Asthma

Asthma's disease overview

Asthma is the folk name of bronchial asthma . This is a chronic respiratory disease that can be seen in both children and adults. The disease occurs due to the body reacting to primitive allergies, related to genetic factors and external environmental agents. 

Asthma greatly affects daily activities and physical activities of the patient. Asthma is a disease that cannot be completely cured, but the compliance with treatment is helpful in controlling the symptoms of the disease ..

Causes of Asthma's disease

The cause of asthma is not really well understood. Many experts believe that pathogens have a combination of environmental factors and genetic factors. The exposure to allergens may onset the symptoms of clinical asthma. The reaction of the body against the onset factors leads to abnormalities in the respiratory tract such as bronchospasm, increased secretion of mucus and bronchitis

The element of allergens causing asthma is very diverse and different depending on the patient, including:

  • Above respiratory infections caused by bacteria, viruses
  • cold air
  • dust, cigarette smoke, chemicals in the air
  • House
  • Stress emotion, stress

    • Physical exercise

  • Some drugs such as: Beta, Aspirin, ibuprofen, Naproxen
  • Some specific foods and drinks such as shrimp, processed potatoes, dried fruits, beer, wine
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease.

    • Symptoms of Asthma's disease

    Clinically varying asthma vary depending on the patient. Patients may often face bronchial asthma attacks or only after the onset of physical exercise. 

    Asthma has specific clinical manifestations such as:

  • Quick breathing, shortness of breath
    • cough, sputum, worse when there is an upper respiratory tract infection
  • Sleeing, wheezing. This is a sign to help diagnose asthma in children.
  • Feeling of choking or chest pain
  • Sleep disorders, snoring due to shortness of breath, cough, whistling appear at night.
  • In shortness of breath, listening to the lungs, scattered.

    • When the disease progresses more severe, the frequency of appearance of asthma attacks is thicker, the symptoms of shortness of breath become more severe and the patient needs to be used for cutting drugs The inhalation is more frequent.  

    Patients need to identify signs of a severe and life -threatening bronchial asthma attacks to promptly go to health facilities:

  • Breathing or breathing progress heavily more quickly

    • Symptoms of non -relaxing after using bronchodilators acting quickly by inhalation at home like albuterol.

    Symptoms appear when the patient is resting or only mild activity.

    Transmission route of Asthma's diseaseAsthma

    Vì bệnh ảnh hưởng nhiều đến chất lượng cuộc sống nên nhiều người lo lắng bệnh có thể lây nhiễm giữa người và người. Tuy nhiên, tác nhân gây bệnh hen suyễn không phải là vi khuẩn, virus hay các ký sinh trùng nên đây không phải là một bệnh truyền nhiễm. Việc dùng chung các vật dụng sinh hoạt hay tiếp xúc thân mật, thường xuyên với người bị bệnh hen suyễn không gây bệnh cho người khác. 

    Dacinitude allergens related to environmental factors and genetic factors only show that asthma is a genetic disease, not an infectious disease. This can explain that many family members have the same asthma. 

    >> Which of the asthma is transmitted?

    People at risk for Asthma's disease

    Many factors have been shown to increase the likelihood of asthma and symptoms of bronchial asthma attacks. The identification of risk factors is helpful in controlling symptoms and lifestyle changes. Most are involved in increasing exposure to diseases, including:

  • Have a family member in the family

    • Being asthma is more likely to have asthma than girls. By the age of 20, the incidence of the disease is not different between the two sexes, and after 40 years of age, women tend to be more infected.

    History of allergies, diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis overweight, obesity

  • Smoking or exposure to cigarette smoke

    • Career -related factors such as dust, chemicals used in agriculture and construction.

    Prevention of Asthma's disease

    It should be affirmed that there is no measure to prevent asthma. However, people with the disease can completely prevent bronchial asthma attacks in the following ways:

  • Influenza vaccine
  • Determine and avoid exposure to allergens on initiating asthma attack
  • Identify the notification signs of a cough, shortness of breath, or hissing.
  • Treatment of bronchial asthma attacks as soon as possible, helping to prevent severe progression of progression
  • Compliance with treatment. Do not arbitrarily stop using the drug as soon as the symptoms are relieved. 
  • Re -appointments according to appointments, ensuring compliance with the treatment plan and control of asthma that the doctor set.

    • It is necessary to see a doctor as soon as there are signs of severe asthma attacks. 

    Attention to increase the frequency of the use of inhaled drugs quickly because this sign means that asthma disease in patients has not been well controlled.

    Diagnostic measures for Asthma's disease

    Diagnosis of asthma in most cases is not too difficult, but asthma in children is not easy to be diagnosed because there is no agreement and agreement with a definition of a definition. Suitable.

    Diagnosis of asthma often coordinates between, history, clinical examination and subclinical tests.

    Prehistorical exploitation and clinical examination help doctors eliminate diseases with similar symptoms with asthma such as respiratory infections or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). >

    In addition, subclinical tests should be done for determining and prognosis, including:

  • Respiratory signs: Assess the level of bronchial narrow by checking the volume and gas speed after breathing deeply.

    • Some basic respiratory indicators:

  • VC (Vital Capacity): Full gas volume
  • FVC (Forced Vital Capacity): The volume of total gas when exhaled exertion during one breath.
    • Fev1 (Forced expiratory volume in one second): The volume of exhalation in the first second.
  • PEF (Peak expiratory Flow): Peak flow

    • From there, the patient's ventilation disorder is determined. People with bronchial asthma have a clogged ventilation disorder (shown with the decreased FEV1 parameters, reducing the Tiffeau FEV1/VC, VC and FVC can be reduced after performing bronchodilator test ( Showed with FEV1 increased by more than 12% or an increase of 200ml compared to before testing). 

  • Measuring peak flow (PEF): PEF decreases is a manifestation of weakening lung function and asthma that is getting worse.
  • Radiology: Detection of complications and accompanying diseases. 

    • Immune tests help determine the allergens that cause bronchial asthma such as:

    Skin test test (skin prick test), often used to detect common allergens such as houses, pollen, pet hair.

    Determine IgE concentration

    Asthma's disease treatments

    Although asthma is not a disease that can be completely cured, the treatment of the disease of the disease plays an important role, solving problems that adversely affect the lives of patients. 

    Asthma treatment includes the following goals:

  • Identify and avoid the onset of asthma attacks

    • Medicines need to ensure the control of symptoms of the disease.

    Many drugs are prescribed in asthma treatment, including:

  • Inhaled corticosteroids: This is the most commonly used drug in the treatment of asthma. The drug has the effect of reducing inflammation in the bronchi caused by allergens. 
  • Oral corticosteroids: The drug has a short effect and quickly reduces bronchial asthma attacks. However, this drug group has many side effects if used for a long time. 
  • anti -Leukotriene: Leucotrien is an inflammatory substance created by the immune system. This drug group is usually only for mild asthma and is used in combination with other drugs, with little side effects. 
  • Short -acting beta -shipped medicine (SABAS): Has a bronchodilator effect, used to cut bronchial asthma attacks. 
  • Beta -active agreement (Labas): has the same effect as Sabas drug group but the effect time is longer for the purpose of controlling bronchial asthma attacks. 
  • Omalizumab (xolair): is indicated in cases of allergic asthma due to reduced amount of free IgE. 
  • Immunotherapy: Patients are sensitive to discharge of disease. 
  • Theophylline: Has a bronchodilator and alveoli effect, is now rarely used.
    • Change lifestyle

    In addition to using the above drugs, asthma patients need to change their lifestyle, occupation, avoiding abnormalities to increase the effectiveness of treatment. .

    See also:

  • Which of the asthma is spread?
  • Is the bronchial asthma in pregnant women dangerous?
  • Things to know about Hen Seretide spray
  • Vinmec doctor instructions for using a common spray bottle Berodual, Ventolin

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