Aortic valve stenosis

Aortic valve stenosis's disease overview

Heart is like a pump that takes blood to feed the body. The structure of the heart consists of two atrial and two ventricle. The atrial must be separated from the right ventricle by the three -leaf valve, the left atrium separated from the left ventricle by the mitral valve. In a heart movement, blood from the atrium down to ventricular through the mitral valve and the three -leaf valve. The blood will then be cured by the heart to the aorta and the pulmonary artery. The heart valve disease will change the blood process, gradually will cause heart failure. This article will refer to the disease aortic valve stenosis.

Normally during the systolic period, the mitral valve closed, the aortic valve opened, the blood was sent from the left ventricular to the aorta. The aortic valve stenosis is the condition that the valve is opened without all, hindering the blood being exposed to the period of circulation, causing reducing cardiac supply, reducing the perfusion of organs.

Causes of Aortic valve stenosis's disease

There are three causes of aortic valve stenosis :

  • Extraordinary congenital valve leaves: Disease of aortic valve valve, one leaf of valve

    • Calcification of valve leaves

  • Low valve disease

    • Symptoms of Aortic valve stenosis's disease

  • Aortic valve stenosis may have no symptoms for many years. When the patient has symptoms, it is necessary to intervene or replace the valve replacement surgery. The classic symptoms of the aortic valve stenosis include:
  • Chest pain: Especially chest pain during exertion. Chest pain caused by stenosis has many mechanisms, possibly due to increased oxygen demand due to increased left ventricular mass, due to decrease in coronary flow ... Sometimes chest pain is very similar to the chest pain of myocardial anemia due to Coronary artery disease. On the other hand, the rate of coronary stenosis in patients with stenosis is also higher than usual, accounting for about 50% of patients with aortic valve stenosis
  • Difficulty breathing: Difficulty breathing due to left ventricle can not afford to get blood through the valve to be narrowed to provide the body when active. If breathing difficulties during rest, left ventricular function may have greatly decreased.
  • Dizziness and fainting: due to anemia on the brain. There are also many mechanisms that contribute to the cerebral anemia in the aortic valve stenosis: the elements of vasodilation when operating, transient slow rhythm disorders ...
  • Examination can see the systolic blow in the aortic valve
  • In addition, the dangerous aortic valve stenosis complications may occur:
  • Sudden death: Patients with tight aortic valve stenosis have a high risk of sudden death. The risk of sudden death in patients with tight aortic valve stenosis has no symptoms of about 1%, but when symptoms of this figure are 8-34%. The cause of the sudden death is thought to activate the pressure receptors in the ventricular heart causing abnormal slow rhythms, reducing myocardial contraction and hypotension. Another cause may be due to ventricular arrhythmia.
  • Arrhythmic disorders: Disregity in ventricular, atrial block can occur, usually when the heart muscle is too enriched, ventricular arrhythmia, arrhythmia On ventricular can also occur when there is a left ventricular failure
  • Infectious endocarditis: endocarditis can occur in patients with aortic valve stenosis, especially the two -leaf aortic valve valve. The higher the pressure difference through the valve, the greater the risk of endocarditis

    • There are also other complications such as heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, increased risk of hemorrhage (gastrointestinal bleeding, skin bleeding, mucosa, etc.)

    People at risk for Aortic valve stenosis's disease

    Risk factors for the progression of aortic valve stenosis:

  • Elderly
  • Men

    • Hyper cholesterol

  • Smoking

    • Renal failure

    Diabetes

    Metabolic syndrome

    Prevention of Aortic valve stenosis's disease

  • Quit smoking
  • Healthy diet: lots of green vegetables, fruits, reducing animal fat instead of vegetable oil, limiting the eating of animal organs

    • Exercise: At least 30 minutes a day, 5 days per week

    Weight loss if overweight

  • Control of blood lipid disorders, blood sugar

    • Keep the oral hygiene clean, avoid dental infections, thoroughly treat the sore throat due to streptococcal sore throat

    Diagnostic measures for Aortic valve stenosis's disease

  • Echocardiogram: is a must -do vehicle to diagnose the aortic valve stenosis. On an echocardiography, the valve is the morphology, valve stenosis, valve difference, valve hole area, other valve diseases accompanying, heart function
  • Electrolyte: Can see signs of left ventricular hypertrophy, signs of coronary artery disease, arrhythmia ..

    • chest X-ray: usually does not diagnose the aortic valve stenosis based on X-ray film. In some cases, the aortic valve can be seen when tilting films

    Aortic valve stenosis's disease treatments

    Treatment of aortic valve stenosis is mainly a decision to see what time should replace the valve. There are two current valve replacement methods: valve replacement surgery or skin aortic valve replacement (Tavi). In previous years, the valve replacement surgery was given priority than Tavi, Tavi was only considered in patients with high risk of surgery. But now, the latest update in March 2019, the appointment of Tavi has been expanded to patients with low risk of surgery, with benefits proven to be equal to surgery, but the cost of replacing dynamic valves The dominant vessel is still very high.

    Normally, it is necessary to indicate the replacement of the aortic valve in the case of a tight aortic valve stenosis, clinical symptoms have appeared. If the aortic valve stenosis is tight without symptoms, it is necessary to replace the valve when the heart function decreases (EF <50%) or a decrease in the ability to do exertion.

    There is no specific treatment for medical treatment to reduce the progression of aortic valve stenosis, mainly to treat the accompanying diseases. Do not use vasodilators such as inhibiting enzymes, inhibiting AT1 receptors, nitroglycerin because it can cause cardiac weight reduction. Precautions when using diuretics, sympathetic beta blockers.

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