Chronic renal failure

Chronic renal failure's disease overview

Kidney is a organs in the urinary system, there are 2 kidneys located on both sides of the spine in the waist hole in charge of many important functions in the body. The kidneys have dialysis function to excrete urine, waste of the body, adjust electrolytes, in addition to the function of maintaining blood pressure stability and participating in the process of hematopleus. . For some reason, the renal function will lead to disorders of the above functions that lead to many consequences that greatly affect the quality of life even death.

So what is What is the chronic kidney failure ?

Chronic renal failure is the final consequence of chronic kidney-urinary diseases that cause the renal function to gradually decrease corresponding to the number of nephrons of the kidneys damaged and loss of non-recovery function. Chronic renal failure causes reduced glomerular filtration, electrolyte disorders, hypertension, chronic anemia

The disease may progress gradually and worsen in batches and finally lead to end -stage chronic kidney failure, at this time the two kidneys lose function completely requires kidney replacement treatment such as dialysis, transplantation Kidney, ... cost a lot of money and cause depression for patients

Therefore, chronic kidney failure needs to be diagnosed and treated promptly to improve the symptoms of the disease while prolonging the time to turn into end -stage renal failure, extending the life of the patient

Causes of Chronic renal failure's disease

Glomerular diseases: accounting for 40% of chronic kidney failure including: acute glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, chronic glomerulonephritis, glomerulonephritis due to systemic diseases system, ....

Chronic nephrotic disease due to bacterial infections or no infections

diabetes and hypertension are two causes of kidney damage to chronic kidney failure.

There are also some other causes:

congenital and genetic kidney disease (polycystic kidney, kidney dysplasia, Alport)

Autoimmune disease (such as systemic erythematosus, sclerosis)

Poisoning in a long time

Some drugs used to treat pathological disorders can also cause kidney damage, leading to chronic kidney failure.

Any case that reduces the amount of blood supply to the kidneys, clogging urine after leaving the kidneys or damaging the kidneys can be the cause of the disease: clogged vasodilation Kidney artery, urinary tract infection, congestive heart failure ...

Symptoms of Chronic renal failure's disease

Chronic kidney failure usually has no clear symptoms. In fact, symptoms will not manifest until severe kidney damage appears.

The possible symptoms are:

Anemia: blue skin, pale mucosa, dizziness. The degree of anemia corresponds to the severity of the disease. The more severe the renal failure, the more anemia makes the patient tired, eat poorly, reduce the daily activities.

Hypertension: is the most common symptom. Long -term hypertension, uncontrolled hypertension can lead to heart failure, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, etc.

Cardiovascular symptoms: High -blood urea inflammation

nerve symptoms: cramps, abnormal sensation, crawl, burning in the legs.

Osteoarthritis: osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, bone pain is common in the final stage of the disease. Testing with increased blood calcium, X -rays see the image of osteoporosis

Symptoms of digestive: Anorexia, Nausea later can diarrhea, mouth ulcers, gastrointestinal ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding

High blood urea coma: can appear in the final stage of kidney failure, indifferent patients, sleep, may have convulsions, mental disorders and then go in coma.

Other symptoms may be encountered such as: edema due to glomerulonephritis or the end stage of the disease

5 stages of chronic kidney failure

People at risk for Chronic renal failure's disease

People with a history of kidney diseases especially glomerular disease, kidney stones, infections

People with hypertension, diabetes, system erythematosus

Using some drugs that cause impaired renal function: antibiotics, nsaid

Prevention of Chronic renal failure's disease

Thoroughly treat acute glomerulonephritis diseases, kidney infections, kidney stones, etc. There are no symptoms to the last stage, so the important goal is to detect early disease in three high -risk subjects of people with diabetes, hypertension, and families with kidney disease. > These subjects need to be tested for annual screening and actively treat early to avoid renal disease progressing to the end.

Diagnostic measures for Chronic renal failure's disease

Very valuable symptoms to diagnose chronic renal failure:

3 -month hyper urea.

There is prolonged hyper urea syndrome (when the blood urea increases time).

Increase the amount of creatinine in the blood, thereby estimating glomerular filtration level according to creatinine concentrations. The level of glomerular filtration decreases ≤ 60ml/min, lasting> 3 months.

Imaging diagnosis (X -ray, UIV, ultrasound) shows that the kidney size decreases evenly or unevenly on both sides. Some images may be encountered such as kidney stones, kidney follicles, kidney deformities, ..

Protein urine tests in urine, urinary cylinders, erythrocytes

Common symptoms but less valuable for diagnosis of chronic renal failure: History of kidney disease-urinary, anemia, hypertension, edema.

Increased urea and creatinin are a manifestation of renal function impairment, but the results may be inaccurate, affected by many factors, time -consuming. Therefore, to assess the kidney function, there is a modern method, with high accuracy that is the renal function. Radiography of the renal function is usually applied at the nuclear medical unit at Vinmec Hospital. Radiography of kidney function to assess kidney function by using the most modern measurement device of the world's leading medical equipment company has high accuracy. With good quality images, functional renal radiography has become an indispensable technique to explore kidney function, contributing to improving the effectiveness of diagnosis of the urinary system.

Radiology assesses kidney function

Chronic renal failure's disease treatments

Can chronic kidney failure be cured?

There is no measure that can completely cure chronic kidney failure . But treatment can help slow the progression of the disease and improve symptoms, limit the risk of complications. Treatment of chronic kidney failure by the following methods:

Treatment of the cause : Treatment of the cause of chronic kidney failure is key. For most patients, it is to strictly control blood sugar and blood pressure with drugs and diet, exercise, weight loss, change of living habits. This will help slow damage.

Treatment with diet, disaster t: Change lifestyle, quit smoking, alcohol, daily exercise, avoid strong activity, reduce protein, reduce, reduce Salt in the daily diet,

Treatment of symptoms

Hypertension : Hypertension is both a cause and a result of chronic kidney failure. It is often difficult to control blood pressure in patients with chronic renal impairment. Objective blood pressure ≤ 130/80 mmHg. Restricted salt: <2g/ day. Blood pressure drug belongs to the conversion inhibitor group (UCMC) or receptor inhibitors (UCT), diuretic, ...

Control of blood lipid disorders : Chronic kidney failure is a risk factor leading to cardiovascular diseases due to dyslipidemia. Treatment with drugs that reduce the concentration of bad cholesterol, prevent the risk of blood vessel obstruction. The drug group that can be used is statin, gemfibrozil

Anemia treatment : Anemia is very common in patients with chronic renal impairment due to the kidneys that do not produce enough substance called erythropoietin (EPO) .epo .ePo. Help maintain the normal red blood cell creation process. In patients with chronic renal failure, the target with HB is 11-12g/dl. Treatment includes: erythropoietin: subcutaneous injection, iron supplement, folic acid

Osteoporosis treatment : Supplementing with vitamin D, and calcium, limiting phosphorus in the diet to help healthy bones.

Treatment of electrolytes: depending on the case that has different treatments. In chronic renal failure, or encounter is hyperkalemia. If left untreated can lead to arrhythmia, cardiac arrest and other nervous problems

Treatment of end -stage chronic kidney failure : When the kidney function is less than 15% of normal kidney function, go into end -stage renal failure. This means that the body does not have enough function to filter out toxins and excess fluids, treatments: dialysis, kidney transplantation. Artificial dialysis is one of two dialysis methods. When the dialysis function of the kidney does not meet the needs of the body, the dialysis is now using machines to support dialysis instead of the kidneys. Artificial dialysis is considered the best solution for people with end -stage renal failure that can maintain life.

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