Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant), Fc fusion protein (Systemic)

Brand names: Eloctate
Drug class: Antineoplastic Agents

Usage of Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant), Fc fusion protein (Systemic)

Hemophilia A

On-demand treatment and control of bleeding episodes in patients with hemophilia A (congenital factor VIII deficiency; classic hemophilia).

Maintenance of hemostasis in patients with hemophilia A undergoing surgery (i.e., perioperative management of bleeding).

Routine prophylaxis (i.e., administration at regular intervals) to reduce frequency of bleeding events.

Designated an orphan drug by FDA for treatment of hemophilia A.

Not indicated for the treatment of von Willebrand disease.

The World Federation of Hemophilia and Medical and Scientific Advisory Council (MASAC) of the National Hemophilia Foundation publishe guidelines on the management of hemophilia. Guidelines generally support the use of factor VIII products for prophylaxis and treatment of bleeding in patients with hemophilia A.

Several antihemophilic factor concentrates are available in the US for treatment of hemophilia A; these include a variety of plasma-derived and recombinant preparations. When selecting an appropriate antihemophilic factor preparation, consider patient and drug-specific factors in addition to emerging data.

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How to use Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant), Fc fusion protein (Systemic)

General

Patient Monitoring

  • Monitor factor VIII activity to individualize dosage and assess response to therapy. Adequate levels of factor VIII should be attained and maintained during therapy. Careful control of the dose is especially important in cases of life-threatening bleeding or major surgery.
  • Monitor for the development of factor VIII inhibitors. Perform a Bethesda inhibitor assay if expected plasma factor VIII levels are not attained or bleeding is not controlled with recommended dosages.
  • If central venous access device (CVAD) is required, monitor for CVAD-related complications including local infections, bacteremia, and catheter-site thrombosis.

    • Administration

    IV Administration

    Administer by IV bolus infusion over several minutes.

    Reconstitute the commercially available lyophilized powder prior to IV administration.

    Reconstitution

    Reconstitute with sterile water for injection (supplied by manufacturer). Allow drug vial and prefilled diluent syringe to warm to room temperature prior to reconstitution. Gently swirl vial until powder is completely dissolved; do not shake. Resultant solution should be clear to slightly opalescent and colorless; do not use if cloudy, discolored, or particulate matter observed.

    Administer immediately or within 3 hours after reconstitution; do not refrigerate reconstituted solution.

    Do not administer reconstituted solution in the same tubing or container with other drugs.

    Consult manufacturer's labeling for specific instructions on reconstitution and preparation of antihemophilic factor (recombinant), Fc fusion protein.

    Rate of Administration

    Administer IV over a period of several minutes; determine administration rate by patient's comfort level (not to exceed 10 mL/minute).

    Dosage

    Dosage and potency expressed in terms of international units (IU) of antihemophilic factor activity. Potency is determined by a chromogenic substrate assay; however, both chromogenic assays and one-stage clotting assays are routinely used in US clinical laboratories for measurement of plasma factor VIII activity. In general, administration of 1 unit/kg of antihemophilic factor (recombinant), Fc fusion protein increases circulating factor VIII levels by approximately 2 IU/dL.

    Individualize dosage and duration of therapy based on severity of factor VIII deficiency, location and extent of bleeding, and patient's clinical and pharmacokinetic (e.g., in-vivo recovery, half-life) response. Estimate dose required to achieve a particular percentage increase in plasma factor VIII with the following formula:

    Dose required (IU) = body weight (in kg) × desired factor VIII rise (IU/dL or % of normal) x 0.5 (IU/kg per IU/dL)

    Determine desired factor VIII level by the clinical situation and severity of bleeding. For recommendations on target factor VIII levels for a given clinical situation, see the specific dosage sections for various types of uses below. These calculations and suggested dosage regimens are only approximations and should not preclude appropriate clinical monitoring and individualization of dosage based on the hemostatic requirements of patients. Measure patient's factor VIII activity after a dose is given to verify calculated dose.

    If calculated dose is ineffective in achieving appropriate factor VIII levels, consider possibility of inhibitor development.

    Pediatric Patients

    Hemophilia A

    Higher doses or more frequent dosing may be required in patients <6 years of age because of increased clearance per kg of body weight and shorter half-life. Dosage requirements in patients ≥6 years of age generally similar to those in adults.

    On-Demand Treatment and Control of Bleeding IV

    Minor or moderate bleeding (e.g., joint, superficial muscle [except iliopsoas] without neurovascular compromise, deep laceration and renal, superficial soft tissue, mucous membranes): Initial dose of 20–30 IU/kg to achieve a factor VIII level of at least 40–60% of normal; repeat dose every 12–24 hours for patients <6 years of age or every 24–48 hours for patients ≥6 years of age until bleeding resolves.

    Major bleeding (e.g., life- or limb-threatening, iliopsoas and deep muscle with neurovascular injury, GI, retroperitoneal, intracranial): Initial dose of 40–50 IU/kg to achieve a factor VIII level of at least 80–100% of normal; repeat dose every 8–24 hours for patients <6 years of age or every 12–24 hours for patients ≥6 years of age until bleeding resolves (approximately 7–10 days).

    Perioperative Management of Bleeding IV

    Minorsurgery (e.g., uncomplicated dental extraction): Initial dose of 25–40 IU/kg to achieve a factor VIII level of 50–80% of normal. Repeat dose every 12–24 hours for patients <6 years of age or every 24 hours for patients ≥6 years of age for at least 1 day until healing is achieved.

    Major surgery (e.g., intracranial, intra-abdominal, joint replacement): Initial preoperative dose of 40–60 IU/kg to achieve a factor VIII level of at least 80–120% of normal. Repeat with dose of 40–50 IU/kg after 6–24 hours for patients <6 years of age or every 8–24 hours for patients ≥6 years of age, then every 24 hours thereafter to maintain factor VIII levels within target range. Once adequate wound healing achieved, continue therapy for at least 7 days to maintain target factor VIII levels.

    Routine Prophylaxis of Bleeding Episodes IV

    Children ≥6 years of age: Manufacturer recommends initial dosage of 50 IU/kg every 4 days. Adjust dosage to 25–65 IU/kg every 3–5 days based on response.

    Children <6 years of age: Manufacturer recommends initial dosage of 50 IU/kg twice weekly. More frequent or higher doses up to 80 IU/kg may be required. Adjust dosage to 25–65 IU/kg every 3–5 days based on response.

    MASAC states that prophylactic therapy should be instituted at an early age (e.g., 1–2 years) prior to the onset of frequent bleeding.

    Individualize prophylactic dosage regimens; evaluate patients periodically to determine continued need for prophylaxis.

    Adults

    Hemophilia A On-Demand Treatment and Control of Bleeding IV

    Minor or moderate bleeding (e.g., joint, superficial muscle [except iliopsoas] without neurovascular compromise, deep laceration and renal, superficial soft tissue, mucous membranes): Initial dose of 20–30 IU/kg to achieve a factor VIII level of at least 40–60% of normal; repeat dose every 24–48 hours until bleeding resolves.

    Major bleeding (e.g., life- or limb-threatening, iliopsoas and deep muscle with neurovascular injury, GI, retroperitoneal, intracranial): Initial dose of 40–50 IU/kg to achieve a factor VIII level of at least 80–100% of normal; repeat dose every 12–24 hours until bleeding resolves (approximately 7–10 days).

    Perioperative Management of Bleeding IV

    Minorsurgery (e.g., uncomplicated dental extraction): Initial dose of 25–40 IU/kg to achieve a factor VIII level of at least 50–80% of normal. Repeat dose every 24 hours for at least 1 day until healing is achieved.

    Major surgery (e.g., intracranial, intra-abdominal, joint replacement): Initial preoperative dose of 40–60 IU/kg to achieve a factor VIII level of at least 80–120% of normal. Repeat with dose of 40–50 IU/kg after 8–24 hours, then every 24 hours thereafter to maintain factor VIII levels within target range. Once adequate wound healing achieved, continue therapy for at least 7 days to maintain target factor VIII levels.

    Routine Prophylaxis of Bleeding Episodes IV

    Manufacturer recommends initial dosage of 50 IU/kg every 4 days. Adjust dosage within range of 25–65 IU/kg every 3–5 days based on patient response.

    Individualize prophylactic dosage regimens; evaluate patients periodically to determine continued need for prophylaxis.

    Special Populations

    Hepatic Impairment

    No specific dosage recommendations at this time.

    Renal Impairment

    No specific dosage recommendations at this time.

    Geriatric Patients

    No specific dosage recommendations at this time.

    Warnings

    Contraindications

  • Life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis) to antihemophilic factor (recombinant), Fc fusion protein or other components of the preparation including sucrose, sodium chloride, L-histidine, calcium chloride, and polysorbate 20.

    • Warnings/Precautions

    Hypersensitivity Reactions

    Potential risk of hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis. If a hypersensitivity reaction occurs, discontinue drug immediately and initiate appropriate therapy.

    Neutralizing Antibodies to Factor VIII

    Risk for development of neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) to factor VIII following treatment with any antihemophilic factor preparation. Reported to occur in approximately 20–30% of patients with severe hemophilia A and 5–10% of those with mild to moderate disease.

    Monitor patients for development of inhibitors using appropriate clinical observation and laboratory tests. Suspect presence of inhibitors if expected factor VIII levels not achieved or bleeding not controlled with recommended dose, particularly in those who previously achieved a response.

    Cardiovascular Risk Factors

    Risk of cardiovascular events in hemophilia patients who have cardiovascular risk factors or cardiovascular disease may be similar to the risk in patients without hemophilia when clotting has been normalized by treatment with factor VIII.

    Catheter-related Complications

    Consider risk of central venous access device (CVAD)-related complications including local infections, bacteremia, and catheter-site thrombosis if such a device is required.

    Monitoring Laboratory Tests

    Monitor factor VIII levels using a validated test (e.g., one-stage clotting assay) to guide dosing and assess therapeutic response. Important to achieve and maintain adequate levels of factor VIII for effective hemostatic control during an acute bleeding episode or during surgery.

    Monitor for development of inhibitors. Perform appropriate laboratory test (i.e., Bethesda assay) to confirm presence of inhibitors.

    Specific Populations

    Pregnancy

    Not known whether drug can cause fetal harm or affect reproductive capacity; use during pregnancy only when clearly needed.

    Lactation

    Not known whether distributed into human milk. Consider known benefits of breast-feeding; mother's clinical need for antihemophilic factor (recombinant), Fc fusion protein; and any potential adverse effects of the drug or disease on infant.

    Pediatric Use

    Safety and efficacy evaluated in previously treated adolescents 12–18 years of age in principal efficacy study.

    In a separate pediatric study evaluating patients <12 years of age, antihemophilic factor (recombinant), Fc fusion protein half-life was shorter and body weight-adjusted clearance was substantially higher in children 1–5 years of age than in older pediatric patients.

    Geriatric Use

    Insufficient experience in patients ≥65 years of age to determine whether geriatric patients respond differently than younger patients.

    Hepatic Impairment

    No information on use in patients with hepatic impairment.

    Renal Impairment

    No information on use in patients with renal impairment.

    Common Adverse Effects

    Adverse effects (>0.5%) in previously treated patients: arthralgia, malaise, myalgia, headache, rash.

    Adverse effects (≥1%) in previously untreated patients: factor VIII inhibition, device-related thrombosis, papular rash.

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