Acute cystitis

Acute cystitis's disease overview

Acute cystitis is an acute inflammation in the urinary tract (accounting for> 50% of urinary tract infections). This is one of the most common diseases in the community, can be seen at any age from young to the elderly. The disease is more common in women with a female/male rate = 9/1. According to the statistics of the Urology-Kidney Association, there are 40-50% of women in adulthood, they have at least once in a lifetime suffering from acute cystitis. Once sick, the risk of recurrence or re -infection is very high.

Women are more susceptible to cystitis than men because the urethra of women is very short, so bacteria around the perineum area easily penetrate the bladder. Men with less cystitis and usually only suffer from some favorable factors that can lead to cystitis such as: lying in place in place for a long time due to paralysis or injury, urinary tract deformities, obstruction Urinary tract congestion caused by stones or prostate hypertrophy.

The majority of cases acute cystitis have clinical manifestations: often have obvious bladder syndrome with symptoms of urination, urination, may have hematuria , pus at the end of the beach. Urine tests showing urinary leukemia and urinary bacteria. There are also some cases where cystitis is not due to infection, such as: irritation to hygienic products, due to the unwanted effects of some drugs (for example, some number Anti -cancer drugs ...) ...

The treatment of acute cystitis depends on the cause of the disease (due to infection) and depends on the clinical physical that the patient suffered from (conventional acute cystitis or acute acute cystitis) .

Causes of Acute cystitis's disease

Infections caused by bacterial infections

Common bacteria:

90% of acute optical inflammation caused by bacterial infections is caused by Gram (-) bacteria, the remaining only about 10% is caused by Gram (+) bacteria. The common bacteria are:

  • Escherichia Coli (E.coli): 70 - 80% of patients.

  • Proteus Mirabilis: 10 - 15% of patients.
  • klebsiella: 5 - 10% of patients.

    • Staphylococus Saprophyticus: 5 - 10% of patients.

  • pseudomoras aeruginosa: 1 - 2% of patients.

    • Staphylococus aureus: 1 - 2% of patients.

    Favorable factors:

  • Age: The risk of bladder infection increases gradually with age
  • Gender: Women are more expensive than men (9/1 ratio)
  • Incarnation on the line of urine output due to: benign hypertrophy or prostate tumor; stones or bladder tumors; urethra stenosis, foreskin stenosis; Pregnant ...

    • People who are suffering from diseases can weaken the immune system: diabetes, cancer, HIV ...

  • Put bladder drainage or bladder intervention, urethra (eg lithotripsy, bladder screening ...).

    • Diseases cause patients to lie in a long place such as spinal cord injury, cerebral vascular accident, femur fracture, spinal injury, pelvis ... Non -bacterial cystitis

    other reasons for bladder infections include:

  • interstitial cystitis;
  • Due to drugs: certain drugs, especially chemotherapy drugs, such as cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide can cause cystitis;
  • Radiation therapy: Especially pelvic radiation therapy;
  • Chemicals found in soap, female hygiene products or spermicide, talc powder ... can cause irritation when used, leading to cyclitis leading to cystitis Quang.

    • Symptoms of Acute cystitis's disease

    Symptoms of acute cystitis often appear suddenly and cause much discomfort to the patient. Common symptoms of acute cystitis include:

    Clinical symptoms:
  • Bladder syndrome: Including symptoms of pain (pain or burning sensation when urinating), urinating (urinating many times, each time only only Go a little, the feeling of urination does not end), can be hematurated, pus at the end of the beach.
  • There may be mild pain in the pubic joint when the bladder is tight. However, there are cases where patients have a lot of pain, even pain spread to the urethra and vulva (with women). The pain often decreases or is over after urinating.
  • Sometimes typical symptoms, only burning when urinating or urinating.
  • usually no fever or only mild fever (temperature <38oC).
    • Subclinical:

    urine test:

  • The regular urine test is often seen: positive leukocytes from (++) to (+++) (≥ 104 leukocytes/ml), nitrite (+), maybe There is erythrocyte or not.
  • Urine on the microscope shows a degenerative polygon or> 3 leukocytes/microscopic.
  • Urine implant: Urinary bacteria ≥ 105/ml of urine. However, only need to implant urine when there is favorable cause, normal treatment does not respond, recurrence or patients are male.
  • There is no proteinuria unless there is hematuria, pus.

    • Blood test:

    Blood test indicators are usually small or unchanged, so they often do not need tests

    Bladder ultrasound:

    It can be seen that the image of the bladder is thicker than usual

    Prevention of Acute cystitis's disease

    The following living habits can help you reduce and prevent cystitis, including:

  • Drink plenty of water. Should consult a doctor for the amount of water suitable for your health status;
  • urinate when you feel urinating, should not endure;
  • Wipe from before after urination if you are female;

    • Avoid the use of vaginal douches or female hygiene drugs;

  • Shower instead of bathing;
  • Should wear spacious underwear made from cotton and should change underwear every day;
  • Use tampons instead of tampons during menstruation;

    • Avoid using a diaphragm or spermicide;

    urinate before and after sex.

    As mentioned above, due to the very short structure of the urinary tract of women, they are prone to acute cystitis. Although the disease can be easily treated with antibiotics, women are often uncomfortable when they get sick. The application of the aforementioned hygiene measures can significantly reduce the risk of disease and recurrence. Pay attention to the instructions on how to prevent cystitis simple but the results will certainly be unexpectedly effective.

    Diagnostic measures for Acute cystitis's disease

    Diagnosis of acute cystitis is often not complicated because most cases have typical symptoms and tests for diagnosis of high sensitivity, non -complicated and can be tested a lot. time.

    Acute cystitis's disease treatments

    Treatment needs to comply with the following 3 principles

  • Anti -bacterial treatment (using antibiotics in accordance with the regimen)
  • eliminating favorable factors that can lead to acute cystitis, etc. such as: Treatment of lithotripsy or gravel surgery, prostate edema surgery, helping patients Lying in a long time to restore the ability to exercise, limit or avoid the use of irritants leading to cystitis ...
  • Renuming prophylaxis: For risk factors that cannot be changed (for example, women during pregnancy, marrow paralysis or a crown accident ...) or in patients that the disease recurs many times. At this time, it is necessary to prevent prophylaxis.

    • Preventive treatment includes:

  • Should drink enough water to reach the urine at least> 1.5 liters/24 hours. Not to stop urinating for more than 6 hours.
  • Treatment eliminates the causes of the urinary tract.

    • In many cases, acute cystitis causes patients to be very uncomfortable and painful, then we need to pay attention France does not use drugs) to reduce discomfort for patients. The recommended measures include:

  • Drink plenty of water,
  • Warm water bath,
  • warm the lower abdomen,
  • Avoid coffee, spicy food, wine, juice of sour fruits such as oranges, tangerines, lemons ...
  • In case of a lot of pain, patients may consider using pain for patients.

    • For conventional acute cystitis: usually has good prognosis, completely from a short antibiotic (3-5 days). However, if not treated properly and thoroughly (sufficient regimen); The bacteria are likely to go upstream on the ureter, pyelonephritis causing nephritis and acute pyelonephritis. This is a dangerous medical emergency condition, at risk of progressing into a high poisoning infection.

  • If the disease recurs 4 times or more in 1 year, it is necessary to treat prophylaxis.
  • When the inflammation lasts or relapses, leaving many scars, it will be diagnosed with chronic cystitis.

    • For acute cystitis with favorable causes or complications of another pathology, the prognosis is more reserved. In addition to treating antibiotics against infections, it is necessary to treat the cause of favorable causes if possible to treat it to have good prognosis. Antibiotic antibiotic therapy requires longer.

    When there are manifestations of the disease, patients need to see a doctor immediately, for specialists to examine, assess the condition, find the cause of the disease, thereby choosing antibiotics as well as sketches appropriate treatment. Absolutely do not arbitrarily buy medication without a doctor's prescription. The disease will become dangerous if not detected, timely treatment as well as definitive treatment.

    You should seek medical care immediately if you have any symptoms of kidney infection, including:

  • Pain in the back or side, called rib pain

    • High fever (≥39 degrees C)

  • chills
    • nausea or vomiting

    See also:

  • What is the volume of urine? Meaning of each parameter in urine test
  • Signs and cure for urinary tract inflammation in women
  • Urinary infection during pregnancy: Causes, identification signs, how to prevent
  • Is acute cystitis dangerous?

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