Pacemin hard capsules 325mg/2mg hataphar treat flu, fever, headache (10 blisters x 10 tablets)
Dosage form Hard capsules
Specifications Box of 10 blisters x 10 tablets
Ingredient Paracetamol, chlorpheniramine
Ingredient
| Composition information | Content |
| Paracetamol | 325mg |
| Chlorpheniramine | 2mg |
Uses
indications
Pacemin 325mg/2mg drug indicated in the following cases:
Paracetamol (acetaminophen or N - acetyl - P - Aminophenol) is a metabolic substance with the activity of phenacetin, an effective analgesic - antipyretic drug that can replace aspirin; However, unlike aspirin, paracetamol is not effective in treating inflammation. With equal dose in grams, paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic effects similar to Aspirin.
Paracetamol reduces the body temperature in fever, but rarely reduces the body temperature in normal people.
The drug affects the hypothalamus causing cooling, increasing heat due to vasodilation and increased peripheral blood flow.
paracetamol, with treatment dose, less impact on the cardiovascular and respiratory system, does not change acid -base balance, does not cause irritation, ulcers or stomach bleeding as when using salicylate.
The effect of paracetamol on cyclooxygenase activity is not fully known.
With a dose of 1g/day, paracetamol is a weak cyclooxygenase inhibitor.
Inhibiting effects of paracetamol on cyclooxygenase -1 weak. Paracetamol is often chosen as an analgesic and antipyretic, especially in the elderly and in people with contraindicated use of salicylate or other NSAIDs, such as people with asthma, a history of peptic ulcer and children.
Paracetamol does not work on platelets or bleeding time.
With the dose of treatment, paracetamol metabolizes mainly through the Sulfate and Glucuronid complex reaction. A small amount usually turns into a toxic metabolite, N-acetyl-P-Benzoquinonimin (NaoQi). Naomi is detoxified by glutathion and eliminated into urine or bile.
When the metabolic is not connected to Glutathion, it will be toxic to liver cells and cause cell necrosis. Paracetamol is often safe when used for treatment, because the amount of Napqi is formed relatively low and glutathion formed in liver cells that are sufficiently associated with NAPQI.
However, when overdose or sometimes with a common dosage in some sensitive people (such as malnutrition, or drug interaction, alcoholism, genetic basis), Napqi concentration can accumulate toxic to the liver.
chlorpheniramin maleat
Clorpheniramin Maleat is an antihistamine with very little sedative effects. Like most other antihistamines, chlorpheniramine also has side effects against acetylcholine secretion, but this effect is much different between individuals.
The antihistamine effect of chlorpheniramine through the closing body competes H's receptors of the acting cells.
pharmacokinetics
paracetamol
absorption:
However, if taking high doses of paracetamol, this metabolic is formed in sufficient amount to exhaust the glutathion of the liver; In that situation, its reaction to the after -revenue group of liver protein increases, which can lead to liver necrosis.
chlorpheniramin maleat
absorption:
Before taking Pacemin hard capsules 325mg/2mg hataphar treat flu, fever, headache (10 blisters x 10 tablets)
How to use
Pacemin 325mg/2mg hard capsules for oral.
Dosage
Adults and children over 12 years: Take 2 capsules/time, each time 4-6 hours apart.
Children 6-12 years old: take 1 capsule/time, each time 4-6 hours apart.
Children under 6 years of age should be used in other forms of more appropriate content.
Attention: The distance between drinking is recommended: every 4-6 hours when necessary, but not more than 4g paracetamol (12 tablets)/a day.
The above dose is for reference only. Specific dosage depends on the condition and level of progression of the disease. For a suitable dose, you need to consult a doctor or medical specialist.What to do when overdose?
Paracetamol overdose
Expression:
Paracetamol poisoning may be due to a single dosage, or due to a large dose of paracetamol (for example, 7.5 - 10 g per day, for 1-2 days), or for long -term medication.
The liver necrosis depends on the dose is the most serious toxic effect due to overdose and can cause death.
Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain usually occur within 2-3 hours after taking the poison of the drug.
methemoglobin - blood, leading to purple blue, mucous and nail is a sign of acute poisoning P - Aminophenol; A small amount of sulfhemoglobin can also be produced.
Children tend to create methemoglobin easier than adults after taking paracetamol.
When severe poisoning, it may initially stimulate the central nervous system, agitated, and delirium. Next can be inhibiting the central nervous system; Stunned, lower body temperature, tired; Breathing fast, shallow; fast, weak, uneven circuit, low blood pressure; and circulation.
Vascular collapse due to oxygen reduction, relative blood and central inhibition effect, this effect only occurs in huge doses.
Shock may occur if a lot of vasodilation. The suffocating convulsions may occur. Often coma occurs before dying suddenly or after a few days of coma.
Clinical signs of liver lesions become clearly within 2 to 4 days after taking toxic doses.
Aminotransferase plasma increases (sometimes very high) and plasma bilirubin levels may also increase, in addition, when the liver lesions spread, the long prothrombin time.
Maybe 10% of patients with untreated poisoning have serious liver damage, out of which 10% to 20% died of liver failure.
Acute renal failure also occurs in some patients.
Liver biopsy detects central necrosis except the area around the portal vein. In cases of non -death, liver lesions recover after weeks or months.
Treatment:
Early diagnosis is important in the treatment of paracetamol overdose.
There are folds that quickly determine the concentration of drugs in plasma. However, do not postpone treatment while waiting for the test results if the history is suggested to overdose.
When severe poisoning, it is important to treat positive support. Need to wash the stomach in any case, preferably within 4 hours after drinking.
In an emergency, call the 115 emergency center immediately or go to the nearest local health station.
The main detoxification is the use of sulfhydryl compounds, perhaps partly due to the addition of glutathion reserves in the liver.
n-acetylcysteine works when taken or intravenously. Must give the drug immediately if less than 36 hours after taking paracetamol.
Treatment with N - Acetylcystein is more effective when giving the drug for less than 10 hours after taking paracetamol.
When drinking, dilute N - Acetylcystein solution with water or drink without alcohol to achieve a 5% solution and must be taken within 1 hour after mixing.
Give N - Acetylcystein at the first dose of 140 mg/kg, then give 17 more doses, each dose of 70 mg/kg each 4 hours apart. Termination of treatment if the paracetamol test in plasma shows the risk of low liver toxicity.
The unwanted effect of N - Acetylcystein includes skin rash (including urticaria, no need to stop the drug), nausea, vomiting, A flow, and anaphylactic reaction.
If there is no n - acetylcystein, methionine can be used (see specialized methionine).
Also can use activated carbon or saline, they have the ability to reduce the absorption of paracetamol.
Overdose of Clorpheniramin Maleat
Expression:
Dosage of chlorpheniramine is about 25 - 50 mg/kg body weight.
Symptoms and overdose signs include sedation, naughty stimulation often the central nervous system, mental disorders, seizures, apnea, convulsions, anti -secretion effects Acetylcholin, hypertonic reaction and cardiovascular collapse, arrhythmia.
Treatment:
Treatment of symptoms and supporting life function, especially paying special attention to liver, kidney, respiratory, heart and water balance, electrolyte.
Stomach or vomiting with ipecacuanha syrup. Then, for active carbon and bleach to limit absorption.
When experiencing hypotension and arrhythmia, it should be actively treated.
can treat convulsions by intravenous diazepam or phenytoin intravenously. May have to be blood transfusion in heavy cases.
What to do when you forget 1 dose? However, if the time to relax with the next dose is too short, skip the dose and continue the calendar of the drug. Do not use double dose to compensate for missed dose.
Side Effects
Unwanted effects (ADR) when using Pacemin 325mg/2mg that you may encounter.
paracetamol
Skin ban and other allergic reactions occasionally occur.
Usually erythema or urticaria, but sometimes worse may be added with fever due to drugs and mucosal lesions.
Patients with susceptibility to salicylate rarely hypersensitivity to paracetamol and related drugs.
A few individual cases, paracetamol causes neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and all bloody hemoglobin.
Less:
Sedative effects are very different from sleeping mild chicken to deep sleep, dizziness and irritation occurs when interrupted treatment.
However, most people are suffering from side effects when treating continuously, especially if increased from BG TY
Common
Warnings
Before using the drug you need to read the instructions carefully and refer to the information below.
Contraindicated
Pacemin 325mg/2mg contraindications in the following cases:
Hypersensitivity to one of the ingredients of the drug.
paracetamol:
chlorpheniramin maleat:
Be cautious when using
need to be very careful when taking the drug for patients in the following cases:
Because the composition of the drug has lactose, it is not used for people with galactose bruising, glucose and/or glactose or lactase -deficient syndrome (rare metabolic diseases).
paracetamol:
Doctors need to warn patients on signs of serious skin reactions such as Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic skin necrosis syndrome (Ten-Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis) or Lyell syndrome, acute over-body pustular syndrome (Acute Generalized Examthematous Pustuosis).
Serious side effects on the skin, although the incidence is not high but serious, even life-threatening including Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS), Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (Ten) or Lyell's syndrome, acute overseas acne syndrome (AGEP).
Symptoms of the above -mentioned syndrome are described as follows:
Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS):
Poisoned skin necrosis syndrome (ten) is the most severe allergic drug, including:
Excavity over -the -body pustules syndrome (AGEP):
Small sterile pustules arise on the spreading platform. Damage often appears in folds such as armpits, groin and face, then can spread the whole body. Systemic symptoms are often fever, high neutrophilic blood tests.
When detecting signs of rash on the first skin or any other hypersensitive reactions, patients need to stop using the drug.
Those who have been seriously respected by paracetamol skin reactions are not allowed to use the drug again and when they come to medical examination and treatment, they need to notify the medical staff on this issue.
chlorpheniramin maleat:
Clorpheniramine may increase the risk of urination due to the anti -acetylcholin secretion side effects, especially in people with prostate hypertrophy, urinary tract, pyloric garges, and worsen in myasthenia gravis.The sedative effect of chlorpheniramine increases when drinking alcohol and when used simultaneously with other sedatives.
There is a risk of respiratory complications, respiratory decline and apnea, which can cause very trouble in people with obstructive pulmonary disease or children. Must be cautious when there is chronic lung disease, shortness of breath or shortness of breath.
There is a risk of tooth decay in patients for long -term treatment, due to anti -secretion effects, causing dry mouth.
The drug can cause chicken sleep, dizziness, dizziness, blurring, and mental impairment in some patients and can seriously affect the ability to drive or operate the machine. Need to avoid being used for people who are driving or operating machinery.
Avoid using patients with glaucoma as glaucoma.
Use medication carefully with the elderly (> 60 years old) because these people often increase sensitivity to anti -secretion effects Acetylcholin.
Operators of train machinery because the drug is at risk of drowsiness. Prolonged use must monitor kidney function.
The ability to drive and operate machinery
should not take the drug.
Women during pregnancy and lactation
should not take the drug.
Drug interaction
paracetamol:
Long -term and high -dose Paracetamol taken increases the anticoagulant effects of COMARIN and derivatives.
This effect is less or not important in clinical, so paracetamol is preferred to use more salicylate when it is necessary to relieve mild pain or reduce fever for patients who are using cooumarin or indandion.
With Metoclopramid or domperidon, it increases the absorption of paracetamol, with Colestyramin reducing the absorption of paracetamol.
Need to pay attention to the likelihood of serious antipyretics in patients with phenothiazine and cooling therapy.
Out of alcohol too much and long may increase the risk of liver toxicity.
Anti -convulsions (including Phenytoin, Barbiturat, Carbamazepin) that causes enzyme induction in the liver microsom, can increase the toxicity of paracetamol due to increased drug conversion into toxic substances to the liver.
In addition, simultaneous use of isoniazid with paracetamol can also lead to an increased risk of toxicity to the liver but have not determined the exact mechanism of this interaction.
The risk of paracetamol toxicity to the liver significantly increases in patients who take the dose of paracetamol larger than the recommended dose while using convulsions or isoniazid.
often do not need to reduce the dose in patients with simultaneously doses of paracetamol treatment and anti -convulsions; However, patients must limit and use paracetamol themselves while taking anti -convulsions or isoniazid.
chlorpheniramin maleat:
Do not take medicine with monoamine oxydase inhibitors that prolong and increase the anti -secretion effect of acetylcholin of antihistamine drugs.
Be cautious when coordinating with sedatives causing sleep because it can increase the effect of inhibiting the central nervous system.
Do not be used with phenytoin because of the metabolic inhibitors of phenyltoc, leading to phenyltoin poisoning.
Storage
Leave a cool place, avoid light, temperature below 30⁰C.
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