Celery

Generic name: Apium Graveolens L. Var Dulce (Mill.) Pers.
Brand names: Celery, Celery Seed, Celery Seed Oil

Usage of Celery

Anti-inflammatory effects

In vitro data

In in vitro studies, luteolin extracted from celery suppressed proinflammatory cytokines and upregulated cyclooxygenase expression.Christensen 2006, Kasiri 2018, Kim 2014, Park 2013 Further studies have suggested glycosides from the ethanol whole plant extract possess anti-inflammatory effects and inhibit nitric oxide production.Zhu 2017

Antimicrobial activity

Animal and in vitro data

Antifungal, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal activity has been described for celery oil.Baananou 2013, Marongiu 2013, Nagella 2012, Nguyen 2014 Activity against uropathogenic EscheriChia coli bladder and kidney infections in rodents has been demonstrated.Sarshar 2018

Antioxidant activity

Animal and in vitro data

Antioxidant activity has been demonstrated and may account for several observed effects of celery.Kooti 2017 Fresh celery flavonoid extracts reduced oxidative stress in rats and mice, as measured in the liver, mitochondria, and spermatozoa.Cao 2012, Choi 2011, Kolarovic 2010, Kooti 2014, Li 2014

Cancer

Animal and in vitro data

Studies have focused on the role of apigenin, extracted from celery seed, as a potential chemotherapeutic agent. Inhibition of cell adhesion, antiangiogenic properties, proapoptosis, and other effects have been demonstrated in studies using human cancer cell lines.Iyer 2019, Kasiri 2018, Kowalczyk 2017, Sung 2016 In vitro and rodent studies suggest essential oil from celery may also possess cytotoxic and antimutagenic properties.Christensen 2006, Hashim 1994, Lim 2013, Zheng 1993

Cardiovascular effects/Dyslipidemia

Animal data

Celery extract has demonstrated vasorelaxant effects on isolated rat aortic rings.Jorge 2013 Celery seed extract exerted hypotensive effects in hypertensive, but not normotensive, rats, possibly due to the n-butylphthalide content.Moghadam 2013, Tang 2017 Limited studies in rodents report improved lipid profiles with celery seed extracts.Abd El-Mageed 2011, Iyer 2011, Iyer 2019, Rouhi-Boroujeni 2015 Additional effects in cardiovascular disease include decreased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.Tang 2017

Clinical data

Limited clinical studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of the extracted compound butylphthalide in strokeWang 2018; one study demonstrated superiority of 90-day treatment with dl-3-n-butylphthalide (a synthetic variation of l-3-n-butylphthalide, an extract from seeds of A. graveolens) over aspirin in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Cui 2013 The synthetic version of the compound is clinically approved as an anti-ischemic agent in China.Abdoulaye 2016

CNS effects

Animal data

In older studies, 3-n-butylphthalide showed sedative and anticonvulsant effects in rodents.Khan 2009 In induced Parkinson disease models in mice, extracts from whole A. graveolens plant improved behavioral performance, oxidative stress parameters, and monoamine oxidase A and B activity.Chonpathompikunlert 2018, Huang 2010 Other studies in rodents report improvements in cognition and depression, and modulation of endogenous antioxidant and neurotransmitter systems.Boonruamkae 2017 Reviews exist regarding neuroprotective effects of the flavone luteolin, which is found in several plant products, including celery.Nabavi 2015

Clinical data

Clinical studies are lacking. In the UK Women's Cohort Study conducted in 13,958 women (with approximately 4 years of follow-up), consumption of an additional portion of celery (among other plants) was inversely associated with sleep duration.Noorwali 2018

Diabetes

Animal data

Limited studies in rodents suggest celery seed extract possesses hypoglycemic effects.Yusni 2018

Clinical data

Very limited clinical data exist regarding the effects of celery leaf or seed extract in diabetes. A small study in elderly patients with hyperglycemia (N=16) evaluated the effect of celery leaf on blood glucose and plasma insulin levels. Reductions in plasma glucose levels were reported, but not in plasma insulin levels.Yusni 2018

GI effects

Animal data

A protective effect of celery leaves and seeds on gastric ulceration has been demonstrated in studies of rats.Al-Howiriny 2010, Baananou 2013

Gout

Animal data

Hydroalcoholic extracts of whole A. graveolens plant may have a role in the management of gout, based on reduced serum uric acid levels in a study of rodents with induced hyperuricemia. Inhibition of hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase was suggested.Dolati 2018

Celery side effects

Allergy, including dermatitis and anaphylaxis (rare), and phototoxicity to celery and its falcarinol content have been described.Christensen 2006, Duke 2002, Khan 2009, Pauli 1985

Raised liver enzymes have been noted in phase 3 trials of dl-3-n-butylphthalide 800 mg/day.Cui 2013

Before taking Celery

Avoid use. Celery seed is contraindicated in pregnancy, as it may have uterotonic activity and has been used traditionally as an emmenagogue.Ernst 2002, Khan 2009 Celery has also been used for its antigalactic properties.Duke 2002, Kolarovic 2010

Limited studies in rodents suggest increased testosterone and improved sperm count and motility with supplemental celery oil.Kooti 2017

How to use Celery

Clinical trials guiding celery dosage are limited. In one trial, dl-3-n-butylphthalide 400 mg orally daily (given as one 200 mg capsule twice daily) as part of a 90-day treatment regimen was used to improve outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Higher doses were associated with elevated liver enzymes.Cui 2013

Warnings

Celery seed has GRAS status when used as a food.Khan 2009 Neurotoxicity in rats due to the seed's chemical constituent falcarinol has been demonstrated.Christensen 2006 While celery root contains furocoumarins (particularly psoralens), the concentration in normal dietary intake is at least 1,000-fold lower than the no observed effect level for developing liver or cancer in rats.Dolan 2010 Limited toxicological studies suggest celery seed extract lacks toxicity at normal dosages.Powanda 2015

What other drugs will affect Celery

Although celery seed extract exhibits CYP-450 (particularly CYP2D6) enzyme inhibitory activity,Nguyen 2014 limited data suggest that interactions are unlikely.Powanda 2015, Tang 2017

A case report exists in which a woman experienced a manic episode 48 hours after adding celery root extract (1,000 mg/day) to her major depressive disorder treatment regimen of venlafaxine (75 mg/day) and St. John's wort (600 mg/day). Total venlafaxine and metabolite levels were elevated, and serotonin syndrome was ruled out. The symptoms, likely due to a CYP2D6-dependent interaction, resolved upon cessation of the celery root extract.Khalid 2016

In a study in rats given an extract of fresh celery, increased plasma Captopril levels were reported.Siska 2018

Antithrombotic effects have been described for celery seed extracts.Cui 2013 Potentiation of monoamine oxidase inhibitors is possible.Jäger 2013

Agents with antiplatelet properties: Herbs (anticoagulant/antiplatelet properties) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of agents with antiplatelet properties. Bleeding may occur. Consider therapy modification.Mousa 2010, Spolarilch 2007, Stanger 2012, Ulbricht 2008

Anticoagulants: Herbs (anticoagulant/antiplatelet properties) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of anticoagulants. Bleeding may occur. Consider therapy modification.Choi 2017, Fan 2017, Heck 2000, Izzat 1998, Jiang 2005, Kruth 2004, Lambert 2001, Mousa 2010, Shi 2012, Spolarilch 2007, Stanger 2012, Tsai 2013, Ulbricht 2008, Vaes 2000, Wang 2015

Herbs (anticoagulant/antiplatelet properties): Herbs (anticoagulant/antiplatelet properties) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of other herbs (anticoagulant/antiplatelet properties). Bleeding may occur. Consider therapy modification.Mousa 2010, Spolarilch 2007, Stanger 2012, Ulbricht 2008

Hypoglycemia-associated agents: Herbs (hypoglycemic properties) may enhance the hypoglycemic effect of hypoglycemia-associated agents. Monitor therapy.Hui 2009

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents: Herbs (anticoagulant/antiplatelet properties) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Bleeding may occur. Consider therapy modification.Mousa 2010, Spolarilch 2007, Stanger 2012, Ulbricht 2008

Salicylates: Herbs (anticoagulant/antiplatelet properties) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of salicylates. Bleeding may occur. Consider therapy modification.Mousa 2010, Spolarilch 2007, Stanger 2012, Ulbricht 2008

Thrombolytic agents: Herbs (anticoagulant/antiplatelet properties) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of thrombolytic agents. Bleeding may occur. Consider therapy modification.Mousa 2010, Spolarilch 2007, Stanger 2012, Ulbricht 2008

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