By amoeba

By amoeba's disease overview

amoeba disease is a single -cell disease of Entamoeba Histolytica, the disease that causes the characteristic damage is ulcerative in the colon mucosa and is likely to cause abscesses in different organs. (like liver, brain, ...). The disease tends to be prolonged and chronic if not treated actively.

All ages can be infected with amoeba but 90% of infected people are asymptomatic, only 10% of infected people show signs of amoeba dysentery or abscess in different organs.

Envented Entamoeba Histolytica will form local immunity (in the intestinal wall) and the whole body but not able to protect the body when the germs invade.

In tropical countries with low socio -economic life, the disease can cause large epidemics.

Amoeba learning

Cocoon amoeba through food, drinking water, ... penetrates the body through the gastrointestinal tract. When reaching the stomach, thanks to the effects of breaking the shell, the four cocoons in the cocoon were developed into 4 small amoeba and then moving down to reside in the ileum, which is rich in nutrients, with a pH. combined and have many symbiotic bacteria.

Normal small amoeba does not penetrate into the intestinal wall to cause disease but follow the stool to the colon. Some small amoeba shrinks into cocoons and is also excreted in division is the risk of spreading to others. When the intestinal wall is damaged (due to other bacteria or injury), the small amoeba attacks the intestinal wall, reproducing there and secretes protein enzymes leading to necrosis of the intestinal mucosa.

In the intestinal wall, at first the amoeba causes congestion in the mucosa, then creating small lumps on the mucosal surface and gradually necrotic and forming ulcers. The ulcer may be up to 2-2.5cm wide, around the edge of the gathering, edema and congestion. The bottom of the ulcer is deep to the lower layer and covered by pus. The sores close to each other can connect together to form a larger ulcer, deep to the muscle layer and with bacteria that create deep abscesses, which can cause puncture and peritonitis. Amoeba also creates granular tumors sometimes very difficult to distinguish from colon cancer.

When ulcers cause blood vessel damage, the amoeba can penetrate the blood and follow the blood flow throughout the body, causing damage to other organs outside the intestine such as the liver, lungs, brain, etc. This amoeba can form abscesses.

Causes of By amoeba's disease

pathogens:

Causes of amoeba disease is the Entamoeba Histolytica monandous of the Entamoebidae family, Amoebida set, Protozoa industry.

Amoeba life cycle is divided into 2 periods: the operating period and the vacation (cocoon). However, amoeba can be shifted from activity form to rest or vice versa depending on the nutritional conditions of the environment in the host body.

Based on the physical and physiological shape of Entamoeba Histolytica, it can be divided into 3 forms:

Big activity: in stool, many blood mucus of the patient, about 15-30 micrometers size, the most active at 37 ° C and pH 6.5 . In the cytoplasm of amoeba there are many red blood cells. Big activity when entering the cells usually shrinks in the cells with the size of 4-8 micrometers.

Small activity: Living in the colon has a size of about 8-25 micrometers and moves slower than a large active body, in the cytoplasm without red blood cells. P>

The cocoon is formed from a small act. The cocoon has an oval or round shape, the diameter of 10-14 micrometers, wrapped in 2 shells. The cocoon can have 1 kernel but when old has 4 cores. The formation of cocoons is indispensable in the life cycle of amoeba and plays a role in spreading the disease. Cocoons exist in relatively good external scenes: at 17-20 ° C's monthly temperatures, at 45 ° C died after 30 minutes, at 85 ° C died after a few seconds.

Source of disease:

Patients (both acute and chronic) and good people carrying cocoons in stools causing food and water pollution.

Some animals such as monkeys, dogs, cats, mice, etc. may be sick but do not discharge so cocoon so it is not a source of disease.

Symptoms of By amoeba's disease

Incubation time: can last from 1-2 weeks to 3 months. Starting disease may slowly or acute.

Patients initially show expression of fatigue, anorexia, dizziness, abdominal pain, ... often without fever or mild fever.

During the full period, the disease manifested with 3 main symptoms:

Abdominal pain

Purine, go out "fake" (patient pushes, sad to defecate but have no stool)

Acute form: Common dysentery syndrome includes abdominal pain, pushing and blood stool.

Abdominal pain, pain, pain along the colon frame before bowel movements, anal pain with a feeling of intense pain.

Bloody stools, sometimes alternating with diarrhea, each time you have a little stool, but go many times a day.

mild: Bloody stools several times a day, less tired

Average body: Patients are tired, bow about 5-15 times a day

Severe body: patient exhausted, dehydrated, electrolyte disorders, abdominal distention, feeling of pain and abdominal pain, bloody stools> 15 times/day

Sales of

patients with low abdominal pain, lax, less lax, rarely mucous mucus, rarely feels painful, sometimes constipation.

Chronic

after acute or semi -acute phase, the disease becomes chronic with many diseases. At this time, the colon function is no more, symptoms like chronic colitis: shady abdominal pain, continuous and digestive disorders, usually diarrhea, flatulence, indigestion for some foods , weakness, anorexia, weight loss.

Cases occur in patients with weakness, poor nutrition, combined with another parasitic disease or with an intestinal infection such as typhoid, dysentery or staphylococcus a staph Very heavy, patients often die from shock despite being actively treated.

Diseases are manifested by fierce fantasy syndrome: The anal sphincter is expanded, bloody and natural mucus flows out.

Amoeba dysentery can cause complications such as perforation of peritonitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, colon polyps, rectal mucosa, appendicitis caused by amoeba. The common complication is hepatitis or liver abscess caused by amoeba, pneumonia - pleural or pulmonary abscess caused by amoeba, amoeba -caused brain abscess, ...

According to the classification of the World Health Organization, amoeba is divided into the following forms:

Amoeba:

acute intestinal amoeba

Chronic intestinal amoeba: Chronic amoeba dysentery

A amoeba -caused intestinal complication: peritonitis due to perforation, tumor, appendicitis caused by amoeba, colon spasm due to scars, rectal prolapse, ...

Amoeba external:

amoeba hepatitis: pus -free amoeba hepatitis or amoeba liver abscess

Abscess of amoeba in other organs (lungs, brain, ...)

Amip DA

Transmission route of By amoeba's diseaseBy amoeba

The gastrointestinal transmission: People with amoeba due to eating this bacteria when eating food or drinking water are infected or exposed to the patient's faeces.

Oral sexual activity exposed to feces can also cause infection. The infected person may spread parasites to others even without symptoms.

People at risk for By amoeba's disease

All ages can be infected with amoeba but the most sick age is from 20 to 30 years old.

In addition, other risk factors that increase the likelihood of amoeba disease are:

Men are at higher risk than women

Poor, cramped toilet houses

Eating raw vegetables is not clean

Poor daily water quality

Another parasite infection

Prevention of By amoeba's disease

Method Prevention of amoeba is mainly hygiene, avoiding to spread cocoon into food, drinking water:

Perform cooked, boiling and boiling

When using fresh fruits and vegetables, it must be washed under the faucet, must be disinfected or treated with ultraviolet rays to kill the amoeba cocoon.

Do not use food, drinks from unclear sources.

Do not drink water that has not been cleaned from rivers, lakes or streams. Many types of water filters cannot kill this type of parasite.

Drink water or use ice from clean sources (such as bottled water). Do not drink milk or eat non -sterilized dairy products, unmatched fruits (unless peeled), salads and raw vegetables.

Always wash your hands with water and soap before eating, before cooking, after going to the toilet, after changing diapers or after helping others go to the toilet.

always use protective measures, such as oral protection, when there are sexual activities related to the anus touching the mouth.

Hygienic fertilizer treatment, absolutely do not use fresh vegetable fertilizer. Throw away all things that may have been stool.

Treatment of cocoon people with metronidazol.

Propaganda and education of food hygiene and safety.

Diagnostic measures for By amoeba's disease

Clinical: depending on the disease.

The colon is the first residence of the amoeba so the bowel amoeba is the basic disease that almost all patients experience.

Dysentery syndrome is a basic syndrome in amoeba disease with the following symptoms: abdominal pain along the colon frame, especially in the cecum, the colon, pushing, going to the bowel movement Relieves pain, stool with mucus and blood, mucus and blood separately. Going to bend about 4-10 times a day, once going out "fake".

Unclear poisoning infection syndrome. Patients may have mild fever, erratic fever during the day or no fever, mild, unclear, unclear poisoning symptoms. Epidemiology:

Contact with sick people

In the family, there are people who are sick

With the kitchen someone is sick

Living in the area where circulating epidemic

Suspected food infected with amoeba

Testing:

Determine diagnosis must be based on finding Entamoeba Histolytica in the feces, pus of the patient abscess. The most common method is to get fresh screening specimens on optical microscopes (must be screening as soon as the medical product is taken). In addition, the application of the fluorescent immune method can be applied, a complementary reaction or amoeba culture in the artificial environment and transmitting diseases for experimental animals (cats, mice, ...). >

To identify abscesses or tumors that can make liver, kidney, lung X-ray, brain X-ray, CT scanner comparison.

In the case of liver, kidney, lung abscess: Abscess of abscess will see chocolate pus.

Differentiate diagnosis: Depending on the disease, it is necessary to distinguish distinction with different diseases.

For intestinal amoeba (amoeba dysentery):

Distinguish with dysentery dysentery because there is dysentery syndrome. However, dysentery is often acute with a clear poisoning infection syndrome. Symptoms of dysentery are also different: abdominal pain along the colon frame, especially the ghost and rectal colon, several times, bloody stools mixed with blood or dilute like washing water. >

Distinguish with chronic colitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colon disease, bacterial dysplasia, heavy metal poisoning (lead, mercury, ...) , sub -frame tumor, ...

For amoeba hepatitis: Distinguish with viral hepatitis.

For liver abscess due to amoeba: It is necessary to distinguish it from biliary tract abscess or biliary cancer, liver cancer, ...

For lung abscess: It is necessary to distinguish from tuberculosis, lung tumors or lung abscess due to other causes.

By amoeba's disease treatments

Specific treatment: AMIPs as directed by the doctor

combined treatment:

Painkillers: If patients with abdominal pain are severely due to colon spasms, use painkillers, muscle relaxation, ...

In case of liver abscess, abscess Lungs have bacterial superinfection: Combining amoebaicide with antibiotics according to antibiotics, and must solve abscesses by suction or surgery when the liver abscess is too large (diameter> 6- 8cm).

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