Blindness

Blindness's disease overview

blindness is an vision loss on one or both eyes. Patients can see gradually or suddenly loss of vision does not see anything, this condition may be transient or permanently blind without recovery.

Fast blurring is a medical emergency, which can be a warning sign of many dangerous diseases. Therefore, patients need to immediately go to the medical facility to be detected and treated promptly, avoiding sequelae and complications that cause permanent eye damage.

Blindness can occur when the patient has damage to the ingredients on the visual path such as the brain, the optic nerve, the retina, the cornea, the glass, ...

The blindness can be encountered at any age, including newborns (congenital blindness) and regardless of gender, men and women are at risk of blindness.

Causes of Blindness's disease

There are many possible causes of blindness, of which the most common causes include:

  • Eye injury
  • Eye burns
  • Cive ulcerative skin
  • Acute fluid inflammation
  • Glaucoma angle closed
  • Glass hemorrhage
  • Central retinal artery blockage

    • Central retinal veins

    Retinalism

    Acute optic neuritis

    cataracts:

  • cataracts due to aging

    • Secondary cataract: develops in people with a number of diseases such as diabetes, etc. or may be due to prolonged corticosteroids

    cataracts due to injury

    The pathologies that can cause congenital blindness in children are:

  • congenital glaucoma, also known as water bead
  • Paratoes are also called dry beads
  • Retinal disease in premature babies (ROP)
  • Retinal cell tumor

    • The possible causes of temporary blindness include:

  • Bloody or plaque (small pieces of cholesterol or fat)

    • Vascular stenosis

    Symptoms of Blindness's disease

  • Loss of vision: The patient feels like a shade or a curtain covered with eyes
  • Can be accompanied by other neurological symptoms such as muscle weakness, headache, dizziness
  • Glaucoma disease in the early stages has no clear symptoms, so most patients who come to the examination have been in the late stage. The disease usually has the following signs:

  • Glaucoma opened angle: is the most common and silent progress

  • Reduce vision slowly, reduce vision when entering a lack of light
  • Sometimes there is a headache, the feeling of heavy eyes when working heavy or blurred like fog, seeing red and blue circles when looking at the lamp
  • Glaucoma angle: more common in Asian -born patients

  • Acute phase: Patients with severe eye pain, rapid reduction or loss of vision, need for emergency treatment
  • The chronic phase: Symptoms like the open angle glaucoma at an early stage, no clear symptoms
  • Late phase: Market narrowing and vision reduction.
  • congenital glaucoma:

  • The eyes are slightly unusual, the eyes are not transparent, children are afraid of light, narrowed their eyes when in the sun, tearing. 
  • If the disease only occurs in one eye, it can be seen a clear difference in color and size between the eyes: big eyes and blue are usually the eyes. >
  • Symptoms of cataracts include:

  • blurred vision.
  • There is a blinding feeling when looking at the light (seeing blinding when looking at the lights or strong sunlight or seeing the halo around the lamp).
  • The color that feels lighter.
  • Leave visuals at night.
  • Look at one or more pictures.
  • Wearing glasses are often changed.
  • The vision is closer to the early stages, but it is only temporary. Visuality will be reduced when cataracts grow more.
  • Retinal cell tumor is eye cancer, usually occurs mainly in children under 5 years old. The disease manifests itself very silently and difficult to detect in the early stage. The common manifestations of the disease are relatively late:

  • White pupils: The baby's eyes are bright white, especially at night like cat eyes

    • Lightweight

  • Red eyes, aches and pains
  • Reduction of vision
  • Swelling of the eye sockets
  • Eye protruding
  • Bleeding in the eye is not due to injury

    • People at risk for Blindness's disease

    The factors that can increase the risk of blindness include:

  • High blood cholesterol levels

    • Hypertension

  • Active smoking and passive smoking

    • Risk factors leading to glaucoma are:

  • People over 60 years old
  • Families with relatives with Glaucoma disease

    • People with severe or nearsightedness

  • Arbitrarily using eye drops for a long time without prescribed by a doctor

    • The factors that increase the risk of cataracts are:

  • Elderly

    • diabetes

  • Excessive contact with sunlight
  • Trauma or eye infection
  • Eye surgery
  • Use corticosteroid groups for a long time
  • Smoking

    • The risks of risk of retinopathy in premature babies are:

  • Children weighing at birth less than 1.5kg or gestational age at birth under 33 weeks
  • Children weighing at birth from 1.5-2kg but suffocated at birth, need to lie in the incubator, must breathe for prolonged oxygen or other diseases attached
  • Children weighing at birth from 1.5-2kg and multiple pregnancy (twins, triplets)

    • Prevention of Blindness's disease

    Measures that contribute to blindness prevention include:

  • Sugar control (for diabetes patients)
  • Control of blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels
  • Compliance with the treatment of chronic or acute diseases that can cause blindness
  • No smoking.

    • Annual eye exams to adjust refractive errors or for timely detection and treatment of diseases leading to blindness.

    Diagnostic measures for Blindness's disease

  • Eye examination, vision test, eye bottom
  • Testing:

  • echocardiography: Find the thrombosis in the heart and observe the process of moving to the brain.
  • Magnetic resonant artery adoption (MRA)
  • Vascular angiography

    • Blindness's disease treatments

    Depending on the cause of blindness, applying different treatments.

  • Take drugs: Aspirin or anticoagulant drugs for prevention of thrombosis.

    • Surgery eliminates blockage in the case of blood vessel obstruction by the method of pumping artificial blood vessels in the form of mesh.

  • Methods of treating cataracts:

  • For early stage cataract, it is possible for patients to wear glasses, use magnifying glass or lighting well when working. If these measures do not work, only surgery to get lens is the most effective treatment.

    • Currently surgery to get lens is one of the most popular surgery of the eye specialist and is one of the safest surgery and give very good results.

  • Mostly there are two ways to get the lens. The doctor will explain in detail and help the patient decide the best way:

  • The method of emulsion of the lens (also known as the Phaco method): the doctor will create a small incision on one cornea, then put a small device into the eye. . This device emits a wave with an ultrasound frequency that makes the lens soft, then completely sucked out. 
  • The method of removing the external lens: The doctor will create a longer incision on one cornea and take out the hard lens, then place a intraocular glass. Instead of the location of the lens. The intraocular glass is a transparent artificial lens, which will be part of the patient's eye throughout the lifetime, helping the patient improve vision.
  • Treatment of Glaucoma children:

  • Surgical surgery
  • After surgery, continue medical treatment with oral medication and eye drops
  • Periodic re -examination according to the appointment to be measured, visual test and eye examination
  • Treatment of children with retinopathy in premature babies:

    • Depending on the condition, the doctor will schedule a re -examination from a few days to a few weeks. Children need to be monitored continuously to consider indicating the intervention until they have passed the dangerous stage to avoid late complications that may occur such as slim, heavy myopia, glaucoma, retinal flaking.

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