Hafixim 200 Tabs DHG Pharma Treatment treatments for infections (3 blisters x 10 tablets)

Hafixim with the main active ingredient is Cefixim, the 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotic, used by oral. The drug has a bactericidal effect. Cefixim's bactericidal mechanism is similar to other cephalosporins: attached to target proteins (penicillin -mounted proteins) that inhibit mucopeptide synthesis in bacterial cell walls. The bacterial Cefixim resistance mechanism is to reduce Cefixim's affinity for target protein or reduce the permeability of bacterial cell membranes for drugs.

Cefixim has high sustainability with the hydrolysis of beta-lactamase encoded by the gene located on plasmid and chromosom. Sustainability with beta-lactamase of Cefixim is higher than Cefaclor, Cefoxitin, Cefuroxim, Cephalexin, Cephadin.

antibacterial spectrum:

Gram -positive bacteria:

Gram -positive air -demands: Streptococcus pyogenes (Beta hemolytic bacterial bacteria), S. Agalactiae (Bacterial League Group B) and streptococcal group C, F and G; Some S. Pneumoniae strains are worse than some other oral cephalosporins (such as Cefdinir, Cefpodoxim, Cefprozil, Cefuroxim); S. pneumoniae strains of penicillin resistance are considered cefixim resistance. The majority of streptococcal group D and S. Viridans often consider Cefixim resistance. Cefixim does not have a vitro printing effect on staphylococcus aureus or no penicillinase secretion includes Staphylococcus aureus, S.epidermidis and S. Saprophyticus, Staphylococcus resistant to methicilin. Gram -positive air -loving bacillus: Corynebacterium, Listeria monocytogenes is usually resistant to Cefixim.

Gram -negative bacteria:

Cefixim works for neisseria meningitidis, N. Gonorrhoeae secreted or without penicillinase secretion. The drug also has in vitro effects on N. Gonorrhoeae resistant to penicillin through chromosomes or tetracycline resistance through plasmid intermediaries.

Cefixim has an in vitro effect on most H. Influenzae secretion or not beta-lactamase and H. parainfluenzae. Cefixim works better than Cefaclor, Cephalexin, Cefuroxim or Amoxicilin combined with potassium clavulanate for H. Influenzae to produce beta-lactamase, but the effect is equal to or less than Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxon or Co-Trimoxazol. Cefixim in vitro also works for high-quality anti-drug H. Influenzae strains (ampicilin, chloramphenicol, tetracyclin, co-trimoxazol, cefaclor and/ or erythromycin). However, some H. Influenzae strains do not produce beta-lactamase but ampicillin and Cephalosporin 2nd generation also reduced sensitivity to cefixim.

In vitro, Cefixim work for most Moraxella Catrhalis, even when ampicillin resistance, cefaclor, cephalexin.

In vitro, Cefixim works for most important animaliaceae. In vitro, Cefixim work for many strains E. Coli, Citrobacter Freundii, K. Pneumoniae and P. Mirabilis resistant to other antibiotics (aminoglycosides, tetracyclin, ampicilin, amoxicilin, cefaclor, cephalexin), Salmonella TYPHIPIPILIPILILINI and/ or co-trimoxazol.

Many strains of Cefixim resistant pseudomonas.

Anaerobic bacteria: Most of the bacteroides fragilis strains, bacteroides spp. Other, most Clostridium strains (including C. Difficile) resistance Cefixim.

Chlamydia and Mycoplasma: Chlamydia Trachomatis and Ureaplasma Urealyticum resistant Cefixim.

Spirochetes: Cefixim has a few effects on Borrelia Burgdorferi which is the cause of Lyme disease (concentration of 0.8 micrograms/ml).

anti -drug:

Cefixim is highly sustainable, not hydrolyzed by many beta-lactamase through plasmid intermediaries and chromosomes, but the drug is hydrolyzed by some beta-lactamase of Enterobacter; Klebsiella Oxytoca, Proteus Vulgaris and Pseudomonas Cepacia, Citrobacter Freundii, Entobacter Clacae, Flavobacterium and Bacteroides Fragilis.

Staphylococcus Cefixim is caused by a weak drug for PBP (penicillin binding protein) of bacteria. Enterococcus and Listeria Monocytogenes resistant to drugs are due to poor affinity for bacterial PBPs. Citrobacter Freundii and Enterobacter resistant Cefixim are caused by factors that prevent the drug from penetrating bacteria and produce beta-lactamase. Pseudomonas and acinetobacter resistant drugs are caused by bacterial cell membranes.

Cefixim stimulates the production of beta-lactamase in some Morganella Morganii strains, but the drug still works in vitro for those strains after releasing those beta-lactamase.

Some 3rd generation cephalosporin still work with Staphylococci, Cefixim usually does not work on these bacteria. Cefixim does not have in vitro active activity on staphylococci (secretion or no beta-lactamase secretion) such as Staphylococcus aureus, S. Epidermidis, S. Saprophyticus. Like other cephalosporins, cefixim has no activity on staphylococci resistant oxacilin (methicillin resistant). Most staphylococci, Enterococci and Listeria spp strains. No longer sensitive to Cefixim. Entobacter spp., Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Bacteroides spp. has resisted cefixim. Cefixim has limited in vitro activity on anaerobic bacteria; Most Clostridia strains (including C. Difficile) are resistant to drugs.

Gram -negative bacteria such as Achromobacter xylosoxidans and flavobacterium meningosepticum are resistant to cefixim.

With Chlamydia and Mycoplasma: Cefixim is not active with Chlamydia Trachomatis and Ureaplasma Urealyticum.

Dynamic pharmacokinetics

After taking a single dose of Cefixim, 30-50% of the dose is absorbed through the digestive tract, regardless of or after or after meals, although the absorption rate may be reduced when taken with meals. The drug in the form of oral fluid is better absorbed than the tablet form. The absorption of drugs is relatively slow. When taking a single dosage Cefixim, the peak concentration of plasma reaches about 2-3 micrograms/ml (for 200 mg dose), 3.7 - 4.6 micrograms/ml (for 400 mg dose) and reaches after taken 2 - 6 hours. Cefixim does not accumulate in serum or urine in humans with normal renal function after taking many doses, drink 1-2 times/ day. The sale time is usually about 3 to 4 hours and may last for kidney failure. About 65% Cefixim in the blood is attached to plasma proteins. The half -life of Cefixim's serum does not depend on the form of medicine and does not depend on the dose.

Information about the distribution of Cefixim in the body's tissue and fluid is limited. After oral, the drug is distributed into bile, sputum, tonsils, sinus mucosa, middle ear pus, burns, prostate epidemic. Currently there is no adequate data on the concentration of cerebrospinal fluid. Cefixim passes the placenta and can reach relatively high concentrations in bile and urine. About 20% of oral dose (or 50% of the absorption dose) are eliminated in the form that does not change into urine within 24 hours. Up to 60% of oral doses are not passed through the kidneys. There is no evidence of metabolism but may be partly eliminated from the bile into the feces. The drug is not equal to the hemolysis.

If hypersensitivity occurs, the drug should be stopped; In case of severe hypersensitivity, supportive treatment (using epinephrin, oxygen breathing, antihistamine, corticosteroid).

When diarrhea is caused by C. different and fake colitis, if mild just stop the drug. In medium and severe cases, electrolytes, protein supplements and metronidazol treatment.

Notify the physician with unwanted effects when using the drug.

Be cautious when using

need to be very careful when taking the drug for patients in the following cases:

The effect of the drug on the ability to drive and operate machinery

because the drug can cause headaches, dizziness, so cautious when operating machinery, driving train, people working on high and other cases.

Use drugs for women during pregnancy and lactation

Pregnancy

There is no evidence of the harmful effects of Cefixim on the fetus, so only use Cefixim for pregnant women when really necessary.

Breastfeeding period

No Cefixim report is distributed into breast milk or not, so it is advisable to consider stopping breastfeeding during the time the mother takes medication.

Drug interaction

Probenecid increases the peak and AUC concentration of Cefixim, reducing the clearance of the kidneys and the distribution of the drug.

cefixim increases the effects of anticoagulants (warfarin) and increases the concentration of carbamazepin in the blood when used simultaneously.

Glucose test in urine with clinitest, benedict solution, fehling solution can give a fake positive result when the patient uses Cefixim.

Coombs test may give false positive results during treatment with Cefixim.

Nifedipin when taken with Cefixim increases the bioavailability of Cefixim manifest by increasing the peak and AUC concentration.