Amoeba dysentery

Amoeba dysentery's disease overview

Acute amoeba dysentery is a gastrointestinal infectious disease caused by amoeba (Entamoeba Histolytica). This is a parasite infection in the intestinal tract caused by unicellular organisms like Entamoeba Histolytica (E.Histolytica). The disease often has prolonged progression and easy to become chronic if not treated properly.

dysentery is often damaged in the colon. Although, most people with dysentery due to amoeba will have no serious symptoms, some people have specific clinical manifestations called dysentery syndrome including 3 main symptoms: abdominal cramps ( Abdominal pain is squeezed, usually in the right pelvic area), squeezing and going out "fake" (often the feeling of pushing after each cramping pain, going outside must push a lot and if prolonged can lead to variables Hemorrhoids or rectal mucosa) and many times, bloody stools ....

The large intestine is the favorite place for parasites. Therefore, the patient's feces are the most important source of infection. Especially in poor hygiene conditions, they can pollute the water. Fruits and vegetables may be infected if grown in places where people are used as fertilizer. The parasite can be transmitted from the dirty hands of those infected to others. Flies are also a dangerous disease transmission agent through food contamination.

About 10% of the world's population is infected with amoeba, especially those living in Mexico, India, Central America, South America, Africa and tropical areas of Asia. In developed industrial countries, amoeba dysentery is common in immigrants and tourists visiting countries that circulate dysentery due to amoeba.

Causes of Amoeba dysentery's disease

is a single form of a single organism called Entamoeba Histolytica (E.Histolytica), the life cycle of dysentery is divided into 2 periods: the active period (also called the auto -cycle) and the time. Vacation (cocoon). In the process of existence, depending on the living conditions, the dysentery can be shifted from the state of operation to the cocoon and vice versa.

Humans are the only host of dysentery. Therefore, the source of the disease is mostly sick; people with chronic diseases; The germs are asymptomatic. This is a dangerous source of disease. People with acute diseases are less likely to be infected by amoeba, which is easy to die when leaving the host.

Symptoms of Amoeba dysentery's disease

There are 3 clinical forms of amoeba dysentery: people carrying asymptomatic pathogens, acute amoeba dysentery and chronic amoeba dysentery.

In acute amoeba dysentery, the disease has the following clinical manifestations:

Incubation period: lasts 1-2 weeks, sometimes a few months.

Starting: usually slowly, sometimes acute. Clinical manifestations are mainly tired, anorexia, abdominal pain, often without fever or if there is only a mild fever, the patient feels normal health.

The full phase: Dysentery syndrome is a characteristic lesions with the following manifestations:

Abdominal cramps: Patients with dull pain along the colon frame, occasionally appear cramping pain, usually in the right pelvis (the ileum area - the end of the small intestine), accompanied by It was a feeling of sadness, going out after finishing pain but quickly appeared pain.

Pan: Go out the day from a few times to dozens of times. When going out, the patient did not feel all the stool. Therefore, the patient always feels sad to go out, causing the patient to constantly push (push). Most of each push, the patient goes in the stool with mucus and blood. However, there are times of pushing, the patient does not go outside the fertilizer (going out). This is a typical symptom of the disease.

Change of fecal properties: The first few days of stool is usually liquid, thick, with little mucus and less blood. Later, the stool is mainly mucus, blood. The mucus of the amoeba dysentery is like a banana plastic, standing separately, without blood, adhesive.

The disease is easy to progress to chronic if not treated or treated incorrectly. But if treated in the right direction, the disease is cured after 7-10 days.

complications of acute amoeba dysentery:

Peritomatitis due to intestinal perforation: is a dangerous complication due to difficulty diagnosis because the evolution of the disease often occurs slowly and not typical. Amoeba dysentery is often caused by the puncture of the cecum's ileum (the last part of the small intestine), so it is easy to confuse with the appendix. Perfect peritonitis in dysentery patients often cause localized peritonitis, or have chronic and thick, chronic movements around the chronic cecum.

intestinal bleeding: Common, but usually mild.

Liver abscess: Because amoeba moves to the liver and causes, the manifestations may include fever, nausea, vomiting and pain on the right of the upper abdomen, fast weight loss and liver.

Other complications (rarer):

U Amip (Amoeboma) colon: Usually in the cecum or colon, lost when treating specific dysentery extermination.

colon polyps: is the cause or stimulation of cancer, so early detection and early surgery.

Rectal mucosa: Often occurring in patients with chronic amoeba dysentery recurring many times.

Appendicitis caused by amoeba: usually severe because of the appendicitis alone, there is no indication for specific treatment of extermination of amoeba after surgery.

Transmission route of Amoeba dysentery's diseaseAmoeba dysentery

Diseases spread by eating, people with infected food sources or through cocoon infections. Flies and Nhan are two important intermediaries. Frye and Meleney (1936) showed ¾ The number of flies in the dysentery patient with cysts.

E.Histolytica often goes into the human body when they eat food or drink water containing its follicles. Another way to penetrate the body is through direct contact with feces. Cysts are a form of operation of parasites that can live for a few months in soil or the environment where they are deposited in the feces. Cyst can appear in soil, fertilizer or water contaminated by feces.

During the anal or douching process, you may also be transmitted.

When the cyst penetrates the body, they live in the digestive tract. After that, parasites reproduce in the digestive tract and move to the large intestine. There, they can penetrate deep into the intestinal or colon wall, causing bleeding, colitis and destroying epithelium. If they invade a internal organs, they are likely to cause:

abscess;

infection;

More severe illness;

death.

There are many factors that increase the risk of acute amoeba dysentery, such as:

countries in the tropical region with poor hygiene conditions;

Those who travel to places in the tropics have poor hygiene conditions;

Immigrants from other countries in the tropics with poor hygiene conditions;

People living in establishments with poor hygiene conditions, such as prison;

Homosexual relationships;

People with immunodeficiency.

Prevention of Amoeba dysentery's disease

Based on the following clinical and subclinical signs:

Clinical: Patients often do not have fever, have dysentery syndrome (as described above); clear, there are chrysanthemum ulcers, scattered on the surface of the mucosa; Thanh (as Elisa) is not necessary;

PCR has the equivalent value.

Diagnostic measures for Amoeba dysentery's disease

Improving the quality of environmental sanitation is the key to prevent dysentery due to amoeba. Besides, it is necessary to ensure safety and hygiene: by:

cooked, drink cooked water; Fruits and vegetables carefully before eating; Avoid eating fresh fruits or vegetables, unless washed and peeled;

Avoid using milk, cheese or other non -sterilized dairy products;

Special treatment must be well treated for drinking water and wastewater sources:

Use bottled water, beverage without alcohol. Because drinking water with Clore at drinking concentration is not enough to kill the amoeba. Therefore, avoid using ice in stone processing facilities or drink water in the fountain. Cooked filtered water should be used.

Patient management, fertilizer source: Patients with amoeba dysentery must be treated with specific medication (best inpatient treatment at the hospital), only for patients When the hospital was discharged when the feces were discovered 2 times, the amoeba was discovered. Stool sticky clothes must be washed and disinfected. Every people absolutely do not defecate out of the environment. Do not use fresh feces for animal husbandry and in agriculture.

Treatment of dysentery cocoon people: in places with collective kitchens such as schools, kindergartens, army units ..., or restaurants and restaurants Variation and serving and drinking must be tested periodically every 6 months to detect dysentery amoeba. Treatment of cocoons and temporarily transferring working positions during the treatment period for individual cocoons.

Amoeba dysentery's disease treatments

Principles in amoeba dysentery level include: Amoebirth, symptomatic treatment and complication treatment if any.

E.Histolytica can easily be destroyed by drugs available on the market such as: Nitroimidazoles antibiotics; Emetin; ...

Treatment of pain relief and combined bacterial infection;

Surgical intervention to solve complications such as appendicitis, colon hole stitching, liver abscess ...

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