Bronchitis

Bronchitis's disease overview

Bronchitis is a common pulmonary infection in children and infants, causing inflammation and obstruction in the small gas pathway (bronchial) of the lungs. The cause of viral bronchitis and winter is the peak time of this disease.

Bronchitis starts with symptoms similar to the usual cold but then progresses into cough, wheezing and sometimes shortness of breath. Symptoms of bronchitis can last for several days to several weeks, even a month.

Most children will be treated outpatient and only a very small percentage of children need to be hospitalized.

Causes of Bronchitis's disease

Bronchitis occurs when a virus infects the bronchi. The infection causes the bronchi to swell and inflamed, increasing the mucus in the bronchial heart, making the air difficult to circulate and out of the lungs.

Most cases of Causes of bronchial inflammation are caused by the respiratory synctial virus. RSV is a popular virus infection in all children under 2 years old. RSV virus infections often occur every winter. Bronchitis can also be caused by other viruses, including common flu or colds. Babies can be re -infected with RSV because there are at least two strains.

Symptoms of Bronchitis's disease

In the first few days, the signs and symptoms of bronchitis are similar to colds:

  • runny nose
  • Nasal congestion

    • ho

  • Mild fever (not always)
  • later a week or more may have symptoms of shortness of breath or whistling when the child exhales (wheezing).
  • Many babies will also have ear infections (otitis media)

    • When to see a doctor?

    If parents have difficulty feeding children, especially if children under 12 weeks of age or have other risk factors for bronchitis such as premature birth or heart or lung disease. If there are the following signs and symptoms, parents should quickly take their children to a medical facility:

  • vomiting

    • There is wheezing

  • Tagged breathing (over 60 times/minute) and shallow breathing
  • Show signs of concave chest - ribs concave down when babies inhaled

    • Slow or indifferent children

  • Refuse to drink enough, or breathe too fast when eating or drinking
  • Skin turns pale in the lips and nails

    • complications of severe bronchitis may include:

  • Blue or skin (cyanotic).
  • Cardiac arrest. Appearance is most likely to occur in premature and newborn babies within the first two months.
    • dehydration.
  • Low oxygen saturation and respiratory failure.

    • If these complications occur, children will have to be hospitalized. Heavy respiratory failure may have to be placed in the endotracheal tube to help children breathe. In the case of bronchitis in infants premature birth, heart or lung disease or poor immune system, parents should closely monitor the initial signs of inflammation. Bronchials due to infection can quickly become serious

    Transmission route of Bronchitis's diseaseBronchitis

    Viruses that cause bronchitis are very contagious. Patients spread the disease to others through water drops in the air when coughing, sneezing or talking. Patients can also spread to others by touching objects that use shared towels or toys and then healthy people touch the eyes, nose or mouth will be infected.

    People at risk for Bronchitis's disease

    Children under 3 months of age are at the highest risk of broncharthritis because their lungs and immune systems have not been fully developed. Other factors are associated with increased risk of bronchitis in newborns, or more severe disease due to bronchitis, including:

  • Premature birth
  • Having heart disease or potential lung diseases

    • Weakness of the immune system

  • Exposure to cigarette smoke
  • Children must not breastfeed completely in the first 6 months
  • with many other children, such as kindergartens, kindergartens, schools
  • Living in a crowded, cramped family
  • There are brothers and sisters to school or take care of children to bring pathogens home

    • Prevention of Bronchitis's disease

    The cause of bronchitis is caused by viruses and people to human to humans, one of the best ways to prevent is to wash hands regularly - especially before touching the child when the caregivers have suffered from the car. Cold or other respiratory diseases and at the same time wearing a mask when exposed to children.

    If children have bronchitis, parents should leave them at home until the disease is over to avoid spreading to others.

    Some other ways to help limit infections include:

  • Limit contact with people with fever or cold or people with bronchitis in adults . If babies, especially premature babies, avoid contact with people who have a cold in the first two months of life.
  • Clean and disinfect surface. Clean and disinfect the surfaces and objects that people often touch, such as toys and door handles.
  • Cover the mouth when coughing and sneezing. Cover the mouth and nose with a tissue. Then throw paper towels and wash hands or use alcoholic hand wash.
  • Use its own drinking glass. Do not use a cup of water with others and especially for those who are sick.
  • Wash your hands regularly. Regularly wash hands in the family, including children.
  • breastfeeding. Babies who are fully breastfed are likely to get lower illnesses for babies who are not fully breastfed in the first 6 months of their lives.  

    • vaccines and drugs

  • There is no vaccine for the most common causes of bronchitis (RSV and Rhovovirus). However, it is advisable to get an annual influenza vaccination for everyone over 6 months old.
  • Infants are at high risk of RSV infection, such as premature babies or lung disease or impaired immune system, can be used drugs Palivizumab (Synagis) to reduce the possibility of RSV infection.

    • Diagnostic measures for Bronchitis's disease

    Doctors can often identify the disease through physical examination and lung listening. However, it may take more than one or two exams to distinguish this condition from cold or flu.

    If the child is at risk of severe bronchitis, if the symptoms get worse or if the problem is suspected, the doctor may request additional tests such as:

  • chest X-ray. The doctor may request a chest X-ray to find signs of pneumonia.
  • Super virus test. The doctor samples mucus in the nose of the child to check the virus causing bronchitis.
  • Blood test. Sometimes, blood tests can be used to check the number of children's white blood cells. The increase in white blood cells is often a sign that the body is against infection. Blood tests can also determine whether the level of oxygen has decreased in the child's blood.

    • In addition, the doctor may also ask parents about the signs of dehydration, especially if the child refuses to drink or vomit. Signs of dehydration include sunken eyes, dry mouth and skin, drowsiness and little or no urination.

    Bronchitis's disease treatments

    About Treatment of bronchitis usually lasts for two to three weeks. The majority of children with bronchitis can be taken care of at home after being instructed. It is important that parents need to be alert to the child's respiratory changes, such as children uncomfortable when breathing, unable to speak or cry because of shortness of breath.

    Due to the virus that causes bronchitis, antibiotics are not effective for treatment. If a child is infected with other bacteria such as pneumonia, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics. Oral and inhaling corticosteroids to dilute mucus that has been shown to not treat effectively for bronchitis and are not recommended.

    Care at the hospital

    Small rate of children need to be cared for in the hospital to control the condition. At the hospital, children have oxygen breathing to maintain sufficient blood oxygen concentration and water transmission through vein to prevent dehydration. In more serious cases, children will be placed with intensity to support breathing.

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