Capriles medicine 800mg/10ml Ha Tay treat muscle vibration, anemia (20 tubes x 10ml)

In general, the main effects of drugs are called Hung Tri (such as: Piracetam, Oxiracetam, Aniracetam, Etiracetam, Pramiracetam, Tenilsetam, Suloctidil, Tamitinol) are improving learning and memory skills. Many of these are considered to have a stronger effect on piracetam in terms of learning and memory. It is thought that in normal people and in people with impaired function, Piracetam works directly to the brain to increase the activity of the brain area (the brain area is involved in the mechanism of awareness, learning, memory, alertness and consciousness).

Piracetam affects some neurotransmitters such as acetylcholin, noradrenalin, dopamin ... This can explain the positive effect of the drug on learning and improve the ability to perform memory tests. The drug can change neurotransmitter and contribute to improving the metabolic environment so that the nerve cells work well. On experiments, Piracetam has a protective effect against metabolic disorders due to ischemia by increasing brain resistance to oxygen deficiency.

Piracetam increases the mobilization and use of glucose without depending on the supply of oxygen, facilitates the pentose path and maintains energy synthesis in the brain. Piracetam enhances the recovery rate after damage due to lack of oxygen by increasing the rotation of inorganic phosphate and reducing glucose and lactic acid accumulation.

Under normal conditions as well as when oxygen lacks, Piracetam is found to increase the amount of ATP in the brain due to increased ADP conversion to ATP, which can be a mechanism to explain some of the useful effects of the drug. The impact on acetylcholine transmission (increasing the release of acetylcholin) may also contribute to the mechanism of action of the drug.

The drug also works to increase dopamine release and this may have a good effect on memory formation. The drug has no effect on sleep, sedation, resuscitation, analgesic, nervous or neuron and no effect of GABA.

Piracetam reduces the ability to converge platelet and in case of abnormal erythrocytes, the drug can cause red blood cells to restore deformation and ability to pass through capillaries. The drug has anti -vibration effect.

Pharmacokinetics

absorption

Piracetam used by oral is absorbed quickly and almost entirely in the digestive tract. Biology nearly 100%. Peak concentration in plasma (40 - 60 micrograms/ml) appears 30 minutes after taking a dose of 2 g. The peak concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid is achieved after taking the drug 2 - 8 hours. Absorption of drugs does not change during long -term treatment.

Distribution

The distribution volume is about 0.7 liters/kg. Piracetam absorbed into all tissues and may be through the blood - brain, placenta barrier and even the membranes used in the kidney. The drug has high concentrations in the cerebral cortex, frontal lobe, top lobe and occipital lobes, cerebellum and base cores.

Metabolism

In the body of non -metabolic piracetam.

Elimination

The semi -discharged cycle in plasma is 4-5 hours; In cerebrospinal fluid about 6 - 8 hours. Piracetam is not attached to plasma proteins and is excreted through the kidneys in the form of intact. Piracetam clearance coefficient of the kidney in normal people is 86 ml/min. 30 hours after drinking, more than 95% of the drug is discharged in urine. If there is kidney failure, half -lifetime elimination increases. In patients with complete renal failure and not recovering, this time is 48 - 50 hours.

Instructions on how to handle ADR

Can reduce the side effects of the drug by reducing the dose.

Caution when used

Because Piracetam is discharged through the kidneys, the semi -waste of the drug increases directly to the degree of renal failure and creatinine clearance. It is necessary to be very cautious when taking the drug for patients with renal failure. Need to monitor kidney function in these patients and elderly patients.

When the clearing coefficient of creatinine is below 60 ml/min or when serum creatinine is over 1.25 mg/100 ml, the dose adjustments need to be adjusted.

Creatinine clearance coefficient is 60 - 40ml/min, serum creatinine is 1.25 - 1.7 mg/100 ml (semi -waste of piracetam is longer than twice): only 1/2 of normal dose.

Creatinine clearance coefficient is 40 - 20 ml/min, serum creatinine is 1.7 - 3.0 mg/100 ml (semi -waste of piracetam is 25 - 42 hours): Use 1/4 normal dose.

Piracetam has the effect of inhibiting platelet aggregation for prolonged bleeding time. Caution should be used in patients with severe bleeding, patients at risk of bleeding such as stomach ulcers, patients with hemostasis, those with a history of bleeding, patients undergoing major surgery including dental surgery, patients using anticoagulants or anti -platelets such as Aspirin.

Note: Preparation of Aspartam sweeteners should be used for diabetics. When the drug is cloudy, the number of lots, fuzzy HD ... or there are other suspicious manifestations to ask the medicine to ask for the place of sale or the place to produce according to the address in the single.

The ability to drive and operate machinery

The drug can cause drowsiness, sleep, restlessness, headache, dizziness, agitation should not be used when driving or operating machinery.

Pregnancy

There is no safety study for pregnant women. This drug should not be used for pregnant women because Piracetam can pass the placenta.

Lactation period

Do not use piracetam for breastfeeding because piracetam is excreted in breast milk.

Drug interaction

can still continue the classic method of alcoholic treatment (vitamins and sedatives) in the case of a person with vitamin deficiency or strong agitation.

There have been cases of interactions between piracetam and thyroid essence when used simultaneously: confusion, stimulation and sleep disorders.

In a patient, prothrombin time has been stabilized by warfarin when using piracetam.