Basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma's disease overview

Basal cell carcinoma (Basal cell carcinoma-bcc) is a malignant tumor consisting of cells similar to cells in the bottom layer of the epidermis. Basal cell cancer begins in basic cells as a cell in the skin that produces new skin cells when old cells die. Basal cell carcinoma usually appears in the form of a slightly transparent bump on the skin, although it may have other forms, which occur most often on the areas of the skin in contact with the sun, no drought as head and neck.

Most basal cell carcinoma is thought to be due to long -term exposure to ultraviolet rays (UV) from sunlight. Avoid sunlight and use sunscreen can help protect against basal cell carcinoma.

This is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 75% of skin cancer. The disease is common in people over 50 years old. Basal cell carcinoma has many different forms.

Is Basal carcinoma dangerous? 

The basal cell carcinoma progresses slowly, the lesions can spread, invasive the surrounding organization causing deformation and disturbing the functional dysfunction of some parts such as nose, mouth and eye. If detected early and treated promptly, widely removed, the prognosis of the disease is very good.

complications of basal cell carcinoma include:

  • Risk of recurrence. Even after successful treatment, a injury may reappear, usually in the same place.
  • Increased risk of other skin cancer. History of basal cell carcinoma can also increase the chances of developing other skin cancer such as scaled cell carcinoma.
  • cancer spreads to the skin. The form of rare basal cell carcinoma can invade and destroy nearby muscles, nerves and bones. And rarely, basal cell carcinoma can spread to other areas of the body.

    • Causes of Basal cell carcinoma's disease

  • Basal cell carcinoma occurs when one of the basic cells of the skin develops mutant in its DNA.
  • Basic cells are found at the bottom of the epidermis - the outer layer of the skin. Basic cells produce new skin cells. When new skin cells are produced, they will push old cells towards the skin surface, where the old cells die and peel off.
  • The process of creating new skin cells is controlled by the basic cell DNA. The mutation in DNA causes a basic cell to multiply quickly and continue to grow as it usually dies. Finally, the accumulated abnormal cells can form a cancer tumor - damage that appears on the skin.
  • ultraviolet rays and other causes: Most damage to DNA in basic cells is thought to be due to ultraviolet radiation (UV) found in face light. In the sky and in commercial leather and sunbathing beds. Other factors may contribute to the risk and development of basal cell carcinoma, and the exact cause may be in some unclear cases.

    • Symptoms of Basal cell carcinoma's disease

    Basal cell carcinoma usually develops on parts that come into contact with the sun's sun, especially your head and neck. This skin cancer appears less on the body and legs, and the basal cell carcinoma can be - but rarely - occurring on the parts of your body are often protected from the sun as parts. Genital or breasts of women.

    Basal cell carcinoma appears as a change on the skin, such as growth or ulcers will not heal. Changes on the skin, or damage, often have one of the following characteristics:

  • A pearl white bump, skin color or pink, small blood vessels are often seen. In people with darker skin tones, damage will be darker but still a bit blurry. The most common type of basal cell carcinoma, which usually appears on the face, ears or neck. The lesions can be broken, bleeding and scales.
  • A brown, black or blue lesions - or a lesions with dark spots - with dim, slightly protruding borders.
  • A flat, scaled, red array with a floating edge is more common on the back or chest. Over time, these patches can grow quite large.

    • A white lesions, like wax, no scars without a clear border, called a morphological basal cell carcinoma, is the least common. This lesions are easily overlooked, but it may be a sign of a special type of cancer invasive and deformed.

    Symptoms by skin lesions

  • Uges: usually starts a tumor size from 1 to several centimeters, density, glossy, and vasodilation. Non -itchy, painless, slow progression may have ulcers
  • Fiber lesions: common in the nose or forehead area, manifestation is a flat existence with the skin surface, sometimes concave scars, deep contamination, on the blood vessels, dilated, The limit is not pitted with good skin.
  • Paget shallow lesions: common in the body. Flat lesions with skin surface, clear limit, scales, slow progression.
    • ulcerative lesions: All types of lesions above can last long healing ulcers with black scales or necrotic organization.
  • Genital hyperpigmentation: The phenomenon of hyperpigmentation is very common in basal cell cancer damage. Usually dark brown is easy to confuse the phenomenon of hyperpigmentation in melanoma cell cancer.

    • People at risk for Basal cell carcinoma's disease

    The factors that increase the risk of bottom cell carcinoma include:

  • chronic sun exposure. Many outdoor time or in commercial tanning booths increase the risk of basal cell carcinoma. Higher risk if living in a place with more sunshine or intensity leads to more exposure to UV radiation. Serious sunburns, especially in childhood or adolescence, also increases your risk. Many studies have identified ultraviolet rays as the main cause of skin cancer, especially basal cell carcinoma. Outdoor working people have a very high rate of basal cell carcinoma. About 80% of base cell carcinoma lesions in the open skin.
  • Radiation therapy. Radiation therapy to treat psoriasis, acne or other skin conditions may increase the risk of basal cell carcinoma at previous treatment sites on the skin.
    • white skin. The risk of bottom cell carcinoma is higher in people who are prone to freckles or burns or people with very bright skin, red or yellow or bright eyes.

    Sex. Men are more likely to develop base cell carcinoma than women.

    Age. Because basal cell carcinoma usually takes decades to grow, the majority of basal cell carcinoma occurs after 50 years of age.

    History of yourself or family history of people with skin cancer. If there is a bottom or more cellular cell carcinoma, the chance to develop again. If there are people with skin cancer, you may increase the risk of developing basal cell carcinoma.

  • immunosuppressive drugs. Take the immune system inhibitors especially after transplant surgery, significantly increasing the risk of skin cancer. Based cell carcinoma develops in immune -inhibitors that can easily relapse or spread to other parts of the body.
  • Exposure to arsenic. Arsenic, a toxic metal is widely found in the environment, increases the risk of basal cell carcinoma and other cancers. Everyone has some contact with arsenic because it occurs naturally in the soil, air and groundwater. But those who can come into contact with arsenic at a higher level include farmers, refineries workers and people who drink well water or live near metallurgical factories.

    • Genetic syndrome causes skin cancer. Some rare genetic diseases often lead to basal cell carcinoma. Nevoidal cell cancer syndrome (Gorlin-Goltz syndrome) causes many basal cell carcinoma, as well as skin disorders, bones, nervous systems, eyes and endocrine glands. Xeroderma pigment causes extreme sensitivity to sunlight and high risk of skin cancer because people with this disease are very small or unable to repair skin damage from ultraviolet rays. >

    Genetic changes: gene P53. In patients with non -active P53 genes, 50% of these patients have skin cancer at the age of 30 and 90% of skin cancer at the age of 70.

  • Gen Braf. The mutations of this gene in the process of developing the body often cause some types of cancer (acting as oncogen) such as non-non-hodgkin lymphoma, rectal cancer, lung cancer, thyroid cancer and most Is melanoma cell cancer in the skin.

    • Prevention of Basal cell carcinoma's disease

    can reduce the risk of basal cell carcinoma by the following measures:

  • Avoid sunlight when its light rays are strongest from 10 am to 4 pm.
  • Use sunscreen all year round. Choose a sunscreen that prevents both UVA and UVB radiation from the sun and has SPF at least 15. Apply sunscreen in a generous way, and apply it after two hours - or more often if you Swim or sweat. The American Dermatology Academy recommends that you use a broad spectrum sunscreen with SPF from 30 and above. 
  • Wear protective clothes. Wearing long clothes to cover the limbs and wearing a wide -brimmed hat to help protect more, can wear sunglasses to help completely protect from both UVA and UVB rays.
  • If you have skin cancer, you are at risk of the second cancer. Talk to your doctor about the frequency you should be checked recurrence. Periodic examination 1-2 times/year to detect recurrence or new cancer lesions.

    • Diagnostic measures for Basal cell carcinoma's disease

    Diagnosis of base cell carcinoma is mainly based on:

    Clinical symptoms
  • Lesions in the elderly, manifested as firm, glossy, vasodilators or high edges, glossy and "pearl beads".
  • open skin.

    • No itching, no pain.

  • Slow, invasive organization can ulcer, easily bleeding.

    • Pathological tissue test: conducted for all patients. Identify malignant cells: alkaline cells, monster, divided into. Concentrated into blocks, surrounded by fiber organization, breaking the structure of the epidermis and the bottom membrane.  Pathological tissue helps determine the level of differentiation, the level of invasion to the dermis.

    Clinical diagnosis

    can be the most common, mainly encountered in the head, neck and upper half of the back.

    Clinical manifestations usually begin to be the size of 1 to several centimeters, density, vasodilation, no itching, no pain, slow progression spread around, may be contaminated, ulcerative , easy to bleed, scaly black, high shore with polished, sure.

    shallow: Inlaid or pink or reddish, skin scales, the center of damage is often heal Body and little tendency to invade.

    fiber: common in the nose or forehead. The manifestation is a flat lesions with the skin surface sometimes with concave scars, deep contamination, and the blood vessels are relaxed, not clear with healthy skin. This form has a very high recurrence rate after treatment.

    ulcerative: The ulcer is very common. Ulcers in basal cell cancer does not depend on the size of the tumor. The ulcer is usually in the middle of the lesions, irregular shore, lava, dirty bottom, with black brown scales and easy to bleed. The ulcer usually heals for a long time, can progress healing to create scars that sometimes deform the natural cavities such as nose and nose ...

    Hypertension: The hyperpigmentation is also very common. Sometimes it is difficult to diagnose with melanoma. In basal cell cancer, there is usually the most uniform black color alternating with black scales or small pearls.

    Basal cell carcinoma's disease treatments

    Principle of treatment

  • Eliminate cancer.
  • Treatment of damage, ensuring function and aesthetics after removal of tumor lesions.

    • Specific treatment: Some methods treatment of basal cell cancer bring high efficiency. The choice of which treatment is best depends on the type, position and size of cancer, as well as interests and ability to perform re -examination. The choice of treatment may also depend on whether this is the first or recurrent cell carcinoma or relapse

    Eliminate cancer organization: There are many different methods to eliminate cancer organization depending on the specific circumstances of each patient and equipment conditions.

  • Surgery to remove wide lesions: This is the most indicated measure, the skin incision is from 0.3 to 0.5 cm.

    • Mohs surgery: is a skin cancer treatment for good results. The tumor organization is removed from layer and is tested by a microscope. The positions and cancer cells will continue to be removed until the healthy skin organization. The technique has created a breakthrough in the treatment of skin cancer, helping the doctor immediately determine the elimination of the cancer organization during the surgery, saving the surrounding and reduced skin. Multi -degree of recurrence of the disease. However, Mohs surgery requires modern equipment. Patients have to undergo many surgeries, time -consuming and funding. This is usually an effective treatment for recurrent basal cell carcinoma, a lesions on your face and large, deep, rapid or morphological lesions. For invasive cancer, this procedure can be followed by radiation.

  • In addition, other treatments can be applied such as cold surgery (cryosurgery), flying by CO2 laser, radiation, optical gland, or optical use Chemotherapy (Photochemotherapy). These measures are often indicated in cases of older patients, poor physical condition, and some chronic diseases without appointment of lesions.

    • Organized shaping surgery

  • Surgery to form defects using skin flaps in place or remote, full skin grafting or double -cut skin transplant.
  • natural scars: In case of small lesions in some special locations such as in the nose, eye corner ... or the patient's body is too weak Organized, after cutting the cancer organization, conducting daily bandages to damage to the particle and healing scars.

    • The drugs used to treat bottom cell carcinoma include:

  • Treatment on the spot. Basal cell carcinoma is the surface and does not spread to the skin that can be treated with cream or ointment. Imiquimod (Aldara) and Fluorouracil (Efudex, Fluoroplex, others) are used for several weeks to treat such a low -risk basal cell carcinoma.
  • Progressive cancer medicine. Basal cell carcinoma to other areas of the body (metastasis) can be treated with Vismodegib (Erivingge) or Sonidegib (Odomzo). These drugs can also be an option for people with cancer that does not respond to other treatments. These drugs can prevent molecular signals that allow basal cell carcinoma to continue developing.

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