Carcinoid syndrome

Carcinoid syndrome's disease overview

Carcinoid syndrome (English name is carcinoid syndrome) occurs when a rare cancer tumor is called tumor carcinoid secreted some chemicals into Blood enters the blood and causes many signs and symptoms. Carcinoid tumors occur most commonly in the digestive tract or lungs.

Carcinoid syndrome usually occurs in people with progressive carcinoid tumors. Treatment of carcinoid syndrome is similar to cancer treatment. However, because most carcinoid tumors do not cause carcinoid syndrome until the disease is at the stage of progress, it may not be cured. In these cases, using drugs can reduce the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome and help patients feel more comfortable.

Causes of Carcinoid syndrome's disease

Carcinoid syndrome is caused by a carcinoid tumor that secretes serotonin or other chemicals into the blood into the patient's blood. Carcinoid tumors occur most commonly in the lungs or in the digestive tract, including stomach, small intestine, appendix, colon and rectum.

Only a small percentage of carcinoid tumor secretes chemicals that cause carcinoid syndrome. When these tumors secrete chemicals, the liver often neutralizes chemicals before they follow blood to the body and cause symptoms.

However, when the tumor is spreading (metastasis) to the liver and the liver can secrete chemicals that are not neutralized before reaching blood. Most people who encounter carcinoid syndrome are progressing to the liver.

Some carcinoid tumors do not have to progress to cause carcinoid syndrome. However, the carcinoid tumors in the intestine produce chemicals that must first pass through the liver before going to the rest of the body. The liver often neutralizes chemicals before they can affect the whole body.

Currently, scientists have not found the cause of the carcinoid tumor.

Symptoms of Carcinoid syndrome's disease

Signs and symptoms of carcinoid syndrome depend on the chemicals that the carcinoid tumor secretes the patient's blood. The most common signs and symptoms include:

  • red skin. Patients feel hot face , chest and change color, from pink to purple. Symptoms of secretion (including tears, sweating, saliva, nausea, vomiting, fever and severe diarrhea) can last from a few minutes to a few hours or longer.
  • Flushing may occur without a clear reason, although sometimes it can be activated by stress, exercise or drinking alcohol.
  • Facial damage. Purple spider -shaped veins may appear on the patient's nose and upper lip.

    • Diarrhea that occurs regularly, sometimes accompanied by cramps and abdominal pain may occur in people with carcinoid syndrome.

  • Difficulty breathing. Signs and symptoms are like asthma, such as wheezing and shortness of breath, which can occur at the same time the time flushed with face .
  • heart arrhythmia. Tachycardia can be a sign of CarCinoid syndrome.

    • Carcinoid syndrome can cause the following complications:

  • Carcinoid heart disease. Some people with carcinoid syndrome lead to the development of carcinoid heart disease. Carcinoid syndrome causes the heart valve to thicken and cause the heart valve to work abnormally, leading to non -closed and bloody closing into other heart chambers. Signs and symptoms of carcinoid heart disease include fatigue and shortness of breath during physical activity. Carcinoid heart disease can lead to heart failure. The doctor may prescribe medication to treat heart disease or damaged heart valve repair surgery may be an option in advanced carcinoid heart disease.
  • intestinal obstruction. Cancer spreads to lymph nodes next to the small intestine can cause narrowing and torsion, leading to gut. Signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction include severe abdominal pain, cramps. At this time, patients may be prescribed surgery may be necessary to reduce congestion.

    • Carcinoid Crisis causes serious waves with symptoms such as flushing, low blood pressure, confusion and shortness of breath. Carcinoid Crisis can occur in people with carcinoid tumors when they come into contact with a number of agents, including anesthetic used in surgery. Carcinoid Crisis can be fatal so the doctor may give patients the medication before surgery to reduce the risk of Carcinoid Crisis.

    Transmission route of Carcinoid syndrome's diseaseCarcinoid syndrome

    Carcinoid syndrome is not an infectious disease, so it is not possible to be transmitted from patients to healthy people.

    People at risk for Carcinoid syndrome's disease

    Some studies have proposed risk factors such as smoking and diet, however, more research is needed to further study the mechanism of these factors leading to CarCinoid syndrome.

    Prevention of Carcinoid syndrome's disease

    Currently, scientists have not found the cause of Carcinoid syndrome, so it is not possible to propose specific preventive measures for this syndrome.

    Diagnostic measures for Carcinoid syndrome's disease

    The doctor will evaluate your signs and symptoms to eliminate other causes of skin redness and diarrhea. If there is no other cause, the doctor may suspect the Carcinoid syndrome.

    To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor may recommend additional tests, including:

  • Urine tests. Your urine may contain a substance created when your body breaks serotonin. A surplus of this substance can indicate that your body is processing serotonin, chemicals are most popular by carcinoid tumors.
  • Blood test. Your blood may contain a high content of certain substances, including Chromographin A protein, released by some carcinoid tumors.
  • Image testing. Image tests can also be used to locate the main carcinoid tumor and determine whether it spreads or not. Your doctor may start with your computerized (CT) cutting tunnel, because most of the carcinoid tumors are found in the digestive tract. Other scanners, such as MRI or nuclear medicine scan, can be helpful in certain cases.

    • Carcinoid syndrome's disease treatments

    Carcinoid syndrome treatment is like cancer treatment and can also be prescribed other drugs to control specific signs and symptoms of each patient. The treatment may include:

  • Surgery. Surgery to remove part or all cancer cells can also be a specific case.
  • Use drugs to prevent cancer cells from producing chemicals
  • Biological therapy. A injection drug called Interferon Alfa, stimulating the body's immune system to work better, sometimes used to slow down the growth of carcinoid tumors and reduce symptoms. Interferon Alfa can cause severe side effects such as fatigue and influenza symptoms.
  • Stop supplying blood to the liver tumor. This technique is called hepatic artery embolization, the doctor will place the tube through the needle near the groin and put on the main artery that carries blood to the liver (private artery - hepatic artery). The doctor injected particles to clog the liver artery, cut off the blood supply for cancer cells that had metastasized to the liver. Healthy liver cells still exist by relying on blood from other blood vessels. Hepatic artery embolism may have some risks and this technique is usually only performed in specialized hospitals. 
  • Destroy cancer cells in the liver with hot or cold heat. RFA technique (Radiofrequency Ablation) is a technique of using high-frequency waves to destroy the tumor with heat created by the friction of tissue ions under the impact of alternating current sound frequency (200-1.200 MHz). The power from the machine is transmitted into the tumor through a needle electrode and heat. Heat caused by friction to dry the surrounding tissue leads to dehydration of cells, causing tumor clots. Depending on the size of the tumor, one must perform many different treatments to completely destroy the tumor. The advantage of this technique is less serious complications, a slight complication rate of about 2-3%. Refrigeration therapy is similar, but it works by freezing tumors. These two techniques are generally safe, despite the risk of blood loss and infection.
    • chemotherapy. Chemotherapy may shrink the carcinoid tumor. Side effects of auxiliary chemotherapy on chemotherapy that the patient is used. 

    See also:

  • Vinmec is the cancer screening packages? Combining cancer treatment
  • Cancer treatment with stem cells

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