Cervical cancer

Cervical cancer's disease overview

Cervical is the lowest part of the uterus, connecting the uterus to the vagina. Cervical cancer occurs when cervical cells develop abnormally and invade other tissues and organs of the body such as lungs, liver, bladder, vagina and rectum. . However, cervical cancer is a slow -progressive form of cancer. The pre -cancer period that lasts about 10 to 15 years is really a valuable window stage, an opportunity for doctors and patients to detect and treat precancerous lesions and prevent a real cancer. .

According to the World Health Organization 2014 statistics, cervical cancer is a common type of cancer ranked 4th in women, accounting for about 12% of all types of cancer and it also ranks secondary. 4 of the most fatal cancers in women. The average age of cervical cancer is 48-52 years old, while the age group is found to be common from cancer from the 20 to 30 years. In Vietnam, more than 4,000 women have diagnosis cervical cancer within a year and more than 50% of them die from neck cancer. uterus.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is considered to be directly related to cervical cancer. Many studies show that women with HPV infected, especially HPV Type 16 and 18 infection, are at higher risk of cervical cervical. Many cervical cancer screening programs are also looking for the presence of HPV and detecting pre -tissue lesions that have reduced the incidence and death rates such as: Making cervical slabs. Vaginal (pap smear), hpv type ... Currently, there is a vaccine to prevent cervical cancer caused by HPV, minimizing the frequency of disease.

Causes of Cervical cancer's disease

Cervical cancer starts with abnormal changes in cervical cells. Causes of cervical cancer although it has not been clearly studied, many risk factors have been identified, which is thought to increase the likelihood of disease.

  • HPV infection is the biggest risk factor, followed by a habit of smoking, using birth control pills. HPV penetrates from outside into the cervix. In most cases, HPV infected cells will cure itself, the rest, cervical cells are actually damaged and the virus continues to penetrate other cells that cause invasive cancer. HPV Type 16 and 18 belongs to a high risk HPV group, which is the cause of cervical cancer in 75% of cases.
  • Smoking, active or passive, can increase the risk of cervical cancer by 2 to 3 times. Smoking supports HPV's development and increases the possibility of precancerous lesions such as mild dysplasia, medium dysplasia and severe severe dysplasia in women who smoke more and prolong.
  • Using oral contraceptive drugs lasting for more than 5 years increases the risk of cervical cancer because of reducing the use of condoms when officials Sex, thereby increasing the possibility of exposure to HPV.

    • Symptoms of Cervical cancer's disease

    Similar to many other types of cancer, cervical cancer symptoms are often unclear until the disease progresses severe. The clinical manifestation of the disease varies depending on the stage of the disease as follows:

    The stage of cervical cancer on the spot, not invading

    The disease often has no signs, often discovered by accident when making cervical cell lemes.

    The stage of invasive cancer

    symptoms that appear that the patient pays attention at this stage such as:

  • Cervical pain during intercourse
  • Unusual vaginal bleeding, especially after intercourse, between menstrual cycles and during menopause.
  • Vaginal mucus is abnormal yellow, odor, sometimes bloody.

    • When cancer spreads more to pelvic organs, patients may experience symptoms:

  • Pain in the hip, back pain or feet.

    • Bloody hematoma if invasive bladder

    Bleeding bowel moves if invasive rectal, sometimes symptoms of bowel disease.

  • The whole body is tired, anorexia, thin.

    • Transmission route of Cervical cancer's diseaseCervical cancer

    Cervical cancer is not contagious but the leading risk factor for cervical cancer is due to the HPV virus - the virus that has the ability to transmit to anyone who has ever ever been. Sexual intercourse, including men and women. The transmission sugar can be through skin contact with the skin, but the most common is by sex, contact between the penis, the uterus, vagina or anus. Kissing or touching the genitals of your partner can also infect HPV.

    Is the cervical cancer contagious and genetic?

    People at risk for Cervical cancer's disease

    Women with higher cervical cancer incidence when one or more risk factors:

  • No vaccination against cervical cancer caused by HPV.
  • There are many partners or partners with many other partners.
  • unsafe sex, no condoms.
  • Smoking a lot and prolonged.
  • Using oral contraceptives lasts for at least 5 years.

    • Prevention of Cervical cancer's disease

    Cervical cancer prevention is to eliminate risk factors that increase the likelihood of disease and early detection of precancerous lesions to treat and prevent them from reaching real cancer lesions. .

  • HPV vaccination is the most active prevention. In Vietnam, HPV vaccine has been licensed by the Ministry of Health since 2007, which is effective in preventing precancerous lesions caused by HPV Typs 16 and 18. Is before sex.
  • Periodic screening programs include making the Pap Smear and the HPV type is necessary for most women over 30 years old. This is the only effective way to prevent cervical cancer for women who have sex but are too old to vaccinate HPV vaccine effectively.

    • Some other prevention measures may also benefit such as:

  • The fewer partners have, the lower the rate of HPV infection.
  • Do not take birth control pills for a long time
  • Not smoking or inhaling passive smoke.
  • Eat lots of green vegetables and fruits.

    • Diagnostic measures for Cervical cancer's disease

    Cervical cancer symptoms are quite poor and not characteristic, so the diagnosis is mainly based on subclinical tests.

    Cervical cancer in place

  • Making vaginal slabs, screening and cervical biopsy for sampling as a surgery are measures to help the patient with cervical cancer. Oral> or not.
  • Cervical grating: is an invasive measure, which is indicated when making cervical vaginal blades that are abnormal but have nothing to detect when the cervix.

    • Cervical pipes to assess the level of invasive of cervical cancer. Invasive cervical cancer

  • Patients will have a clinical examination
  • Put duckbills, observe images of cervical lesions with the naked eye. Damaged forms may include warts, ulcers, and deep infections. Evaluate tumor size and invasion into the same pocket, vagina and sampling as anatomy.

    • Rectal, vaginal visits to identify metastases.

  • Systemic examination: Assessment of the condition, detecting metastatic lymph nodes in the groin, upper and neck. Examination of abdominal and chest to detect manifestations of distant metastases like ascites ...

    • Determining diagnosis is still based on subclinical tests, most importantly, taking cervical tissue samples as a surgery. Some other vehicles help diagnosis metastases and other organs are also done as:

  • Blinds, UIV scan

    • Rectal scan

  • CT scan, magnetic resonance and abdominal cavity
  • X -ray and CT scan chest assess the lung metastasis

    • Cervical cancer's disease treatments

    Cervical cancer can be completely cured if the disease is detected at an early stage.

    To cervical cancer treatment , first, the doctor needs to determine the stage of cancer, tumor size and have or not invasive to other organs. . The treatment is mainly based on the stage of the disease and the type of micro -tissue of cervical cancer. In addition, age, and other social factors also contribute to the construction of a treatment regimen suitable for each specific patient.

    Methods cervical cancer treatment include:

  • Chemotherapy

    • Radiation therapy

    Surgery

  • Self -immunotherapy - only available at Vinmec

    • Surgery is the main treatment. In some cases, radiation and chemotherapy may be indicated to shrink the tumor size before surgery or kill the remaining tumor after surgery.

    See also:

  • Cervical cancer can be cured? Cancer treatment
  • Thinprep Test - New progress in early detection of cervical cancer
  • HPV vaccine: Who should be injected and injected? 6 things to know about cervical cancer

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