Carotid stenosis

Carotid stenosis's disease overview

The carotid artery comes from the aorta in the chest, up to the sides of the neck (including the left and the right carotid artery) and the branch into the brain. The function of the artery artery is to bring blood from the heart to nourish the brain.

Carotentic artery is narrowed or blocked as carotid or carotid artery disease.

Carotenic artery stenosis occurs when atherosclerosis (formed from cholesterol, calcium, and fibroids) develops thickly from the vascular wall, reducing blood flow to the brain. Atherosclerosis can cause thrombosis, in place or movement to block blood vessels. Therefore, the artery stenosis is one of the causes of cerebral infarction and fleeting brain anemia.

Causes of Carotid stenosis's disease

The carotid artery disease is caused by the accumulation of plaque in the artery that reduces the amount of blood supply to the brain. The plaque is formed by cholesterol, calcium, fiber tissue and cell debris. This process is called atherosclerosis. In addition, there are some less common causes that cause the carotid stenosis such as:

  • bulge.

    • Aortic inflammation.

    Aortic dissection.

  • Fibromuscular dysplasia.
  • Treatment tissue lesions (radiation necrosis).

    • Contrags of blood vessels.

    Symptoms of Carotid stenosis's disease

    Most people with Carotid narrowing often do not have any symptoms until the level of artery narrow becomes worse. Others have some typical symptoms of fleeting brain anemia as follows:

  • Weak, numb or paralysis, arms; Unsurprisingly the movement of the hands and feet.
  • blurred or blinded for a few seconds, minutes or hours. 
  • It is difficult to say or not speak.

    • confused.

  • Difficult to swallow.

    • There are patients with only one symptom, others have many symptoms at the same time. If the patient recovers completely before 24 hours, this condition is called fleeting brain anemia. If this condition exists more than 24 hours and lasts many months, for many years, it is called a stroke.

    People at risk for Carotid stenosis's disease

    Anyone may have Carotid narrowing . In particular, there are subjects at higher risk. That is:

  • Elderly: The incidence of artery diseases is higher when age increases.

    • Obese people, drink a lot of alcohol, beer: There is a high risk of hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes and lead to carotid stenosis.

    A lot of smokers: nicotine in cigarette smoke causes irritating the lining of the artery, increasing heart rate, high blood pressure, easy to cause artery disease.

    People with diabetes: diabetes reduces fat consumption, causing patients to have high risk of hypertension, atherosclerosis and artery stenosis .

    Patients with hypertension: The pressure is too great on the artery wall to weaken arteries, causing them to be vulnerable and narrow.

  • High blood fat patients: Low cholesterol levels and high triglycerides in the blood causing plaque accumulation in arteries, causing carotid stenosis.

    • Family history: The risk of carotid artery disease is higher if there are people with atherosclerosis or coronary artery disease.

  • People are sedentary, exercise.

    • Prevention of Carotid stenosis's disease

    To prevent or slow down the progression of carotid diseases, patients need:

  • No smoking.
  • Maintain healthy weight.

    • Limit cholesterol and fat in diet, preferably not to eat processed foods.

  • Enhance eating vegetables, fruits and nuts. Garlic, strawberry, apple, onions, grape juice, green tea, ... are foods that can reduce blood cholesterol levels and reduce blood clotting effectively.
    • eat less salt.
  • Exercise regularly to improve the flexibility of the heart and blood vessel system, which can reverse artery obstruction, help the heart healthier and reduce blood pressure

    • Limit drinking alcohol.

  • Relax, relax with deep breathing exercises, meditation or yoga to reduce stress, fatigue.
  • Control chronic diseases, treat diabetes, high blood pressure, ...
  • Obey the instructions of the doctor, do not arbitrarily take medicine or stop medication.
  • Regular health examination to promptly detect and treat new diseases early.

    • Diagnostic measures for Carotid stenosis's disease

    Clinical examination

    The doctor diagnosed with medical history and measurement of blood pressure, using stethoscope to detect abnormal sounds from the carotid artery.

    Subclinical examination

  • Testing of fat concentrations (cholesterol, triglycerides) and blood sugar at hunger.

    • Carotentary artery ultrasound to assess the level of carotid stenosis.

    Carotid angiography: Vascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRA), multi -layer CT scan (MSCT) to evaluate the entire artery system inside and outside the skull. Finally, the digital angiography eradicates DSA for treatment intervention.

    Carotid stenosis's disease treatments

    The treatment of carotid artery stenosis depends on the level of the artery narrow, the accompanying symptoms and the patient's general health. Treatment methods can be divided into 2 groups: medical treatment, surgery or stent:

    Medical treatment

    Applied in the early stage of the disease:

  • Stop smoking, control the increase in blood fat and blood sugar to reduce the risk of carotid stenosis.
  • Using low -dose aspirin (81 or 325ml daily) can treat mild carotid stenosis, no serious symptoms.

    • Surgery

    If the level of carotid artery stenosis is from 70 - 99%, serious symptoms have appeared, the doctor may ask the patient to perform surgery to remove the intravenous artery (CEA) to eliminate The plaque on the artery. Depending on the specific condition, the doctor may anesthetize or anesthesia for the patient. Once anesthetized/anesthetic is done, the doctor will incise the skin in the neck, cut the carotid artery and remove atherosclerotic plaques in the artery. This is a safe and effective treatment, patients can be discharged early.

    artery and stent

    is the minimally invasive method, which has been developed recently. This method has been done through anesthesia. To do so, the doctor will bring a long small tube (catheter) through the skin, threaded into the femoral artery, gradually bringing to the carotid artery. Next, the doctor taken the carotid artery by pumping the contrast drug through this small tube to see the plaque position narrowing the carotid artery. After that, the doctor slipped another small tube to squeeze the plaque into the artery wall and place a metal mesh tube, which was stent into the carotid artery to keep the circuit open. As a result, blood flow to the brain is re -established, significantly reducing the risk of cerebral infarction and transient anemia.

    However, the method of intravascular intervention can cause a number of complications such as increased brain perfusion, causing brain edema, cerebral hemorrhage or cerebral infarction due to atherosclerosis, blood clot moving during the process intervention.

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