digunakake kanthi ati-ati ing pasien sing diagnosis keracunan sianida ora mesthi.
Pengobatan lengkap kanggo mabuk sianida akut mbutuhake dhukungan saka fungsi vital. Administrasi sodium nitrite lan sodium thiosulfate kudu dianggep minangka tambahan kanggo terapi dhukungan sing cocog. Airway, ventilasi lan dhukungan sirkulasi, lan administrasi oksigen ora kudu ditundha kanggo ngatur sodium nitrite lan sodium thiosulfate. Saran pakar pusat kontrol racun regional bisa dipikolehi kanthi nelpon 1-800-222-1222.
Data manungsa sing ndhukung panggunaan sodium thiosulfate lan sodium nitrite kanggo keracunan sianida utamane kalebu laporan kasus sing diterbitake. . Ora ana uji klinis sing dikontrol kanthi acak. Saklawasé kabeh data manungsa sing njlèntrèhaké panggunaan sodium thiosulfate laporan nggunakake magepokan karo sodium nitrite. Rekomendasi dosis kanggo manungsa wis adhedhasar kalkulasi teoretis babagan potensial detoksifikasi antidote, ekstrapolasi saka eksperimen kewan, lan sawetara laporan cilik manungsa.
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Carane nggunakake Sodium Thiosulfate (Antidote) (Systemic)
Umum
Sodium thiosulfate kasedhiya ing wangun dosis lan kekuatan:
Injeksi: 12,5 g/50 mL (250 mg/mL) ing vial dosis siji sing dituduhake kanggo perawatan. saka keracunan sianida; uga kasedhiya ing kit karo injeksi natrium nitrit 300 mg/10 mL (30 mg/mL) ing vial dosis siji kanggo perawatan keracunan sianida.
Dosis
Sampeyan penting panyedhiya label pabrik dikonsultasi kanggo informasi sing luwih rinci babagan dosis lan administrasi obat iki. Ringkesan dosis:
Pasien Anak
Keracunan Sianida AkutSodium nitrite lan sodium thiosulfate kudu diwènèhaké sedini mungkin sawise diagnosa keracunan sianida akut sing ngancam nyawa. ditetepake. Loro-lorone obat kasebut diwenehake kanthi injeksi IV alon. Sodium nitrite kudu diwènèhaké dhisik, banjur langsung nganggo sodium thiosulfate. (Waca Tabel 1 kanggo rekomendasi dosis.) Tekanan getih kudu dipantau sajrone infus. Tingkat infus kudu dikurangi yen ana hipotensi sing signifikan.
Tabel 1: Dosis Sodium Nitrite lan Sodium Thiosulfate kanggo Keracunan Sianida ing Pasien AnakPopulasi
Rejimen Dosis
Bocah
Natrium nitrit: 0,2 mL/kg (6 mg/kg utawa 6-8 mL/m2 BSA) natrium nitrit kanthi laju 2,5 nganti 5 mL /menit ora ngluwihi 10 mL
Sodium thiosulfate (250 mg/mL): 1 mL/kg bobot awak (250 mg/kg utawa kira-kira 30-40 mL/m2 saka BSA) ora ngluwihi dosis total 50 mL sanalika sawise administrasi natrium nitrit
Yen tandha-tandha keracunan katon maneh, baleni perawatan kanthi nggunakake setengah dosis asli saka sodium nitrite lan sodium thiosulfate.
Ing pasien anemia sing dikenal, dianjurake supaya dosis natrium nitrit kudu dikurangi kanthi proporsi karo konsentrasi hemoglobin.
Pasien kudu dipantau paling sethithik 24-48 jam sawise administrasi natrium tiosulfat kanggo kecukupan oksigenasi lan perfusi lan kanggo tandha-tandha lan gejala keracunan sianida sing terus-terusan. Yen bisa, entuk hemoglobin / hematokrit nalika perawatan diwiwiti. Pangukuran saturasi oksigen nggunakake oksimetri pulsa standar lan nilai saturasi oksigen sing diwilang adhedhasar PO2 sing diukur ora bisa dipercaya yen ana methemoglobinemia.
Keslametan administrasi antidot sianida liyane bebarengan karo sodium thiosulfate durung ditetepake. Yen ana keputusan kanggo menehi antidote sianida liyane kanthi sodium thiosulfate, obat kasebut ora kudu diwenehake bebarengan ing baris IV sing padha.
Dewasa
Keracunan Sianida AkutSodium nitrite lan sodium thiosulfate. kudu diwènèhaké sakcepete sawise diagnosis keracunan sianida sing ngancam nyawa wis ditetepake. Loro-lorone obat kasebut diwenehake kanthi injeksi IV alon. Sodium nitrite kudu diwènèhaké dhisik, banjur langsung nganggo sodium thiosulfate. (Waca Tabel 3 kanggo rekomendasi dosis.) Tekanan getih kudu dipantau sajrone infus. Tingkat infus kudu dikurangi yen ana hipotensi sing signifikan.
Tabel 3: Dosis Sodium Nitrite lan Sodium Thiosulfate kanggo Keracunan Sianida ing Wong DewasaPopulasi
Dewasa
Natrium nitrit: 10 mL natrium nitrit kanthi laju 2,5 nganti 5 mL/menit
Natrium tiosulfat (250 mg/mL): 50 mL sodium thiosulfate sanalika sawise administrasi sodium nitrite
Yen tandha-tandha keracunan katon maneh, baleni perawatan nggunakake setengah dosis asli saka sodium nitrite lan sodium thiosulfate.
Ing pasien karo anemia sing dikenal, dianjurake yen dosis natrium nitrit kudu dikurangi kanthi proporsional karo konsentrasi hemoglobin.
Pasien kudu dipantau paling sethithik 24-48 jam sawise administrasi sodium thiosulfate kanggo kecukupan oksigenasi lan perfusi lan kanggo tandha-tandha lan gejala keracunan sianida sing terus-terusan. Yen bisa, entuk hemoglobin / hematokrit nalika perawatan diwiwiti. Pangukuran saturasi oksigen nggunakake oksimetri pulsa standar lan nilai saturasi oksigen sing diwilang adhedhasar PO2 sing diukur ora bisa dipercaya yen ana methemoglobinemia.
Keslametan administrasi antidot sianida liyane bebarengan karo sodium thiosulfate durung ditetepake. Yen ana keputusan kanggo menehi antidote sianida liyane kanthi natrium thiosulfate, obat kasebut ora kudu diwenehake bebarengan ing jalur IV sing padha.
Pènget
Kontraindikasi
Pènget/PanandhapHypotension lan Formasi Methemoglobin sing ngancam nyawa karo Sodium Nitrite
Nalika sodium thiosulfate digunakake ing kombinasi karo sodium nitrite ing pasien sing keracunan sianida akut, bebaya lan pancegahan saka sodium nitrite kudu dianggep. Bebaya kothak wis dilebokake babagan risiko hipotensi sing ngancam nyawa lan pembentukan methemoglobin ing informasi resep natrium nitrit. Sodium nitrite bisa nimbulaké reaksi salabetipun serius lan pati ing manungsa, malah ing dosis kurang saka kaping pindho dosis terapi dianjurake. Sodium nitrite nyebabake hipotensi lan pembentukan methemoglobin, sing nyuda kapasitas mbeta oksigen. Hipotensi lan pembentukan methemoglobin bisa kedadeyan bebarengan utawa kapisah.
Amarga risiko kasebut, natrium nitrit kudu digunakake kanggo nambani keracunan sianida sing ngancam nyawa akut lan digunakake kanthi ati-ati ing pasien sing diagnosis keracunan sianida ora mesthi. . Pasien kudu dipantau kanthi rapet kanggo njamin perfusi lan oksigenasi sing nyukupi sajrone perawatan karo natrium nitrit. Pendekatan terapeutik alternatif kudu digatekake ing pasien sing dikenal nyuda cadangan oksigen utawa kardiovaskular (umpamane, korban inhalasi asap, anemia sing wis ana, gangguan jantung utawa ambegan) lan sing duwe risiko luwih dhuwur ngalami methemoglobinemia (contone, kekurangan methemoglobin reduktase kongenital) minangka padha duwe risiko luwih gedhe kanggo efek samping sing bisa ngancam nyawa sing ana gandhengane karo panggunaan natrium nitrit.
Hipersensitivitas
Persediaan sodium thiosulfate bisa ngemot sodium sulfit. Produsen persiapan sodium thiosulfate sing dituduhake kanggo keracunan sianida akut nyatakake yen anané jumlah tilak sulfit ing prodhuk kasebut ora bakal ngalangi administrasi obat kanggo perawatan kahanan darurat, sanajan pasien sensitif sulfit.
Populasi Tertentu
KandhutanOra ana data sing kasedhiya babagan panggunaan sodium thiosulfate ing wanita ngandhut kanggo ngevaluasi risiko sing ana gandhengane karo obat.
Ana risiko kanggo wanita ngandhut lan janin. digandhengake karo keracunan sianida sing ora diobati. Mulane, yen wanita ngandhut wis ngerti utawa curiga keracunan sianida, injeksi sodium thiosulfate kanggo panggunaan berurutan karo natrium nitrit dianjurake.
Ing studi kewan sing diterbitake, ora ana bukti embriotoksik utawa malformasi sing dilapurake nalika natrium thiosulfate diwenehake. sajrone organogenesis kanggo tikus ngandhut, tikus, hamster, utawa tikus kanthi 0,2 nganti 0,9 kaping dosis saben dina manungsa 12,5 g kanggo keracunan sianida. Pasinaon kasebut ora nguji dosis sing bisa dibandhingake karo dosis manungsa kanggo keracunan sianida.
LaktasiAmarga potensial reaksi salabetipun serius ing bayi sing nyusoni, pabrikan persiapan sodium thiosulfate dituduhake kanggo keracunan sianida akut. nyatakake yen nyusoni ora dianjurake sajrone perawatan karo obat kasebut. Ora ana data kanggo nemtokake kapan nyusoni bisa diwiwiti maneh kanthi aman sawise administrasi sodium thiosulfate.
Panggunaan PediatrikAna laporan kasus ing literatur medis sodium nitrite bebarengan karo sodium thiosulfate sing diwenehake kanggo pasien pediatrik kanthi keracunan sianida; Nanging, durung ana studi klinis kanggo ngevaluasi safety utawa khasiat sodium thiosulfate ing populasi pediatrik.
Efek Sabar sing Umum
Reaksi saru sing paling umum yaiku hipotensi, sirah, lan disorientasi.
Apa obatan liyane bakal mengaruhi Sodium Thiosulfate (Antidote) (Systemic)
Obat Spesifik
Iku penting panyedhiya label pabrikan dikonsultasi kanggo informasi sing luwih rinci babagan interaksi karo obat iki, kalebu kemungkinan pangaturan dosis. Sorotan interaksi:
Studi interaksi obat formal durung ditindakake kanthi injeksi natrium tiosulfat.
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