Acute myocardial infarction

Acute myocardial infarction's disease overview

What is

What is acute myocardial infarction?

Acute myocardial infarction is an anemia that nourishes myocardium completely due to many causes of myocardial necrosis. This disease has a very high mortality rate with 25% of patients with dying myocardial infarction during the acute phase of the disease, and often before being emergency at medical facilities. On the other hand, patients in the group were hospitalized for treatment also faced many other serious complications such as arrhythmia, ventricular vibration, blood vessel embolism, heart failure, pericarditis, heart failure ... Severe consequences, life -threatening. The ventricular vibration is The most dangerous complication of myocardial infarction . 

According to the World Health Organization, more than 7.2 million people died from coronary artery disease in 2004 and about 57 million people died from cardiovascular disease in 2008, including 17.3 million people died of vascular disease. Ring, accounting for about 31%. According to the National Heart Institute of Vietnam, in 2003, 4.2% of patients were hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction and increased to 9.1% in 2007. Currently, in our country, there is no full statistics on This pathology, however, the incidence and mortality rate of myocardial infarction are tending to increase.

Acute myocardial infarction is the most severe form of local myocardial ischemia. The disease usually starts suddenly, and needs urgent treatment at the hospital. Currently, the treatment of acute myocardial infarction is very concerned and achieved many remarkable steps. The decisive factor in treatment is time, the sooner the patient is discovered and hospitalized, the better the prognosis compared to those who are delayed.

Causes of Acute myocardial infarction's disease

The direct cause of acute myocardial infarction is a deficiency of blood flow to nourish myocardial tissue. Like other organs in the human body, the heart muscle also needs blood to nourish and function. Coronary artery is the main artery that nourishes the heart muscle. For any reason, when the blood flow through the coronary artery decreases suddenly and lasts for a certain period of time, myocardial cells will lack oxygen, necrosis and cause superior myocardial infarction disease. clinical. 

Coronary atherosclerosis is the leading cause of acute myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis in the artery narrowing of arteries leads to a decrease in the blood flow nourishing the heart muscle slowly. Acute myocardial infarction only occurs when the plaque cracks out of the vascular wall and moves, forming blood clots with many platelets that adhere to the surrounding, causing complete obstruction.

Coronary artery interventions such as coronary artery stent petrol or coronary artery sphere can also be the cause of acute myocardial infarction. Blood clots can be formed in stent places that completely clog the coronary artery.

Blood clots in the coronary artery can also be formed from the following causes:

  • Infections infections

    • Artificial heart valve

    mucous

  • thrombosis into heart
  • Vascular disease such as Takayasu, Kawashaki
  • Pathology increases in winter

    • Myocardial infarction can also occur due to non -blood clots such as coronary spasms, aortic dissection, congenital aortic deformities. . These causes account for a low proportion and are often difficult to survey.

    Symptoms of Acute myocardial infarction's disease

    Symptoms of myocardial infarction are not the same in all patients, the degree of manifestation depends on the severity of the disease, directly related to the necrotic area of ​​the heart muscle. 

    Angina is a typical symptom of the disease. The patient suddenly felt severe chest behind the breastbone, feeling like something was overwritten, lasting for about 5 to 15 minutes. Chest pain in the heart attack Lan Lan along the arms on the shoulders, neck and lower jaw. When pain, patients may appear symptoms such as sweating, nausea, dizziness, shortness of breath ... Common painkillers do not help reduce symptoms.

    Some acute myocardial infarction patients do not have clear and specific clinical manifestations that make it difficult to diagnose the disease early. Diarrhea, abdominal feeling, indigestion, coma, arrhythmia can be a symptom that causes patients with myocardial infarction to be hospitalized. In these situations, the diagnosis is easy to confuse to other diseases that are dangerous to the lives of patients.

    When examining a doctor, you can detect symptoms such as:

  • Hemodynamic disorders: Blood pressure may increase due to increased catecholamine secretion or decrease if there is severe heart failure; The circuit can be very fast or slow
  • Floating neck veins
  • Listen to the lungs to see Rale
  • Hearing the heart of the heart is usually small

    • Transmission route of Acute myocardial infarction's diseaseAcute myocardial infarction

    Acute myocardial infarction is not transmitted from patients to healthy people. In fact, sometimes many people in the same family can be infected. However, this can be explained by the background diseases that lead to acute myocardial infarction such as hypertension, diabetes, etc.

    People at risk for Acute myocardial infarction's disease

    Acute myocardial infarction is likely to appear higher in people with the following characteristics:

  • Sex
  • Over 55

    • Family history of people with myocardial infarction or cardiovascular diseases, coronary artery -related diseases.

  • Smoking in large quantities, lasting for many years
  • Lazy movement
  • A diet high in saturated, unreasonable fat
    • overweight, obesity

    Hyper cholesterol

    Diabetes

    Hypertension

  • Blood coagulation disease
  • Stress, stress, depression, social isolation

    • Prevention of Acute myocardial infarction's disease

    Because of the dangerous properties of the disease, the prevention of disease and limiting acute myocardial infarction is very concerned. This can be done by the following measures:

  • No smoking
  • Eat lots of green vegetables and fruits, limit foods that are high in saturated fat
  • Exercise at least 30 minutes/ day for 3 days/ week
  • Building a happy and balanced lifestyle, avoiding psychological stress
  • Maintain a balanced body, not to be obese
  • Treatment of good blood pressure control and blood sugar if suffering from hypertension, diabetes
  • Come to the medical facility immediately when detecting abnormal symptoms

    • Diagnostic measures for Acute myocardial infarction's disease

    Diagnosis of myocardial infarction should have a combination of historical exploitation, clinical and subclinical symptoms as follows:

  • Electrolyte (ECG): St difference and wave change are the common manifestations of acute myocardial infarction. The appearance of Q wave proves that the heart muscle has been necrotic and scar. The location of electrodes appears the waves that suggest the location of the affected myocardial region. However, it should be noted in some cases of myocardial infarction, the patient's electrocardiogram is still completely normal.

    • Quantify heart enzymes: Troponin i, troponin t, ckmb are the pointed substances when the heart muscle is damaged, increasing after a few hours.

    coronary angiography: is the most accurate diagnostic method to help decide the treatment for each patient. 

    Acute myocardial infarction's disease treatments

    Treatment of acute myocardial infarction should be conducted urgently, complying with the principle of enhancing oxygen to the heart muscle by combining the following methods:

    for patients to breathe oxygen

    Drugs

    The groups of drugs have the effect of coronary artery dilatation and melting blood clots are many groups of drugs prescribed in acute myocardial infarction.

  • Aspirin: has anti -plateletical effects, preventing the growth of blood clots.
    • glyceryl trinitrate: has the effect of relaxing blood vessels, increasing the amount of blood through the congestion to the heart
  • Streptokinase, Urokinase: Has a blood clot effect

    • In addition, Morphin is also recommended to use to relieve pain, helping patients less panicked. 

    Interventions
  • The skin of the coronary artery through the skin is the most widely used method in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. The catheter is placed through the femoral artery or rotating artery to the coronary artery in the heart, wide open the artery, breaking the plaque. This is a highly effective treatment, restoring 90-95% of blood flow through coronary artery.
  • Coronary artery surgery, turning off through a narrow place is a more intensive method, applied when intervention of coronary artery intervention through the skin failed, or myocardial infarction. There have been complications, coronary coronary artery. 

    • See also:

  • Acute myocardial infarction treatment > Warning the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction when the weather is cold /strong>

    • Disclaimer

    Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Drugslib.com is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Drugslib.com information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Drugslib.com does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Drugslib.com's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Drugslib.com's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners.

    The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Drugslib.com does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Drugslib.com provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.

    Popular Keywords