Hyssop

Generic name: Hyssopus Officinalis L.
Brand names: Ezov, Hyssop, Hyssopus

Usage of Hyssop

Antimicrobial/Antiviral activity

Animal data

Antibacterial and antiviral activities have been described for leaf extracts and the essential oil of hyssop. In vitro studies showed antibacterial activity against several human pathogens(De Martino 2009); however, the preservative effect of hyssop added to ground beef was limited.(Michalczyk 2012)

In vitro antiviral activity has been investigated against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2(Koch 2008, Schnitzler 2007) and HIV,(Kreis 1990) with some studies suggesting the effect is limited to the viral envelope(Koch 2008) and hence ineffective against nonenveloped viruses such as human norovirus.(Kovač 2012)

Antioxidant activity

In vitro and experimental data

The genoprotective activity of hyssop aerial parts suggests potential use as a possible functional food for oxidative stress–induced disease prevention.(Borrelli 2019)

H. officinalis has demonstrated good antioxidant activity; use as an alternative to nitrites as curing agents for pork products has been suggested.(Zając 2020)

Asthma

Animal data

Asthmatic mice treated with hyssop extract (0.04 g per 10 g) had decreased airway remodeling and fewer symptoms of cough, shortness of breath, anxiety, and cyanosis.(Ma 2014) A decrease in symptoms and changes in various disease marker proteins were similar to the group treated with dexamethasone. The same research group used the same treatments to examine immune effects and noted that asthmatic mice treated with hyssop had reductions in mucus secretion and reductions in immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG similar to the improvements observed in the dexamethasone group.(Ma 2014)

CNS

Animal data

Inhalation of hyssop essential oil demonstrated sedative effects in agitated (caffeine-stimulated) mice.(Lim 2005) Commercial preparations of hyssop essential oils produced convulsions in rats at 0.13 g/kg and death at 1.25 g/kg.(Millet 1981) In another rat model of pentylenetetrazole-induced tonic-clonic seizures, hyssop extract 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally was found to have anticonvulsant activity.(Gholami 2020)

Diabetes

Animal data

Limited experiments suggest an extract of the dried leaves of hyssop contains glucopyranosides that appear to have alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity capable of reducing postprandial hyperglycemia.(Matsuura 2004, Miyazaki 2003) A study of diabetic rats determined that H. officinalis exerts hypoglycemic potential via modulating C-fos, GSK-3beta, NF-kappa B, TNF-alpha, ABCA1, and ABCG1 gene expression and signaling pathways, suggesting a possible role in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment.(Abdel-Megeed 2020)

Other uses

Potential chemopreventive and immunostimulant in vitro effects are worthy of further investigations.(Venditti 2015)

Hyssop side effects

Research reveals little information regarding adverse reactions with hyssop use. Hyssop oil was nonirritating to the skin in animal and human studies.(Khan 2010) Older case reports of seizures related to consumption of hyssop and sage oils exist.(Burkhard 1999, Millet 1981)

Before taking Hyssop

Avoid use. Hyssop has emmenagogue and abortifacient effects.Ernst 2002, Quattrocchi 2012

How to use Hyssop

No clinical evidence is available to determine hyssop dosing recommendations.

Warnings

In rats, commercial preparations of hyssop essential oils produced convulsions at 0.13 g/kg and death at 1.25 g/kg. Case reports of seizures in adults and children exist. The neurotoxicity of hyssop appears to be related to 2 terpene ketones, pinocamphone and isopinocamphone; other monoterpenes with similar chemical structures, such as camphor, thujone, and cineole, are known to have epileptogenic properties.(Burkhard 1999, Millet 1981)

A study using hyssop in combination with other herbs in horse feed showed no differences in hematologic or biochemical parameters compared with placebo feed.(Pearson 2007)

What other drugs will affect Hyssop

Reports are lacking.

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