Vinphacine injection 500mg/2ml Vinphaco treatment of severe infections (2 blisters x 5 tubes)

Dosage form Box of 2 blisters x 5 tubes x 2ml/tube
Specifications Amikacin

Ingredient

Thành phần cho 2ml

Composition information	Content
Amikacin	500mg

Uses

Indications

Amikacin is indicated for the treatment of severe/life -threatening bacterial infections, especially unknown cause or suspected blood infections due to gram -negative bacteria. The drug is used in combination with cephalosporin, penicillin and other antibiotics, depending on the type of infection.

Treatment must be based on bacterial culture results. Usually combined with a beta-lactam antibiotic. When the whole body infection is caused by P. Aeruginosa, in combination with Piperacilin. If endocarditis is caused by S. Faecalis or Alpha Streptococcus, in combination with ampicillin or benzylpenicilin, respectively.

To treat anaerobic bacteria, in combination with Metronidazol or another anaerobic anti -bacterial drug.

Gentamicin is still the leading drug to treat gram -negative bacteria, especially cheap. Amikacin is only specially used in cases where Gentamicin or Tobramycin can be used.

Pharmacokology

Amikacin Sulfate is a semi -synthetic antibiotic for the Aminoglycoside family. The fast bactericidal is completely attached to the subunit 30s of the bacterial ribosom and prevents bacterial protein synthesis. Aminoglycosides are seized and invaded through cell membranes is a process of air -demanding energy. Thus, aminoglycosides activity is greatly reduced in anaerobic environment. Aminoglycosides are characterized by post -antibiotic effects, meaning that the bactericidal activity remains after the serum concentration has dropped below the minimum inhibitory concentration. This feature can explain the effectiveness of a disposable drug a day.

The antibacterial activity of amikacin mainly fights the gas -negative bacillus. The drug has no anti -anaerobic bacteria and does not work in an acidic environment or has low oxygen pressure. The drug is limited for most gram -positive strept bacteria. Pneumoniae and Strept. Pyogenes resistant to strong drugs. Amikacin is a resistant aminoglycoside, most of the enzymes that are inactivated by both gram -negative and gram -positive bacteria. Therefore, the drug can be applied on other bacteria resistant to other aminoglycosides.

pharmacokinetics

After an intramuscular injection of a single dose of 7.5 g/kg amikacin for adults with normal kidney function, plasma peak concentration of 17 - 25microgam/ml is achieved for 45 minutes to 2 hours. When intravenous transmission at the same dose for 1 hour, the peak concentration in plasma is 38microgam/ml average after the transmission.

After injection, amikacin diffused quickly into the body (bone, heart, gallbladder, lung tissue, bile, phlegm, bronchial secretions, pleural fluid and solution).

Serum selling time is 2-3 hours in people with normal kidney function and 30-86 hours in people with severe renal function. Serum disposal time is 4-5 hours in children 7 days old to give birth full month or over 7 days of age, 7-8 hours in children who give birth light weight 1-3 days old. In adults with normal kidney function, 94 - 98% of single dose, intramuscular or intravenous, unchanged elimination through the glomeruli within 24 hours.

Before taking Vinphacine injection 500mg/2ml Vinphaco treatment of severe infections (2 blisters x 5 tubes)

How to use

Amikacin Sulfate is used intramuscular or intravenously.

For intravenous transmission, for adults, mix 500mg of amikacin into 100 - 200ml of normal communications such as 0.9% sodium chloride solution or 5% dextrose. The appropriate dose of amikacin must be transmitted for 30-60 minutes.

For children, the volume of infusion depends on the needs of the sick. But it must be enough to be transmitted for 1-2 hours in young children or 30 - 60 minutes in older children.

Dosage

Amikacin sulfate dose is calculated by amikacin and the same when intramuscularly or veins. The dosage must be based on the ideal weight.

The usual dose for adults and older children, with normal kidney function is 15mg/kg/day, divided into equal doses to inject 8 or 12 hours/time. The daily dose must not exceed 15mg/kg or 1.5g.

Babies and premature babies

The first loading dose 10mg/kg, followed by 7.5mg/kg 12 hours/time.

Currently there is evidence of Aminoglycoside injection 1 time/day, at least acting equal and may be less toxic when the dose is injected several times a day.

In people with kidney damage, serum amikacin concentration is necessary to carefully monitor the kidney function and adjust the dose. Based on the serum concentration and the degree of impairment of the kidneys, for people with renal failure, the doses of 75mg/kg can be used according to the time gap stated in the table below, depending on the serum creatinine concentration or the creatinine clearance.

Creatinin Serum
(micromol/liter) Creatinin clearance
(ml/min/1.7m) Dosage distance
(hour) > 100

12 24

Note: The above dose is for reference only. Specific dosage depends on the condition and level of progression of the disease. For a suitable dose, you need to consult a doctor or medical specialist.

What to do when overdose? In babies, blood can be changed.

What to do when you forget a dose? However, if close to the next dose, skip the forgotten dose and take the next dose at the time as planned. Note that it should not be used double the prescribed dose.

Side Effects

When using Vinphacine 500mg, you may experience unwanted effects (ADR).

Common, ADR> 1/100

Dizziness, proteinuria, increased creatinine, increased blood urea, reduced hearing, reading with the vestibular system such as nausea and loss of balance.

Uncommon, 1/1000

Fever, eosinophilia loves eosin, foreign rash, transaminase increased, hypertreninine blood, albuminuria, urine with red blood cells, leukocytes and small urine.

Rare, ADR

Headache, anemia, leukemia, platelet reduction, hypertension, abnormalities, tremor, myasthenia, paralysis, joint pain, deafness.

Notify the physician unwanted effects when using the drug.

Warnings

Contraindicated

Too hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides, myasthenia gravis ...

Precautions when using

Use amikacin caution, especially for the elderly and young children, because of the high risk of toxicity for the ears and the kidneys. Must monitor hearing function and kidney function. Avoid prolonged or repeated drugs. Need to avoid simultaneously or follow with other drugs that are toxic to hearing or kidneys (both body and on -site).

Do not overdose recommended.

It is necessary to quantify the serum concentration when used for people with kidney damage.

When the patient drinks plenty of water and has a normal renal function, there is little risk of being single, if not exceeding the recommended dose.

Checking the kidney function during aminoglycosides treatment in elderly patients with renal function is particularly important.

Be careful to use amikacin with people with disorders of motor activity, such as myastheniac or Parkinson, because this drug is weak, due to the cura -style effect of the medication on the neurotransmitter.

Like other antibiotics, using amikacin can cause an uncertainty microorganism. If that appears, the appropriate treatment must be conducted.

The ability to drive and operate machinery

There has been no report on the effect of the drug on the ability to drive and operate machinery.

Pregnancy

Aminoglycosides can be harmful to the fetus when used for pregnant women. If you use amikacin during pregnancy or start getting pregnant while taking the drug, the patient must be notified that it is dangerous for the fetus, including myastheniastaric syndrome. Therefore, the safe use of drugs for pregnant women has not been determined.

Breastfeeding period

It is unknown whether Amikacin is excreted into milk. According to the general principle, do not breastfeed when taking the drug, because many drugs are secreted into milk.

Medicinal interaction

Amikacin works with penicillin to inhibit the Streptpt. Faecalis and Alpha- Streptococcus. With anti -Pseudomonas penicillin (Aztreonam, Imipenem, Ceftazidim ...) to inhibit Pseudomonas and with Metronidazol or other anaerobic anti -bacterial drugs to inhibit anaerobic bacteria. The drug also affects the coordination with Nafcilin or Oxacilin to prevent Staphylococcus aureus. Amikacin is not mixed with other drugs, especially with beta-lactam antibiotics.

Storage

In a dry place, the temperature does not exceed 30 ° C, avoiding light.

Other drugs

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