Basedow

Basedow's disease overview

What is

basedow ? Basedow (or Graves disease) is the most common type of endocrine disease, hyperthyroidism today, accounting for more than 90% of cases of hyperthyroidism, characterized by the symptoms of spread goiter and non -memory hyperthyroidism syndrome Preparatory (symptoms of convex)

Basedow disease occurs in women more, accounting for 80% of cases, usually at the age of 20-50 and patients with family history of thyroid disease.

Basedow disease is very dangerous for the cardiovascular system, if the condition lasts for prolonged disease without proper treatment, the disease can lead to thyroid complications that cause patients to die in heart failure.

Causes of Basedow's disease

Currently, Basedow is an autoimmune disease of unknown cause. However, the disease has a family nature with about 15% of patients with relatives with the same disease, of which 50% of patients with antibodies are circulating.

Symptoms of Basedow's disease

Common disease in young women 20-50 years old, can start suddenly or progress slowly, causing weight loss, fatigue immediately.The functional symptoms of Basedow disease include:

  • The most common manifestation, the patient can lose 3-20kg within a few weeks or few months even though it may still be delicious. However, there are still some young female patients who sometimes gain weight due to eating a lot
  • Mental disorders: Easy to worry, irritability, irritability, crying, difficulty concentration and fatigue but difficulty sleeping
  • Disorders of regulating body temperature: There are hot burning, sweating most in the chest and hands, fear of heat, patients or thirst and drinking water a lot
    • Cardiovascular: Or nervous, brushed chest drum, may have a feeling of suffocation, pain in front of the heart

    Gastrointestinal disorders (about 20% of patients): Going out many times due to increased intestinal motility, may be with nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain Physical symptoms of the disease include:

    cardiovascular symptoms:

  • Tachycardia (over 100 times/minute) often at rest or exertion
  • Increased systolic blood pressure, diastolic does not increase
  • Blood vessels have a strong pounding feeling
  • Heart failure often occurs in people with heart disease before combined with neurological-muscle symptoms:
  • tremor, increase Up when emotional or trying to focus on working
  • Reflection of tendon often increases
  • weak muscle weakness, especially the muscles in the root, patients walking around Quickly tired, step on the difficult steps
    • goiter:

    This is a sign of about 80% of Basedow patients, goiter, soft or firm density, mobile when swallowing.

    Endocrine eye disease:
  • encountered about 40-60% of basedow patients, lesions often appear in both eyes but 10% of cases still have only one side. > Typical signs in the eye are: The eyelids are not closed, open the eyelids, convex eyes or look at the musculoskeletal paralysis
    • Skin disease due to basedow:

    quite rare In 2-3% of basedow patients, clinical manifestations may be encountered such as bone bone bone, bone damage, short nail signs, long nail beds

    Transmission route of Basedow's diseaseBasedow

    Because Basedow is an endocrine disease related to the sensitivity of T lymphocytes with antigens in the thyroid gland, Basedow disease is not contagious.

    People at risk for Basedow's disease

    Some of the factors that are thought to be able to start the immune response make this factor will be the risk of Basedow disease as:

  • Pregnancy, especially after birth
  • Eating too much iodine
  • Lithium treatment can change the immune response
  • infection or virus
  • stop corticosteroid treatment
  • Causes of stress

    • Prevention of Basedow's disease

    Basedow disease is a disease directly related to the autoimmune disorder of unknown cause, so the patient has been suffering from Basedow need some measures to reduce the risk of recurrence of the disease:

  • The most important thing is that patients need to improve their health and physical condition, eat enough nutrients to enhance health, resistance and regulate the body's immune system
  • Patients need to keep the spirit of comfort and positive thinking, avoid stress
  • without smoking, avoid breathing in cigarette smoke
  • Wearing glasses Protect the eyes from dust, small eyes with physiological saline daily
  • do not touch much on the neck, restrict food food that contains a lot of iodine
    • Before getting pregnant due to maternity, there is a risk factor for getting worse disease
  • The treatment and re -examination regularly according to the appointment

    • Diagnostic measures for Basedow's disease

    For diagnosis to identify Basedow disease, it is necessary to rely on both clinical and necessary tests:

    Clinical

    clinical: Patients with armor poisoning syndrome with at least 1 of 3 symptoms: tumors, giant eyes and baseball edema

    necessary tests:

  • ft4 increases and TSH decreases, some patients in the early stage are only increased by ft3
  • Increased TSH-Rab antibodies

    • Thyroid radiography for thyroid images to increase radioactive iodine or Technitium

    Besides, for accurate and effective diagnosis, the thyroid radius is gradually becoming an important method. Vinmec is currently using the Spect/CT Discovery NM/CT 670 Pro system with CT 16 modern ranges of the world's leading medical equipment company GE Healthcare (USA), the quality of the thyroid radius will produce images High quality helps early diagnosis of pathology to be surveyed, including basedow, goiter.

    Basedow's disease treatments

    In the world today, Basedow disease is mainly treated with three main methods: medical, radiation and surgery to cut near the entire thyroid.

    For medical treatment:

  • This is a top priority, indicated when the disease is discovered, medium thyroid gland, no Basedow, no complications and conditions for long -term treatment Monitoring the disease
  • There are 3 main anti -thyroid drugs used mainly: methimazole, carbimazole and ptu. In which PTU is recommended not to be used in the initial treatment for Basedow patients
  • The rate of completely retreating with this method is 60-70% after 12-18 months >

    For radiotherapy treatment:

  • The method selected is iodine radioactive therapy with the purpose of making the thyroid tumor shrink and bring the thyroid function from the normal power to normal
  • This method Indications for children and pregnant or lactating women because of hypothyroidism in newborns, patients with severe poisoning or too large tumors, pinched, causing choking or choke, shortness of breath, priority is given to the method. More surgery

    • for surgical treatment:

  • Surgery is only indicated when the disease has been treated with drugs for at least 4-6 months without maintaining the cylinder when stopping the drug, large goiter, causing loss of aesthetics or complications of shortness of breath
  • The principle is to remove near the entire thyroid gland leaving only a small part of 3-6 grams to maintain the function of creating normal hormone
  • possible complications after surgery Art: hoarseness, blood calcium, incision infection ... However, with the advancement of the current medicine, the rate of complications is about 1%.

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