Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis's disease overview

atherosclerosis is a damaged endometrium to form a scar, causing thickening of blood vessels, hardening, and narrowing of the vessels. These pathological changes cause platelets to adhere to the thrombosis that causes congestion. At the same time, this thrombosis can peel off and break into many small pieces into the circulatory system that causes blood vessel embolism to create an infarction. Because the endothelium is damaged, the blood vessels are crispy, easy to bulge arteries causing cerebral hemorrhage. When a stroke occurs, the blood supply of the brain stops sudden, causing lack of oxygen and nutrients to the brain areas, leading to the death of nerve cells. At this time, the patient has manifestations such as face paralysis, headache, movement paralysis, language disorders, mental disorders ... The patient quickly died if not emergency in time. Many cases are rescued but may be disabled for life, reduce life expectancy and no longer work, difficult to integrate into normal life.

So what is What is atherosclerosis and symptoms, how to prevent it will have details in the article below. 

Causes of Atherosclerosis's disease

Atherosclerosis is a slow progression, which may start early in childhood. Although Causes of atherosclerosis are unknown, atherosclerosis can start with injury or injury in the inner layer of the artery caused by:

  • High blood pressure

    • High cholesterol

    high triglyceride, a type of fat (lipid) in the blood

  • Smoking and other tobacco products
  • resistance of insulin, obesity or diabetes

    • inflammation from diseases, such as arthritis, lupus or infection, or unknown inflammation

    Once the inner wall of the artery is damaged, blood cells and other substances often clove at the injury position and accumulate in the inner lining of the artery.

    Over time, the more fat accumulates from cholesterol and other cell products also cling to the injury and hardening, narrowing the arteries of the patient. The organs and tissues are connected to the blocked arteries and then do not receive enough blood to function normally. Finally, the pieces of fat can break and penetrate the blood. In addition, the smooth lining of plaque can break, spill cholesterol and other substances into the blood. This can cause blood clots that block blood flow to a specific part of the body, such as occurring when blood flow blocked blood to the brain causes stroke. Blood clots can also move to other parts of the body, blocking the flow to another organ.

    Symptoms of Atherosclerosis's disease

    Atherosclerosis grows gradually. Mild atherosclerosis usually does not have any symptoms. Patients often have no symptoms of atherosclerosis until the artery is narrowed or blocked to the point that it is impossible to provide enough blood to the organs and tissue. Sometimes a blood clot completely prevents blood flow or even broken and can cause a heart attack or stroke. Symptoms of atherosclerosis from average to severe depend on the affected arteries. If atherosclerosis, patients may have signs and symptoms such as numbness or sudden weakness in the arms or legs, difficult to speak or speak slowly, loss of temporary vision in one eye or drooping down the face muscles. These signals are a transient anemia (ray), if not treated, can progress into stroke.

    When to see a doctor?

    If the patient thinks that atherosclerosis himself, see a specialist. Patients also need to pay attention to early symptoms of blood flow, such as angina, leg pain or numbness.Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent atherosclerosis from deteriorating and prevent heart attacks, stroke or patients have to go to emergency due to atherosclerosis.

    Transmission route of Atherosclerosis's diseaseAtherosclerosis

    Atherosclerosis is not an infectious disease, therefore, it is unable to transmit from patients to healthy people. 

    People at risk for Atherosclerosis's disease

    The hardness of the arteries occurs over time. Besides aging, factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include:

  • High blood pressure

    • High cholesterol

    diabetes

    obesity

  • Smoking and using other tobacco products

    • Family history of cardiovascular disease early less exercise

  • unhealthy diet

    • Prevention of Atherosclerosis's disease

    Diet is very important for the prevention of atherosclerosis in the elderly. It is necessary to limit the intake of animal fat such as lard, beef fat, chicken fat that replaced it is to use vegetable oil such as peanut oil, sesame oil. Coconut oil should not be eaten due to coconut oil with many saturated fatty acids that are easy to cause atherosclerosis. Eat soy -derived foods like tofu. Each week should have 2-3 days to eat fish, in the fat of fish is high in omega-3 fat, which is very good for the artery wall. Do not eat kinds of hearts such as pigs, buffaloes, cows and limit eating shrimp and eggs. Daily meals should increase the amount of green vegetables and fruits (particularly people with diabetes restricting sweet fruits such as jackfruit, na, mango, sapodilla ...).

    Need to exercise body such as exercise, walking, playing sports depending on your strength. It is found that if exercised evenly, methodically and suitable for each individual, it can increase the amount of good cholesterol, reduce bad cholesterol and at the same time reduce blood pressure on people with chronic hypertension. If all measures have been applied to reduce cholesterol without achieving results, the medication must be used. Of course, what kind of medicine and dosage, in how long it is necessary to have the opinion of the doctor for medical examination, the patient should not automatically buy the medicine to use.

    Similar healthy lifestyle changes are recommended to treat atherosclerosis also helps prevent it. Includes:

  • Smoking

    • Eat healthy foods

  • Exercise regularly
  • Maintain a reasonable weight
  • Just remember to make changes step by step and remember the lifestyle changes that can be managed in the long run.

    • Diagnostic measures for Atherosclerosis's disease

    During the physical examination, the doctor may find the signs of the arteries narrowed, expanded or hardened, including:

  • Weak heart rate or sometimes heart rate under the narrow area of ​​arteries
  • Blood pressure decreases at an affected limb
  • The screech on the artery when examining with stethoscope

    • Depending on the results of the health examination, the doctor may propose one or more diagnostic tests, including:

  • Blood test. Laboratory tests may detect increased levels of cholesterol and blood sugars may increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Before blood test, the patient will not eat or drink anything outside the water for 9 to 12 hours before blood testing.
  • Doppler ultrasound. The doctor may use a special ultrasound device (Doppler ultrasound) to measure the patient's blood pressure at different points along the arm or leg. These measurements can help the doctor assess the level of any congestion, as well as the blood circulation rate in the artery.
  • Akle - arm (Ankle - Brachial Index, ABI). This test can indicate whether the patient has atherosclerosis in the foot and feet. The doctor can compare blood pressure in your ankle with blood pressure in the arm, so it is called an ankle index. When resting, ABI is normal in about 1 -1.3. When the index is greater than 1.3, it is often suggested to the hardened artery, often due to atherosclerosis and calcification, it is necessary to send patients to the specialist examination. ABI 0.8-0.9 indicates a mild lower spending, which is required to control and treat risk factors. When the index <0.5 often indicates that there is severe peripheral vessel disease, severe anemia, and a specialized examination should be sent immediately. Depending on the clinical condition and patient symptoms to decide more survey measures such as artery, blood vessel dsa, blood vessel resonance or vascular doppler ultrasound.
  • ECG (ECG). Electrolyte records electrical signals when they pass through the heart. ECG can often reveal evidence of a previous heart attack. If the signs and symptoms of the disease occur most often during exercise, the doctor may ask the patient to walk on the treadmill or ride a bicycle standing still in the ECG.
  • Set catheter and arterial angiography. This test may indicate if the coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked. A liquid dye is injected into the arteries of the heart through a long, thin tubular (catheter) is taken through the artery, usually at the foot of the arteries in the heart. When the dye fills the patient's arteries, the arteries will display on X -rays, showing obstructed areas. 
  • Other image tests. Your doctor may use ultrasound, computerized taboos (CT) or magnetic resonant angiography (MRA) to study the patient's arteries. These tests can often indicate hardening and narrowing of large arteries, as well as aneurysms and calcium deposits in the artery walls.

    • Atherosclerosis's disease treatments

    How to treat atherosclerosis includes lifestyle changes, such as using a healthy diet and exercise, usually the most appropriate treatment for Atherosclerosis. Sometimes, surgical drugs or procedures can also be indicated.

    Different drugs can slow or even reverse, the effects of atherosclerosis. Here are some common options:

  • Cholesterol medication. Strongly reducing low -density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), "bad" cholesterol, which can slow, prevent or even reverse the accumulation of fat accumulated in the artery. Increase cholesterol lipoprotein high density (HDL), "good" cholesterol, can also help. Your doctor may choose from a range of cholesterol drugs, including drugs called statins and fibrates. In addition to reducing cholesterol, statin also has additional effects to stabilize the heart mucosa and prevent atherosclerosis.
  • Platelet drugs. The doctor may prescribe anti -platelet drugs, such as aspirin, to reduce platelet likelility in the arteries, the formation of blood clots and cause further obstruction.
  • Beta blockers. These drugs are often used for coronary artery disease. They reduce heart rate and blood pressure, reduce heart demand and often reduce chest pain symptoms. Beta blockers reduce the risk of heart attack and some heart rate problems.
  • Angiotensin (ACE). These drugs can help slow down the atherosclerosis by lowering blood pressure and creating other beneficial effects on the heart artery. Transfer inhibitors can also reduce the risk of recurrent heart attack.
  • Calcium blockers. These drugs reduce blood pressure and are sometimes used to treat angina.
  • Water medicine. High blood pressure is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Diuretics help lower blood pressure.
  • Other drugs. Doctors may recommend some drugs to control specific risk factors for atherosclerosis, such as diabetes. Sometimes specific drugs to treat atherosclerosis symptoms, such as prescriptions in the case of foot pain during exercise.
    • Surgery

    sometimes use a stronger intervention to treat atherosclerosis. If the patient has serious symptoms or obstruction threatens the life of the muscle or skin tissue, the patient may be indicated for some of the following techniques:

  • Pass coronary heater and stent. In this technique, the doctor inserted a long, thin tube (catheter) into the blocked or narrowed part of the artery. A second catheter with a ball blooms at the top of the narrow segment, then passed through the catheter to the area that is narrowed. The bubble is then pumped up, compressing the sediments into the artery wall. A mesh tube (stent) is usually left in the artery to help keep the artery open.
  • Endoscopic surgery. In some cases, the accumulated fat patches must be removed from the artery wall. When the procedure is performed on the arteries in the neck, it is called plague surgery.
  • Treatment of fiber pepper. If the patient has a artery blocked by blood clots, the doctor may use the drug to dissolve the blood clot to break it.

    • See also:

  • The formation of blood clots in a stroke
  • Treatment of cerebral hemorrhage due to brain vasocardal rupture
  • cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage: 2 forms of dangerous cerebrovascular accident

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