Brain vascular deformities

Brain vascular deformities's disease overview

A brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal and brain disorder phenomenon. These deformities connect artery and cerebral veins without passing the capillaries, so they do not provide blood to the brain parenchyma, in addition to blood vessels that are prone to broken brain bleeding. This is congenital and very dangerous

The arteries are responsible for taking oxygen -rich blood from the heart to the brain and veins carrying poor blood from oxygen back to the lungs and heart. Gas infected with cerebral vascular deformities will break this important process. Aortic defects can grow anywhere in the body but usually occur in the brain or spine. However, cerebral vascular deformities are very rare and affect less than 1% of the population.

Causes of unclear cerebral vascular deformities. Most patients suffer from birth, but sometimes can be formed in later life. This disease is rarely transmitted between families in terms of genetics.

Some people with cerebral vascular deformities have signs and symptoms such as headaches or seizures. Cerebral vascular deformities are often discovered after scanning the brain for a health examination because of other health problems or after blood vessels and bleeding in the brain.

After being diagnosed, cerebrovascular deformities can often be successfully treated to prevent complications such as brain damage or stroke

Causes of Brain vascular deformities's disease

Causes of blood vessel deformities o are not yet known, but the researchers believe that most of the brain vascular deformities appear during the development of the process of The fetus, called the congenital brain vascular deformity .

Normally, the heart will push oxygen -rich blood to the brain through the arteries. The arteries slow down blood flow by passing through a series of smaller blood vessels, ending with the smallest blood vessels called capillaries. The capillaries provide oxygen through thin, porous walls to reach the surrounding brain tissue.

Poor oxygen blood then go into small blood vessels and then into larger veins, bringing it back to the heart and lungs to perform gas exchange, take oxygen and exit CO2 out.

The arteries and veins in cerebral vascular deformities lack a network that supports smaller blood vessels and capillaries. Instead, the artery connects directly to the venous veins through the intermediate capillary network, so most of the brain vascular deformities can last long in the brain without any symptoms. >

Symptoms of Brain vascular deformities's disease

Cerebral vascular deformities may not cause any signs or symptoms until the blood vessels are broken, leading to cerebral hemorrhage. In about half of the number of cerebral vascular deformities, bleeding is the first sign.

But some people with cerebral vascular deformities may experience signs and symptoms in addition to bleeding associated with cerebral vascular deformities. In people without hemorrhage, the signs and symptoms of cerebral vascular deformities may include:

epilepsy

Headache or pain in a head area

muscle weakness or numbness in part of the body

Some people may experience more serious signs and symptoms, depending on the location of the cerebral vascular deformities, including:

intense headache

Weakness, numbness or paralysis

Loss of vision

It is difficult to say

Confused or unable to understand the meaning of others

Symptoms may start at any age but usually appear at the age of 10 to 40 years old. Cerebral vascular deformities can damage brain tissue over time.

However, when reaching middle age, cerebral vascular deformities tend to maintain stable and cause little symptoms.

Some pregnant women may have symptoms that worsen due to changes in blood and blood pressure.

A serious type of brain vascular deformity, called the Galen venous malformation, causes signs and symptoms that appear early or immediately after birth. The main blood vessels associated with this type of cerebral vascular malformation can cause liquids to accumulate in the brain and swelling of the head. Signs and symptoms include visible venous veins on the scalp, convulsions and congested heart failure.

So is the cerebrovascular deformity dangerous?

Complications of cerebral vascular deformities include:

Brain hemorrhage. Cerebral vascular deformities put great pressure on the walls of the arteries and deformities, making them thin or weak. This can lead to brain vessel rupture and bleeding into the brain. The risk of cerebral bleeding caused by this cerebral vascular deformity ranges from 2% per year. The risk of bleeding may be higher for certain types of cerebral vascular deformities or if the patient has previously broken brain vascular malformation. Some bleeding related to cerebral vascular deformities are not detected because they do not cause brain damage or large symptoms, but may occur life -threatening bleeding. Cerebral vascular deformities account for about 2 percent of all hemorrhagic strokes each year and are often the cause of bleeding in children and young people with cerebral hemorrhage.

Reduce oxygen to the brain tissue. With cerebral vascular deformities, the blood ignores the capillary network and flowed directly from the artery to the vein. Blood flowed quickly through blood vessels because it did not slow down by capillaries, leading to the surrounding brain tissue that could not easily absorb oxygen from blood due to rapid flow. There is not enough oxygen, the brain tissue weakens or may die completely. This leads to symptoms like stroke, such as difficult to say, weak, numb, vision loss.

thin or weak blood vessels. Cerebral vascular deformities put great pressure on thin and weak walls of blood vessels to create aneurysm, which can be enlarged and easily broken.

Transmission route of Brain vascular deformities's diseaseBrain vascular deformities

Cerebral vascular deformities are not infectious diseases, therefore, not transmitted from patients to healthy people.

People at risk for Brain vascular deformities's disease

Anyone can be born with cerebral vascular deformities, but these factors may increase the risk:

Men. Cerebral vascular deformities are more common in men.

There is a family history. Cases of cerebral vascular deformities in families have been reported, but it is unclear whether there is a certain genetic factor or if these cases are only coincidence.

Prevention of Brain vascular deformities's disease

Cerebral vascular deformities occur before birth or shortly thereafter, besides the cause of unclear cerebral vascular deformities, so we cannot prevent the disease from forming. The best way is to detect the disease early when there are the above symptoms.

Diagnostic measures for Brain vascular deformities's disease

To diagnose cerebral vascular deformities, a neurologist will consider the current symptoms and conduct physical exams.

Your doctor may request one or more tests to diagnose the patient's condition. The tests used to diagnose cerebral vascular deformities include:

Brain angiography. Cerebral angiography is the most detailed test to diagnose cerebral vascular deformities. The test will show the location and characteristics of nourishing arteries and venous drainage, which is very important for treatment planning. In this test, the doctor will thread a long, thin tube into the artery in the groin and push up into the brain under the guidance of the X -ray image. The doctor will inject the dye into the patient's blood vessels to make the network image of the blood vessels visible under the image of X -ray.

Computerized tomography (CT). CT scan uses a range of X -rays to create a detailed cross -sectional image of the patient's brain. Sometimes, the doctor injected the dye through the intravenous intravenous tube so that the arteries to nourish the cerebral vascular deformities and the venous veins of the blood vessel deformities can be viewed more detailed.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI uses strong magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of the patient's brain. MRI is more sensitive to CT and may show more detailed changes in brain tissue associated with cerebral vascular deformities. MRI also provides information about the exact location of deformities and any bleeding in the brain, which is important to determine the treatment options. Doctors can also inject dyes to view blood circulation in the patient's brain.

Brain vascular deformities's disease treatments

The main goal of treatment is to prevent bleeding, but treatment to control seizures or other neurological complications may also be considered.

The doctor will determine the treatment for cerebral vascular deformities most suitable for the patient's condition, depending on the age, health status, size and position. of abnormal blood vessels.

The drug can also be used to treat symptoms caused by cerebral vascular deformities, such as headaches or convulsions.

Surgery is the most common treatment for cerebral vascular deformities. There are three different surgical options to treat cerebral vascular deformities:

Surgical removal surgery. If the cerebral vascular malformation is bleeding or in the area, it can be easily accessible, the surgery to remove deformed blood vessels through regular brain surgery.

Endovascular Embolization. In this technique, the doctor will insert a long, thin tube into the foot artery and thread through the blood vessels to the brain under the instructions of the X -ray image. The catheter is placed in one of the nourishing arteries to the blood vessels that are deformed and injected with embolism, such as small particles, like glue, microcoils or other materials, to block arteries and reduce flow. Blood into blood vessels is deformed. Causes less intra -invasive intravascular obstruction than traditional surgery. It can be done alone, but often used before other surgical treatments to make the procedure safer by reducing the size of blood vessels deformed or reducing the likelihood of bleeding.

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). This treatment uses accurate concentrated radiation to destroy deformed blood vessels. This technique has no incision, instead, SRS fires many beams of radiation that is closed exactly to the deformed blood vessels to damage blood vessels and cause scars. The scarred blood vessels then slowly win the east after one to three years after treatment. This treatment is most suitable for small blood vessels that are difficult to eliminate by conventional surgery and for cases of non -life -threatening bleeding. If the patient has little or no symptoms or if the blood vessel is in the brain area is difficult to treat, the doctor may like to monitor the condition of the patient with regular examination.

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