Candida Albicans Skin Test Antigen
Drug class: Antineoplastic Agents
Usage of Candida Albicans Skin Test Antigen
Cellular Hypersensitivity
Used as a recall antigen for detecting cell-mediated hypersensitivity to Candida albicans.
May be used to evaluate the cellular immune response in patients suspected of having reduced cellular hypersensitivity.
Some individuals with normal cellular immunity may not be hypersensitive to Candida; therefore, concurrent use of other licensed cell-mediated hypersensitivity skin test antigens is recommended.
HIV infection can modify the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to tuberculin; therefore, it is advised to test HIV-infected patients at high risk of tuberculosis with antigens in addition to tuberculin.
Do not use to diagnose or treat Type 1 allergy to Candida albicans.
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How to use Candida Albicans Skin Test Antigen
General
Patient Monitoring
Dispensing and Administration Precautions
Administration
Administer intradermally; do not inject IV. Take care to avoid injection into a blood vessel.
Administer intradermal injections into volar surface of forearm or outer aspect of upper arm. Must administer as superficially as possible causing a distinct, sharply defined bleb. An unreliable reaction may result if the product is injected sub-Q.
Clean skin with 70% alcohol before applying the skin test.
Dosage
Adults
Cellular Hypersensitivity Intradermal InjectionDose used to assess cellular hypersensitivity is 0.1 mL.
Time required for the induration response to reach maximum intensity varies. The reaction usually begins within 24 hours and peaks between 24 and 48 hours.
Read the skin test at 48 hours by visually insPecting the test site and palpating the indurated area. An induration ≥5 mm is considered to be a positive delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction.
Warnings
Contraindications
Warnings/Precautions
Warnings
Serious Adverse ReactionsLarger reactions other than the expected local response may occur following administration of skin test. (See Boxed Warning.)
Life-threatening or fatal systemic reactions may occur. Report serious adverse reactions to the manufacturer or FDA.
Administration Precautions
Candida albicans skin test antigen must be injected intradermally as superficially as possible, causing a distinct, sharply defined bleb at the skin test site. An unreliable reaction may result if the product is injected sub-Q. Must not administer IV; take care to avoid injecting into a blood vessel.
Use a separate sterile syringe and needle for each patient to prevent transmission of infectious agents. Dispose of needles properly and do not recap.
Ensure that facilities, equipment, and medication (epinephrine, oxygen) necessary to treat potential adverse effects are readily available.
Do not administer IV. (see Boxed Warning.)
Local and Systemic Reactions
As with all skin test antigens, local and systemic allergic reactions can occur.
Local reactions include swelling, pruritus, and vesiculation. Necrosis and ulceration not observed, but theoretically possible. Local reactions may be treated with a cold compress and topical steroids. Severe local reactions (e.g., rash, vesiculation, bullae, dermal exfoliation, cellulitis) are possible in highly allergic persons; may require additional measures as appropriate.
In individuals with a bleeding tendency, trauma from the skin test may cause bruising and nonspecific induration.
Local immediate hypersensitivity reactions may occur. Such reactions are characterized by edematous hive surrounded by a zone of erythema and observed approximately 15–20 minutes after intradermal injection.
Systemic reactions not observed, but possible. Systemic reactions usually occur within 30 minutes after injection of antigen and may include the following symptoms: sneezing, coughing, itching, shortness of breath, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, tachycardia, hypotension, and respiratory failure in severe cases.
Systemic allergic reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis) must be immediately treated with epinephrine HCl 1:1,000. Additional measures may be required, Depending on severity.
Specific Populations
PregnancyNot known whether candida albicans skin test antigen can cause fetal harm or affect reproductive capacity. Animal reproduction studies not conducted. Use in pregnant women only if clearly needed.
LactationNot known whether candida albicans skin test antigen is excreted in human milk. Exercise caution when administering to a nursing woman.
Pediatric UseSafety and effectiveness not established in children. However, the skin test has been used in pediatric patients for assessing cellular immunity.
Geriatric UseNot adequately studied in geriatic patients; however, such patients may have a diminished response since the aging process is known to alter cell-mediated immunity.
Common Adverse Effects
Immediate hypersensitivity local reactions can include itching, swelling, pain, and blistering at the test site occurring 15-20 minutes after administration. Necrosis is possible.
Systemic reactions not observed; however, all foreign antigens have the remote possibility of causing Type 1 anaphylaxis and even death when injected intradermally.
What other drugs will affect Candida Albicans Skin Test Antigen
Corticosteroids and Immunosuppressive Drugs
Pharmacologic doses of corticosteroids may suppress the DTH skin test response after 2 weeks of therapy. Response usually returns to pretreatment level within several weeks after steroid therapy is discontinued.
Beta-blocking Drugs
Patients receiving beta-blocking drugs may not respond to usual doses of epinephrine, in the event that epinephrine is required to control an adverse allergic reaction.
Disclaimer
Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Drugslib.com is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Drugslib.com information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Drugslib.com does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Drugslib.com's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Drugslib.com's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners.
The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Drugslib.com does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Drugslib.com provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.
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