OPXIL SA 500mg Imexpharm treats infections (10 blisters x 10 tablets)

Middle otitis.

Skin infections and soft tissue.

Bone and joint infections.

Urinary - genital infections, including acute prostatitis.

Dental infections.

Pharmacy

Pharmacological Group

Cephalosporin antibiotics I.

ATC code

j01db01.

cephalexin is a semi -oral synthetic antibiotic, belonging to the generation cephalosporin group I. The bactericidal effect of the drug is due to inhibition of synthetic bacterial cell walls.

The drug is attached to one or more penicillin -mounted (PBP) proteins inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls, thus inhibiting biosynthesis. The bacteria are destroyed by the effects of self -eliminating enzymes (Autolysin and Murein Hydrolase), while assembling cells into cells. Cephalexin is an antibiotic oral antibiotic, like the IPHalosporin I (Cefadroxil, Cefazolin), Cephalexin has in vitro activity on many Gram -positive air -demands, but limited effects on gram -negative bacteria.

antibacterial spectrum

Cephalexin has in vitro activity against the following bacteria: Beta blood -soluble streptococci, Staphylococci, including positive coagulase strains, negative coagulase and penicillinase, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus Mirabilis. Haemophilus Influenzae, Branhamella Catrhalis.

Most of the streptococcus Faecalis strains) and some resistant staphylococci strains with cephalexin. Cephalexin has no activity against the majority of the Entobacter spp., Morganella Morganii and PR. Vulgaris. Cephalexin has no activity against pseudomonas or Herellea spp. or acinetobacter calecoaceticus. Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to penicillin is often resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. When tested by in vitro, Staphylococci shows the cross resistance between cephalexin and methicilin antibiotics.

pharmacokinetic

cephalexin is quickly absorbed after oral use. When using a dose of 500mg, the average peak concentration in serum is approximately 18mg/l after 1 hour. The concentration of cephalexin in serum is still detected after 6 hours of medication. Cephalexin is eliminated in urine through glomerular filtration and renal tubules. Studies show that more than 90% of drugs are eliminated in the form of unchanged urine within 8 hours. During the process, the peak concentration in the urine when used the dose of 500mg is approximately 2,200mg/l.

Cephalexin is absorbed almost completely in the digestive tract, 75 - 100% is quickly eliminated in the form of activity in the urine. Absorption decreases slightly when using the drug along with food. The sale time is about 60 minutes in patients with normal renal function. Hemolysis and abdominal dung can eliminate cephalexin from the blood.

The peak concentration in the blood is achieved after 1 hour after taking the drug, the concentration of treatment is maintained from 6 to 8 hours. About 80% of active drugs are eliminated in urine within 6 hours. There is no accumulation with a larger dose than the maximum treatment dose (4g/day).

Semi -selling time can increase in newborns due to the incomplete renal function, no accumulation when using the dose up to 50mg/kg/day.

Too hypersensitivity to cephalexin or any ingredients in the formula.

Caution when using

Before treatment with cephalexin, pay attention to find out if the patient has had a hypersensitivity reaction to cephalosporin, penicillin or other drugs. Caution should be used when using cephalexin for patients allergic to penicillin. There has been clinical evidence and in the laboratory of cross allergy between penicillin and cephalosporin. There have been cases where patients have severe reactions (including anaphylaxis) with both drugs.

Palm colitis occurs with most broad -spectrum antibiotics, including semi -semi -synthetic macrolid, penicillin and cephalosporin. Therefore, it is necessary to consider these diagnosis in patients with diarrhea related to antibiotic use. The degree of colitis from mild to life -threatening. It is possible to overcome cases of mild fake colitis by stopping the drug. Cases from moderate to heavy, need to apply appropriate measures.

If allergies to cephalexin occur, patients need to stop taking the drug and conduct treatment with other appropriate drugs.

Use Cephalexin for a long time, leading to excessive growth of microorganisms that are not sensitive to drugs. Need to monitor patients carefully. If superinfection occurs during treatment, appropriate measures are required.

Be cautious when using cephalexin for patients with significant renal function. Clinical and laboratory research is needed because the safety dose level may be lower than the recommended dose.

affect tests

positive for direct Coombs test has been reported during treatment with cephalosporin antibiotics. For hematological tests, or during blood transfusion when globulin tests are performed in small groups, or in Coombs test for infants whose mothers use antibiotics cephalosporin before birth, positive results may be due to drugs.

Palmic positive reactions may occur during glucose tests in urine with Benedict or Fehling or Sulfate testers, but with enzyme tests, it is not affected.

cephalexin can affect the quantification of creatinins with alkaline picrat, giving high results, but the increase does not seem significant in clinical.

The ability to drive and operate machinery

There is no evidence of the effect of the drug on the ability to drive and operate machinery.

Pregnancy

although studies in the laboratory and clinical room have not yet been evident evidence of the use of teratogenic drugs. However, be cautious when indicating cephalexin for pregnant women.

Breastfeeding period

Cephalexin content excreted in breast milk increased for 4 hours after taking a dose of 500mg. Cephalexin reaches a maximum concentration of 4microgam/ml, then gradually decreases until 8 hours of medication. Be careful when using cephalexin for breastfeeding women.

Medicinal interaction

Interaction of drugs

As other beta-lactam antibiotics, Probenecid prevents cephalexin's renal excretion. Therefore, increasing serum concentration and increasing the sale time of cephalexin.

In a single study in 12 healthy subjects using the dose of 500mg Cephalexin and Metformin, CMAX and AUC Metformin in plasma increased average, equivalent to 34%and 24%, metformin clearance through the renal decrease average 14%. There is no side effects reported in 12 healthy subjects in this experiment. There is no information on drug interactions between cephalexin and metformin when using multi -dose. The clinical significance of this study is unclear, especially there is no case of "lactic acidosis" (lactic acidosis) is reported regarding the treatment of coordination of metformin and cephalexin.

Hypotension can occur in patients with leukemia using cell poison simultaneously with Gentamicin and Cephalexin.

High -dose cephalosporin use with other poisonous drugs such as aminoglycosides or strong diuretics (e.g. Furosemid, ethacrynic acid and piretanid) can adversely affect kidney function. Clinical experience shows no problem with Cephalexin at the recommended dose.

There have been notifications about cephalexin reducing the effects of estrogen in oral contraceptives.

cholestyramin attached to cephalexin in the intestine slows down their absorption.

The effect of cephalexin may increase when used with ureteric agents.

Cephalexin can reduce the effectiveness of typhoid vaccine.

affect tests

positive for direct Coombs has been reported during treatment with cephalosporin antibiotics. For hematological tests, or during blood transfusion when globulin tests are performed in small groups, or in Coombs test for infants whose mothers use antibiotics cephalosporin before birth, positive results may be due to drugs.

Pacific positive reactions may occur during glucose tests in urine with Benedict or Fehling solution or Sulfate copper test. Tests based on glucose oxidation reactions can be used safely.

cephalexin can affect the quantification of creatinins with alkaline picrat, giving high results, but the increase does not seem significant in clinical.

Tyeum of drugs

Due to the absence of studies on the correlation of the drug, not mixing this drug with other drugs.